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Discussion Work in pairs
Can you think of any other types of prejudice? Can you think of examples of each type of prejudice?
Listening and speaking Stereotype and Reality
dispersed - разбросанный rebellious - непокорный annoying - раздражающий arrogant - высокомерный dour - мрачный, суровый gorgeous - великолепный hypocritical - лицемерный well-deserved -заслуженный yobbish- хулиганский offspring – отпрыск, потомок
Discussion Work in small groups.
Useful phrases They are supposed to be\have… They have a reputation for… They give the impression of being…. I’d always thought of them as being… Actually, I have found that… It’s just a myth because… Judging from the people I’ve met… Writing
7 The Global City Reading and speaking Vocabulary notes diverse – разнообразный, многообразный, многонациональный bank holiday – официальный праздник to afford – позволить себе to be accepted – быть принятым to stick together – держаться вместе
London: the world in one city Leo Benedictus spent months interviewing the immigrant communities that give the city of London its vitality and, more importantly, its food! New York and Toronto may think they are more cosmopolitan, but London in the 21st century is certainly the most diverse city ever. This is one of the reasons why it was chosen to host the 2012 Olympic Games. More than 300 languages are spoken by the people of London, and it has 50 nationalities with populations of more than 10,000. Why is this? Firstly, London is a place of business. Londoners have the fewest bank holidays in Europe and work the longest hours. People come for jobs and money. But that is not why they stay. Language is one reason. Fluency in English is a great gift for their children. Another surprising reason is the character of the London people. They are not as friendly as some other nationalities. But this has advantages – people leave you alone, and you are free to live your own life. Finally, the most delicious reason is – food. You can have dinner in more than 70 different nationalities of restaurant any night of the week. Londoners’ enthusiasm for foreign food creates thousands of jobs for new communities. All Londoners, old and new, have the same principles. They work hard, love their children, and move out of the city centre as soon as they can afford it!
Posh Daddy is the manager of the Big Choice Barber’s on Peckham High Street. It is a West Indian and African hairdresser’s. These two black communities haven’t always got on well together. “When I first came here, we just wanted to be accepted by the West Indian community, but they weren’t very friendly,‘ he says. ‘Now it is getting better. These days most of my West Indian brothers in the barber’s like eating African food like me, pepper soup and kuku paka, which is chicken with coconut – very hot and spicy.’
‘This restaurant was a little bit of Korea brought into a very English town,’ says Young-il Park, the manager of the Asadal restaurant in New Malden. The Asadal is famous for its kimchi – salty, spicy chili peppers and vegetables. Young-il’s father opened the Asadal in 1991 – the first Korean restaurant in the town. Young-il was the only Korean in his school. ‘The thing I noticed most was that people stared’, he says. ‘Now you see a lot of Koreans here.’
Yasar Halim, a Turkish grocer’s and baker’s, is known all over London. It was open in Green Lanes in 1981 by Mr Halim, a Turkish Cypriot. At that time, no one was selling food from his homeland. Now his shop is famous for its baklava, a sweet cake made with nuts and honey. The shop is very busy, and the staff working here – both Turkish and Greek Cypriots – look like they’re having a great time together. In their homeland of Cyprus, there are still problems between the two communities. But in this area of London, they live together as good neighbours.
‘Football is a passion for us,’ says Jose Antonio Costa, the president of the Porto Fan Club which meets in Stockwell. ‘Many people come for friendship – you know, in a foreign country, you feel more comfortable with your own people.’ Eric Santos, the owner of Santo’s café near the club, says, ‘People come for my wife’s bacalhau – salted cad, made with potatoes and onions. Delicious! There is quite a big Portuguese-speaking community here, from Portugal, Brazil and Madeira, but they do not always stick together. ‘Everyone looks after their own interests.’ The Portuguese and the Madeirans. In particular, are very separate groups in London, because Madeira wants independence from Portugal.
5. Work in pairs. Make up questions to one of the characters which were supposedly asked by Leo Benedictus. Act out the interview. Discussion Work in small groups. Compare information.
Writing
Listening and speaking Martinique meets Paris
the domestic market – внутренний рынок the headquarters – главный офис approach - подход actually – на самом деле, по настоящему, в действительности to promote – пропагандировать, продвигать, повышать, стимулировать
3.Listen once again and make notes on the following:
Discussion
8 National Identity Reading and speaking Vocabulary notes
1. Read and translate the 1st part of the text. Ethnic identity: the native British National (‘ethnic)’ loyalties can be strong among the people in Britain whose ancestors were not English. For some people living in England who call themselves Scottish, Welsh or Irish, this loyalty is little more than a matter of emotional attachment. But for others it goes a bit further and they may even join one of the sporting and social clubs for ‘exiles’ from these nations. These clubs promote national folk music, organize parties on special national days and foster a consciousness of doing things differently from the English. For people living in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, the way that ethnic identity commonly expresses itself varies. In Scotland several important aspects of public life are organized separately, and differently, from the rest of Britain – notably, education, law and religion. The Scottish way of speaking English is also very distinctive – it cannot usually be understood by people who are not Scottish. A large majority of people in Wales probably do not consider themselves to be especially Welsh at all. The organization of public life is similar to that in England. In the nineteenth century large numbers of Scottish, Irish and English people went to find work there, and today many English people still make homes in Wales or have holiday houses there. As a result, a feeling of loyalty to Wales is regional rather than nationalistic. One single highly-important symbol of Welsh identity is the Welsh language. Everybody in Wales can speak English, but it is not everybody’s first language. For about 20% of population the mother tongue is Welsh. For these people Welsh identity obviously means more than just living in the Region known as Wales. All children learn Welsh at school, there are many local newspapers in Welsh, there is a Welsh television channel and nearly all public notices and signs are written in both Welsh and English. As for English identity, most people who describe themselves as English usually make no distinction in their minds between ‘English’ and ‘British’. For example, there are national Scottish, Welsh and Irish anthems, but the English one is just “God Save the Queen’ – the same as the British national anthem. In Northern Ireland, ethnicity, family, politics and religion are all inter-related. Northern Ireland is a highly polarized society where most people are born into, and stay in, one or other of the two communities for the whole of their lives. On one side of the divide are people whose ancestors came from lowland Scotland or England. They are self-consciously Protestant and want Northern Ireland to remain in the UK. On the other side are people whose ancestors were native Irish. They are self-consciously Catholic and would like Northern Ireland to become part of the Irish Republic. Although the communities live side-by-side, their lives are almost entirely segregated. They live in different housing estates, listen to different radio and television programmes, register with different doctors, read different newspapers. Their children go to different schools, so that those who go on to university often find themselves mixing with people from the other community for the first time in their lives. In this atmosphere, marrying a member of the other community is traditionally regarded with horror. It should be noted, that the extremes of these hard-line attitudes are gradually softening and they apply to a much lesser extent among the middle-classes. 2. Answer the questions.
3. Give English equivalents for: Пропагандировать этническую музыку; а именно; этническая идентичность выражается по-разному; особенный, отличительный; крайне важный; родной язык; не проводить разграничения; взаимосвязаны; полностью изолированы друг от друга; недвижимость; общаться; восприниматься; в гораздо меньшей степени. 4. Finish the sentences. 1) National (‘ethnic)’ loyalties can be … among the people in Britain whose ancestors were not English. 2) For people living in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, the way that … … commonly expresses itself varies. 3) As a result, a feeling of loyalty to Wales is … rather than nationalistic. 4) One single highly important … of Welsh identity is the Welsh language. 5) As for English identity, most people who describe themselves as English usually … …. …. in their minds between ‘English’ and ‘British’. 6) They are self-consciously Protestant and want Northern Ireland … in the UK. 7) Although the communities live …, their lives are almost entirely segregated. 5.Read and translate the rest of the text. Ethnic identity: the non-native British About 6% of the total British population is non-whites. For them, ethnic identity is more than a question of deciding which sports team to support. Most non-whites, although themselves born in Britain, have parents who were born outside it. The great wave of immigration from the Caribbean and south Asia took place between 1950 and 1965. These immigrants, especially those from south Asia, brought with them different languages, different religions (Hindu and Muslim) and everyday habits and attitudes that were sometimes radically different from traditional British ones. As they usually married among themselves, these habits and customs have, to some extent, been preserved. For some young people brought up in Britain, this mixed cultural background can create problems. For example, many young Asians resent the fact that their parents expect to have more control over them than most white or black parents expect to have over their children. Nevertheless, they cannot avoid these experiences, which therefore make up part of their identity. As well as this ‘given’ identity, non-white people in Britain often take pride in their cultural roots. This pride seems to be increasing as their cultural practices, their everyday habits and attitudes, gradually become less distinctive. Most of the country’s non-whites are British citizens. Pride can decrease as a defensive reaction to racial discrimination. There is quite a lot of this in Britain. There are tens of thousands of racially motivated attacks on people every year, including murders. All in all, however, overt racism is not as common as it is in many other parts of Europe. |