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1 Do you think the number of immigrants now entering the US from each of the following areas is too many, too few or about right?
2 Do you feel that English only should be used in all public schools, public signs, government forms and official messages in the United States. Or do you support thr use of a second language in some areas to help immigrants participate in education, business, public affairs and daily life? English only 47% Second language 49% 3 Some people say the government should make it much more difficult for illegal aliens to get work in the US by penalizing companies that knowingly hire them. Others oppose such a penalty because it would restrict US businesses too much and limit opportunities for legal immigrants – especially Hispanics. Which view comes close to your own? Penalize companies 61% Oppose penalties 28% 4 Some people propose that the federal government issue identity cards to all citizens and legal immigrants to distinguish them from those who are in the country illegally. Others oppose this plan on the grounds that it would give the federal government too much knowledge and control over all Americans. Which view comes closest to your own? Issue ID Card 42% Oppose ID Card 52% 5 Some people say there are too many illegal immigrants living in this country for the authorities to arrest and deport them. They feel we should have an amnesty to let most of aliens to live here legally. Others say the government should do everything it can to arrest those living in this country illegally. Which comes closer to your view? Amnesty for Those Here 34% Arrest and Deport 55% 6 Do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
Writing
3 Multicultural Britain
Many states in the world today are characterized by multiethnic populations. Some states are ethnically diverse as a result of long histories of changing borders, occupations by foreign powers and regional migration. Other societies have become multiethnic more rapidly, as a result of deliberate policies encouraging migration, by way of colonial and imperial legacies. Immediately after the Second World War, Britain looked like a prosperous and friendly country for an immigrant worker. All Commonwealth citizens were free to enter the country and look for work, which was plentiful. The influx of immigrants was aided by the adoption of the 1948 British Nationality Act, which granted favourable immigration rights to citizens of Commonwealth countries. However, since the Immigration Act of 1962, successive governments have introduced regulations to restrict the number of immigrants. It is difficult to get statistics on race, but the following patterns are clear. The percentage of non-whites in Britain increased quite rapidly between 1945 and the end of the 1970s and the 2001 Census will show that it had reached 10 per cent by then. In addition, the number of people seeking political asylum reached 70,000 a year in 2001. By now, most members of ethnic minority groups were born in the UK. This can be seen clearly by looking at the age structure of ethnic minority populations. Within the British Indian population, for example, more than 96 per cent of those aged 16 and under were born in Britain, while only 1 per cent of those aged 35 or more were born here. This marks an important shift from an ‘immigration population’ to a non-white British population with full citizenship rights. Ethnic minorities are concentrated in the cities. They do not live in the inner city by choice; they moved there because such areas were least favoured by the white population and empty properties became available as whites moved out. Black and Asian people in Britain are disadvantaged as a whole in comparison with the white population. The percentage of members of ethnic minorities who are unemployed, or in low-grade jobs, is higher than in the population as a whole. However, certain ethnic groups find greater occupational success than others. For example, African Asian men are as likely as their white counterparts to work as professionals, managers or employers, while Chinese women are twice as likely as white women to do so. However, individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds are still faced with prejudice and racism in areas such as employment, income, housing and crime. Racial discrimination and poor living conditions have contributed to racial violence, especially in the day-to-day form of relations between young blacks and the police, or in the more extreme form of inner-city riots. This is despite the Race Relations Act (1976), which was designed to promote equality of opportunity for people of all races. 2. Answer the questions.
3. Combine the following words into sentences:
4. Rearrange the following sentences so that they logically summarize the text.
5. Learn and reproduce the summary from Exercise 4. 6. Read and translate the text. A mixed population During the last thirty years Britain has undergone a sometimes painful education about people, race, colour, prejudice and different cultural values. The experience of living in a multi-racial society has undoubtedly changed people’s attitudes. Racial prejudice still exists and occasionally flares into violence, but somehow we have become a society of mixed races. If you discuss the need for national groups to preserve their identity by protecting themselves against immigrants you will find most of your British friends bewildered by what they will interpret as ‘racism’. However, the desire to preserve operates in both directions. We are already asking how far the immigrant groups should try to assimilate and how far they should try to preserve their own traditions. The first language of the Asian population is not English. Should the first priority be to teach them good English, or to help them protect their native languages? How far should English schools adapt to the immigrants and their children and how far should the children be expected to take for granted a white British way of life? Here is a Muslim boy from Bradford reflecting on the problem. “To be a strict Muslim in Britain can at times be awkward but by no means impossible. But to be a strict Muslim and at the same time accepted by society is not so easy. Integration of any minority can be difficult, but the recent Gulf conflict has not made things easy for Muslims in Britain…The west at the moment needs an enemy, as the old favourites such as communism have gone… Of course it’s very easy to blame the West, but do the Muslim communities want integration? Unfortunately my experience suggests that some communities do not. They are quite happy to live their lives doing business with fellow Muslims. This negative attitude is just as dangerous as any racism, for in itself it’s a form of racism. It’s important wherever integration does occur that the culture and way of life does not change much. Politically, I’m British, but my religion, culture and way of life, although influenced by the British way of life comes from my Muslim background. I have friends of various backgrounds, and continue with life normally (at least, what I perceive as normal). But friends of mine who were brought up in a Muslim community all their life have friends only of Muslim background and have in no way experienced other cultures. If this continues, integration will never come about. The only way to reduce racism is to increase awareness, to educate people. Simple as it sounds, we’re failing…” This boy has no doubt that integration is desirable, but that it must be done without cutting people off from what is familiar to them. Variety of experience is the best way of education. Since variety includes strangeness it is regarded with suspicion by people on all sides. But fortunately many more, white and black, are learning to enjoy the distinctive pleasures of each other’s culture and way of life. They are trying the balancing trick of preserving both difference and harmony. As you walk about the streets and talk to people, you will be able to judge how well they have succeeded. (from Understanding Britain by Karen Hewitt) 7. Give Russian equivalents for: To preserve one’s identity; the first priority; to protect one’s native language; to adapt to the immigrants; to take for granted a white British way of life; to be accepted by society; to want integration; integration does occur; to be brought up in a Muslim community; to have friends of various backgrounds; to reduce racism; to increase awareness; to educate people; to cut people off from what is familiar to them; to be regarded with suspicion; to enjoy the distinctive pleasures of each other’s culture and way of life; to preserve both difference and harmony. 8. Give English equivalents for: Пройти болезненный путь знакомства с различными культурными ценностями; изменить отношение людей; разгореться во вспышки насилия; защитить себя от иммигрантов; привести в недоумение; действовать в обоих направлениях; сохранить традиции; научить хорошо говорить по-английски; размышлять над проблемой; затруднительно; обвинять Западные страны; отрицательное отношение; воспринимать; не иметь опыта общения с представителями других культур; интеграции не произойдет; уменьшить проявления расизма; восприниматься всеми сторонами; сохранить равновесие; судить; преуспеть. Discussion Work in groups
4 Migration and the European Union
Citizens of countries in the European Union now have the right to work in any other EU country. Professionals with highly developed skills and qualifications have joined the ranks of asylum-seekers and economic migrants as the largest groups of European migrants. Migration into the EU from non-EU countries has become one of the most pressing issues on the political agenda in a number of European states. The members of Schengen agreement allow free entry into the country from neighbouring member states. Illegal immigrants able to gain access to a Schengen state can move throughout the entire Schengen zone. Some illegals enter the EU legally as students or visitors and overstay their visas, but a growing number of illegal immigrants are smuggled across borders. It is estimated that 400,000 people are smuggled into the EU annually. Since most EU states have now tightened the borders and limited legal immigration to cases of family reunification, an application for asylum has become one of the remaining channels through which non-EU citizens can gain permission to settle in the EU. An asylum-seeker is a person who requests refuge in a foreign country due to a fear of persecution in his or her country of origin. The right to apply for asylum is accepted as a universal one, yet critics charge that asylum applicants are treated no better than criminals – forced to live in overcrowded prison-like detention centres while their applications are processed. Lengthy backlogs of cases have built up in many countries, including the UK, where more than 100,000 asylum-seekers were awaiting decisions on their applications in early 2000. Because the EU is home to some of the highest wages, welfare services and standards of living in the world, some “economic migrants” not in fear of persecution but detention centres, and who cannot gain entry by other means, may seek to do so by applying for asylum. Strict policies on asylum have led many to speak of fortress Europe – protected zone which acts collectively to protect its assets and high standard of living against an “assault” by migrants from other parts of the world who seek to share in its prosperity. Many West European countries have witnessed campaigns for migrants to be returned to their countries of origin, and threats of deportation should they be unemployed or commit an offence. Moral panics portraying migrants as criminals and dependent on the welfare state are prompting a further tightening of immigration policies in many countries. The racism associated with anti-immigration sentiment has produced some explosive incidents in Europe in the 1990s. In the newly unified Germany hundreds of attacks on foreigners – and on Turkish workers, some of whom had been in the country for more than twenty years – took place in 1991 and 1992. Violent attacks on Roma (gypsy) populations in many countries of central and eastern Europe have become more frequent.
Одна из самых актуальных проблем на политической повестке; перемещаться по всей Шенгенской зоне; нелегальные иммигранты; просрочить визу; тайно провозить; центр временного пребывания мигрантов; огромное число нерассмотренных заявлений; система социального обеспечения; быть местом проведения кампаний за возвращение иммигрантов в страну выезда; изображать иммигрантов как преступников и иждивенцев социального государства; анти-иммигрантские настроения; участились грубые нападения на цыганское население.
joined the ranks of asylum-seekers and economic migrants To allow free entry; to gain access to; to tighten the borders; to limit legal immigration; to gain permission to settle in the EU; a fear of persecution; detention centres; to gain entry; welfare services; to protect its assets and high standard of living; to seek to share in its prosperity; threats of deportation; to commit an offence; dependent on the welfare state; to prompt a further tightening of immigration policies; explosive incidents; to witness campaigns for; threats of deportation; commit an offence; to be dependent on the welfare state.
To gain the right to visa-free travel; temporary restrictions; to apply for work permits; to drop/ lift immigration restrictions; to be entitled to claim the same benefits; beholden to; to deter; skilled migrants; to impose restrictions; under various schemes; unrestricted access; in common with all people; social security benefits; to come into force; jobseeker's allowance; out-of-work benefits; benefit scroungers; low taxes for high earners; the low cost of living; to build financial security and professional confidence; low-income migration. |