английский за проф направлением. Укладач Триполець В.І. Рецензенти
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4. Study the groups of derived words.
ІІ. READING Read the text attentively, use a dictionary. Find or check the meaning of the words you don't know. WHAT IS PHARMACY? Pharmacy is defined as the art of recognizing, identifying, collecting; selecting, preparing, storing, compounding and dispensing drugs used in preventive or in curative medicine for treating people.  Pharmacy was an integral part of medicine when preparative pharmaceutical techniques were simple. It became an independent branch of medicine when an increasing variety of drugs and their complex compounding demanded specialists familiar with the technique of their compounding. Thus we may define pharmacy as the science of drugs. The word "pharmacy" comes from the Greek word "pharmakon" which in the modern language means "a drug". To the Greeks it was associated with a god or higher being who had the power of affecting people with herbs, infusions, etc. Pharmacy is as old as man himself. The first primitive man who tried to use a plant in the food and observed that it caused a disease was already in the drug business. In this simple way many drags have been discovered. The civilization of the past contributed to our present knowledge by the collection of drugs and drug preparations. The old Egyptian texts list many preparations, some components of which are still used in modified form. In these works the important beginning of the science pharmacognosy may be seen. Galen, in the second century A.D. one of the most famous physicians of the past wrote much about drug effects. Even today pharmacists use the word "galenicals" when they speak about simple vegetable extracts. However, only in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries chemical knowledge advanced to the point at which it could contribute significantly to pharmacology. The first and the most important was the isolation in relatively pure chemical form of the active constituents of plants. For example, Serturner isolated morphine in 1806 from opium. It took man over 5000 years to make this very important step. The industrial revolution of the last century gave birth to synthetic organic chemistry and established a new branch of knowledge necessary for the synthesis of new drags. That the drag may affect the organism or may act more selectively was an empirical observation of a primitive man. However, it took many centuries to establish this empirical observation scientifically. Today the biochemical investigation of drug action is as important as the older pharmacodynamic studies. ІІІ. Post-Reading Activities 1. Read the text again and write out adjectives, which go together with the following nouns. Arrange your findings in the given table.
Paragraph I: medicineParagraph V:form Paragraph II: part constituent technique step variety Paragraph VI: revolution specialist chemistry language branch of knowledge being Paragraph VII: observation Paragraph III: pharmacy investigation man study way Paragraph IV: knowledge beginning physician extract 2. Check how well your partner understands the text What is Pharmacy? by asking him/her the following questions.
3. Finish the sentences choosing one of the collocations. 1) Pharmacy became an independent science ...
2) The important beginning of the science pharmacognosy may be seen ...
3) It took the civilization over five thousand years ...
4. Fill in the table.
IV. Speaking. Read the proverbs. What are they about? Do you know any Ukrainian equivalents? Do you agree with their meaning? Diet cures more than doctors. You can't buy health at the pharmacy. V. Supplement. 1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian. Be ready to discuss the text. PHARMACY AS A HEALTH PROFESSION Contrary to popular belief, pharmacy is not limited to counting and dispensing pills. Pharmacy is a rewarding profession in the health care system that involves working closely with doctors and patients. No matter what health field you step into, there will always be a need for pharmacists. They provide their expertise on the composition, use, and manufacturing of a drug, as well as its physiological and chemical interactions. Pharmacy offers flexible work schedules, a broad spectrum of opportunities and direct patient contact. Pharmacy is the health profession that links the health sciences with the chemical sciences, and it is charged with ensuring the safe use of medication. The scope of pharmacy practice includes more traditional roles such as compounding and dispensing medications on the orders of physicians, and it also includes more modern services related to patient care, including clinical services, reviewing medications for safety and efficacy, and providing drug information. Pharmacists, therefore, are experts in drug therapy and are the primary health professionals who optimizemedication use to provide patients with positive health outcomes. What are the disciplines? The field of Pharmacy can generally be divided into three primary disciplines: Pharmaceutics, Medical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy practice. There are various specialties of pharmacy practice. Specialization in pharmacy practice is typically based on the place of practice or practice roles including: community, hospital, clinical pharmacy, consultant, drug information, industry. Other specializations in pharmacy practice recognized by the Board of Pharmaceutical Specialties include: cardiovascular, infectious disease, oncology, pharmacotherapy, nuclear, nutrition, and psychiatry. 2. Skim through the text and define its main idea. Write the key sentences out and translate them. 3. Put questions to the text and ask your partner. 4. Put in the missing words. 1. Pharmacy is a profession that involves working closely with ... and … . 2. There will always be a need for … . 3. ... offers flexible work schedules, a broad spectrum of opportunities and direct patient contact. 4. The scope of pharmacy practice includes more traditional roles such as ... and ... medications on the orders of physicians. 5. Pharmacists are experts in … … and are the primary health professionals. 20. Pharmacy, its history and modernity. Фармація, її історія та сучасність. І.Vocabulary. to recognize – усвідомлювати, довідуватися; to dispense – відпускати лікарські засоби, фасу, вати; todistribute– розподіляти, поширювати; (in)compatability–(не) сумісність; toencounter – натрапляти, наштовхуватися; concomitant – супроводжуючий; auxiliary – допоміжний; admixture – домішка; background – витоки, походження; over-the-counterdrug (OTC) – ліки, що відпускаються без рецепта; tocrush – вижимати, дробити, дрібнити; regimen–режим, схема; accessible–доступний, відкритий. ІІ. Reading. PHARMACY: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, INDUSTRY Pharmacy is defined as the art and science of recognizing, identifying, collecting, selecting, preparing, storing, testing, compounding and dispensing all substances used in preventive or in curative medicine for treating people. It speaks not only of medicines and the art of compounding and dispensing them, but of their combination, analysis and standardization. Though nowdays most drugs are prepared by pharmaceutical manufactures and are distributed to the chemist's or hospital in such suitable dosage forms as tablets, capsules, liquid preparations, or sterile solutions for injection, the pharmacist now has no less a responsible role in properly dispensing the preparation in finished forms than when he powdered, dissolved, mixed, and otherwise compounded prescriptions. Compounding and dispensing medicines demand special knowledge, experience, and high professional standards. So to become---a pharmacist one should achieve knowtectg'e' of different subjects, such as physics, chemistry, biology, pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacognosy, tech nology of drugs, organization and economy of pharmacy, management and marketing in pharmacy. Because of his knowledge of drug constituents, the pharmacist is able to predict not only the chemical and physical incompatibilities encountered in compounding but also the therapeutic incompatibilities that the patient may encounter when utilizing a drug concomitantly with other prescribed or self-selected medications. Starch, saccharose, pork fat, gelatine, cocoa and butter, among other substances, used as auxiliary admixtures and bases, include particles of medicinal substances in treatment. But they themselves are not neutral agents: they may affect the action of the drugs. When supplying both prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medication to patients, the pharmacist also provides information required for the safe and effective use of such drugs. The pharmacist further serves as an information source of all aspects of drugs to his colleages in the medical, dental, and nursing professions. These adivisory roles are made possible by the vast background of the pharmacist, the drug expert, in fields such as pharmacognosy, pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and pharmaceutics. The pharmacist needs to know where the dosage form can be obtained; if the drug is readily absorbed; if it has stability; and if there is anything in the literature to confirm the reliability of this dosage form for a particular patient. The pharmacist must also know what tablets can be crushed and added to food (or used in compounding) without altering the drug's effectiveness and dose regimen. Pharmacists should be very helpful and supportive when asked for their opinion and advice. It is widely recognized that pharmacists are among the most accessible and respected health professionals. Although the pharmacist is mainly concerned with those substances having application to public health, he realizes that many of these therapeutic aids are also utilized as beverages, and spicies, in confectioneries, and as technical products. During the past few years, as a result of the intense concern with all aspects of ecology, there has been a renewed interest in so called "natural" foods and drugs. The availability of an extremely wide variety of those products, ranging from fenugreek tea to ginseng chewing gum, has stimulated the public to learn more about them. Progress in many fields of medicine depends on production of corresponding antibiotics, effective narcotic, cardiac and other drugs. New pharmaceutical preparations are constantly being developed for every branch of medicine. New drugs not only save lives, they help to reduce the costs of health care by limiting the need for alternative, more expensive therapy, such as surgery and hospitalization. Drugs which return people to productive activity might well be viewed as investments yielding social benefits — rather than costs. The pharmaceutical industry is among the most misunderstood of all industries. Just as society has decided it is wise to have a population knowledgeable about sex education, so must the population be knowledgeable about pharmaceutical development. A creative act and nine months of development are needed to launch a new person. The creative act of discovering a new pharmaceutical is followed by an average of 10 years and 100 million American dollars in development costs. III. Запитання до тексту 1. How is pharmacy defined? 2. What is the role of a pharmacist? 3. What do compounding and dispensing medicines demand? 4. What is necessary to become a pharmacist? 5. What is pharmacist able to predict? 6. What information does the pharmacist provide when supplying both prescription and over-the-counter drugs? 7. What does the pharmacist further serve? 8. By means of what are these advisory roles made possible? 9. Can you give the examples of substances used both pharmaceutically and in food production? 10. What do you know about the history of pharmacy? |