английский за проф направлением. Укладач Триполець В.І. Рецензенти

• Название: Укладач Триполець В.І. Рецензенти
• Анкор: английский за проф направлением.doc
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III. Language development

1. Find the English equivalent for the following Ukrainian words and word combinations.
1. Хімічна речовина:

a) chemical substance	b) chemical suppository	c) chemical solution
2. Джерело:
a) origin	b) effect	c) nature
3. Отримувати:
a) to retain	b) to sustain	c) to obtain
4. Поглинання:
a) contribution	b) absorption	c) contraindication
5. Взаємодія:
a) antidote	c) subdivision	b) interaction
6. Шкідливий:
a) destroying	b) harmful	c) harmless
7. Небажаний:
a) undone	b) undesirable	c) intolerable
8. Розлад:
a) disorder	b) dyscrasia	c) effort
9. Жовтяниця:
a) collagen disorder	b) jaundice	c) obstruction
10. Приписувати:
a) to prescribe	b) to produce	c) to provide

2. Match the synonyms.

1. to obtain	a. to occupy
2. to contain	b. elimination
3. to store	c. to keep
4. effect	d. to comprise
5. to involve	e. to get, gain
6. removal	f. damaging
7. to include	g. action
8. harmful	h. to enclose
9. to require	i. to counteract
10. to neutralize	j. to need

3. Find the most general word in each row.

1. 
   antibiotics, penicillin, drugs, vitamins;
   
2. 
   roots, fruit, leave, plants;
   
3. 
   chemotherapy, pharmacology, toxicology;
   
4. 
   DNA, organelle, RNA, mitochondria;
   
5. 
   parasite, plant, organism, animal.
   

4. Match the words with their definitions.

1. drug	a. a protein enhancing chemicals
2. glands	b. a substance having an opposite effect
3. root	c. a drug against microorganisms
4. antidote	d. the endocrine organs
5. antibiotic	e. a plant organ
6. DNA	f. medicine
7. enzyme	g. a substance containing all the genetic information

5.Complete the sentences.

1. 
   The drugs obtained from plant parts are ... .
   
2. 
   The drugs obtained from animals are ... .
   
3. 
   Chemically synthesized drugs are ... .
   
4. 
   Pharmacology studies ....
   
5. 
   The interaction of drugs and cells is studied ....
   
6. 
   Chemotherapy includes ....
   
7. 
   Toxicology is ... .
   
8. 
   Pharmacogenetics deals with ....
   

6. Answer the questions.

1. 
   What are drugs?
   
2. 
   How can drugs be obtained?
   
3. 
   What are drugs synthesized from?
   
4. 
   What does pharmacology study?
   
5. 
   What are the branches of pharmacology?
   
6. 
   What is molecular pharmacology concerned with?
   
7. 
   When is chemotherapy indicated?
   
8. 
   Why is it necessary to hold investigations on antidotes?
   
9. 
   Which drugs are safer: natural or chemically synthesized?
   
10. 
    What does medical pharmacology study?
    

7.Correct the wrong statements.

1. 
   Drugs are nuclear substances used in medicine in the treatment of diseases.
   
2. 
   The field of medicine which studies drugs, their nature, origin, and effect in the body is called pharmocodynamics.
   

1. 
   Scientists interested in pharmacodymanics study drug toxicity.
   
2. 
   Chemotherapy includes treatment of mental disorders only.
   
3. 
   Toxicological studies in animals are prohibited by law.
   

3. 
   Disorders directly resulting from diagnostic or therapeutic efforts of a physician are known as humanistic.
   
4. 
   Nausea, vomiting, and alopecia are common contraindications to the chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat cancer.
   
5. 
   Among the most dangerous toxic complications of drug usage are AIDS and cardiovascular diseases.
   

IV.Speaking

1. Make up dialogues using the following questions.

a)

• 
  What does the profession of a pharmacist deal with?
  
• 
  Is this profession well-paid?
  
• 
  Is it dangerous?
  
• 
  Does a person need to be skillful for this profession?
  

b)

• 
  Is chemotherapy necessary for the treatment of cancer?
  
• 
  Is it painful and dangerous?
  
• 
  Can you avoid the treatment?
  
• 
  Should you use all the dangerous drugs to help the state?
  
• 
  Is the outcome always lethal?
  

c)

• 
  What will you prescribe to a person with poisoning?
  
• 
  And what would you do to help a person who has swallowed poi­son?
  
• 
  What can you do if you don't know the antidote?
  

2. Discuss the following problems.

1. 
   Natural and synthesized drugs: which are safer?
   

1. 
   The poisonous effects of some drugs: when can a doctor prescribe such drugs?
   

2. 
   The chemical essence of drug action: the main mechanisms.
   
3. 
   Can people live without drugs?
   

30. The main types of drugs, their classification by

form, by way of action by major characteristics.

Основні типи ліків, їх класифікація за формою, за с

пособом дії, за основними характеристиками.

1. 
   Vocabulary.
   

mold (mould) - плісень, пліснява; пліснявіти;

genericname - офіціальна (фармакопійна назва);

brandname- торговельна назва;

competitor - суперник, конкурент;

to capitalize - друкувати, писати великими буквами;

to conform - погоджувати, узгоджувати;

to enforce - примушувати, змушувати;

nausea - нудота, огида;

vomit(ing) – блювота;

overdose – передозування;

to alleviate - полегшити, зменшити біль;

ratio - співвідношення, пропорція;

to speed – прискорювати;

duration – тривалість;

interfere - шкодити, вадити;

expulsion - вилучення, виводження.
II. Прочитайте та перекладіть на українську мову назви лікарських засобів та слова греко-латинського похо­дження, що зустрічаються в текстах уроку. Зверніть увагу на особливості їх вимови англійською мовою:

penicillin, streptomycin, methtrexate, prednisone, ampi-cilline, Amcili capsules, Omnipen, Penbritin, Polycillin, Principer/N, medicine, chemical, substance, digitalis, antibiotics, hormones, secretion, synthesize, laboratory, cancer, vitamin, formular, superscript, prescription, physician, pharmacist, substitute, practice, capitalize, letter, pharmacologis-t, committee, pharmacopeia, stan­dard, clinical, formulary.
III. Supplement

Text A

1. Read, translate and discuss the following text. Be ready to speak about the effectiveness and medicinal uses of licorice.

DRUGS: OBTAINING, NAMES AND STANDARDS

Drugs are chemical substances used in medicine in the cure, treatment, or prevention of disease in man and animals. In addition drugs alleviate suffering and pain. They affect living protoplasm and do not act as a food. These chemical substances can come from many different sources. Drugs are obtained from various parts of plants, such as the roots, leaves and fruit. Examples of such tlrugs are digitalis (from the foxglove plant), and antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin (from plants called molds).

Drugs can also be obtained from animals; for example, hormones and secretions from glands of animals. Drugs can be made from chemical substances which are synthesized in the laboratory. Anti-cancer drugs, such as methtrexate and prednisone are examples of laboratory-synthesized drugs. Some drugs are contained in food substances; these drugs are called vitamins.

A drug can have three different names. The chemical name is the chemical formular for the drug. This name is often long and complicated. The generic or official name is a shorter, less complicated name which is recognized as identifying the drug for legal and scientific purpose. The generic name is public property and any drug manufacture may use it. There is only one generic name for each drug.

The brand name or trade name is the private property of the individual drug manufacturer and no competitor may use it. Brand names often have the superscript after or be­fore the name. Most drugs have several brand names be­cause each manufacturer producing the drug gives it a dif­ferent name. When a specific brand name is ordered on a prescription by a physician, it must be dispensed by the pharmacist; no other brand name may be substituted. It is common practice to capitalize the first letter of a brand name.

The following list gives the chemical, generic, and brand names of the well-known antibiotic drug ampicillin. Note that the drug can have several brand names, but only one generic, or official name.
2. Chemical name generic name brand name

alpha-amino- ampicilline Amcill capsules

benzyl P Omnipen

Penbritin Polycillin Principen/N

Standards.While the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has the legal responsibility for deciding whether a drug may be distributed and sold, there are definite stan­dards for drugs set by an independent committee of physi­cians, pharmacologists, pharmacists, and manufactures.This committee is called the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). Two important standards of the USP are that the drug must be clinically useful (useful for patients) and available in pure form (made by good manufacturing methods). If a drug has USP after his name, it has met with standards of the Pharmacopeia. A list of drugs is published by the USP every 5 years but not all drugs are listed in it. The National Formulary (NF) is a larger list of drugs which meet purity standards. The letters USP and NF after a drug indicate that the manufacturer claims his product conforms to USP or NF standards. It is up to the FDA to inspect and enforce the claims of drug manufactures.

Drugs may be classified according to a) their morpholo­gy; b) the taxonomy of the plants and animals from which they are obtained; c) their therapeutic applications; d) their chemical constituents. Each of these methods of classification has advantages and disadvantages.
3. Запитання до тексту

l. Whataredrugs? 2. What are drugs obtained from? 3. What are the examples of drugs obtained from animals? 4. Give the examples of laboratory-synthesized drugs. 5. What is the chemical name of a drug? 6. What is meant by the generic or official name of a drug? 7. What can you say about the brand or trade name of a drug? 8. How many different names can a drug have? 9. What organization has the legal responsibility for drugs? 10. What is the United States Pharmacopeia? 11. What are the two important standards of the USP? 12. When do we say that a drug has met with Pharmacopeia standards? 13. Can you describe the National Formulary? 14. What do the letters USP and NF after a drug indicate?
4. Доповніть речення інформацією з тексту A:

1. Drugs are chemical substances used ... . 2. Drugs are obtained from various parts of plants, such as ... . 3.Drugs can be made from chemical substances ... . 4. Drugs contained in food substances are ... . 5. The generic name is ... . 6. Most drugs have several ... because ... . 7. It is common practice to ... . 8. FDA has legal responsibility for ... . 9. Brand names have ... . 10. When a specific brand name is orderedon a prescription … . 11. A list of drugs is pub­lished ... . 12. Two important standards of the USP are ... . 13. It is up to the FDA to ... .
5. Дайте англійською мовою визначення таким по­няттям:

a) the generic (official) name; b) the brand (trade) name; c) the chemical name; d) the Food and Drug Administration; e) the United States Pharmacopeia; f) the National Formulary.
IV. Прочитайте текст В. Зверніть особливу увагу на: а) основні групи ліків; б) реакцію людей різних вікових груп на ліки; в) способи вживання ліків.

TEXT В

CLASSIFICATION AND MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF DRUGS

The drugs can be grouped according to the action they possess. The main groups are: