A Grammar of the English Language. Грамматика английского языка. A grammar of the english language

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part of a complex object.
I saw that young man and his wife talking to you on the stairs. (Galsworthy)

Я видел, как этот молодой человек и его жена разговаривали с вами на

лестнице.
5. Participle I as part of a compound verbal predicate.
Presently other footsteps were heard crossing the room below. (Hardy)

Вскоре они услышали, что через комнату внизу прошел еще кто-то.
(For detailed treatment of Participle I as part of a complex object and part of a compound verbal predicate see § 10, 11.)
6. Participial phrase as parenthesis.

Here we always find a participial phrase; a single participle is not used in this function.
Generally speaking, I don’t like boys. (Dickens)

Вообще говоря, я не люблю мальчиков.

Judging by appearances, Mr. Bowmore looked like a man prematurely

wasted and worn by the cares of a troubled life. (Collins)

Судя по внешности, мистер Баумор был человек преждевременно

состарившийся и измученный тяготами жизни.
§ 8. The functions of Participle П in the sentence.

1. Participle II as an attribute.

When used as an attribute Participle II of transitive verbs corresponds to the Russian страдательное причастие or действительное причастие of some verbs ending in ‑ся, е. g. a broken chair (сломанный стул), a broken cup (разбитая чашка), a newspaper published in Moscow (газета, издаваемая в Москве), the problem discussed at the meeting (вопрос, обсуждавшийся на собрании).

Participle II, as well as Participle I, can be used in pre-position (without any accompanying words) and in post-position (with one or more accompanying words).
He answered through the locked door. (Wells)

Он ответил сквозь закрытую дверь.

They turned into the large conservatory beautifully lit up with Chinese

lamps. (Eliot)

Они свернули в большую оранжерею, красиво освещенную китайскими

фонариками.
Participle II of intransitive verbs which denote passing into a new state, corresponds to the Russian действительное причастие or to an adjective. However, only in a few cases Participle II of an intransitive verb may be used attributively, mostly Participle II of the verbs to fade, to wither, to retire, to fall, to vanish, e. g. faded leaves (увядшие листья), a withered flower (засохший цветок), a retired colonel (отставной полковник), a fallen star (упавшая звезда), the vanished jewels (пропавшие драгоценности).

An attribute expressed by Participle II may be detached; in this case it often has an additional meaning of an adverbial, modifier:
The housekeeper had come out of her room, attracted by the violent ringing

of the bell. (ConanDoyle)

Экономка вышла из своей комнаты, привлеченная неистовым звоном

колокольчика.

Accompanied by his father and Steger, he (Cowperwood) ascended to his

new room. (Dreiser)

Сопровождаемый, отцом и Стеджером (в сопровождении отца и

Стеджера), он поднялся в свою новую комнату.

Crushed at first by his imprisonment, he had soon found a dull relief in it.

(Dickens)

Поначалу сломленный своим пребыванием в тюрьме, он вскоре нашел в

этом какое-то тупое облегчение.
2. Participle II as an adverbial modifier.

In this function Participle II is preceded by the conjunctions when, while, if, as if, as though, though, etc. It is generally rendered in Russian by an adverbial clause.

Participle II can be an adverbial modifier:

(a) of time.
When questioned Annie had implied vaguely... that she was anxious about

her brother-in-law. (Cronin)

Когда Энни стали расспрашивать, она дала понять... что беспокоится о

своем шурине.
(b) of condition.

It was a dreadful thing that he now proposed, a breach of the law which, if

discovered, would bring them into the police court. (Cronin)

To, что он предлагал, было ужасно: это было нарушение закона, и если

бы оно открылось, их отдали бы под суд.
(c) of comparison.

As if torn with inner conflict and indecision, he cried. (Galsworthy)

Он плакал, словно его мучили внутренняя борьба и сомнения.

Mr. Kantwise... shook his head as though lost in wonder and admiration.

(Trollope)

Мистер Кэнтуайз... покачал головой, словно переполненный чувством

удивления и восхищения.
(d) of concession.

...her spirit, though crushed, was not broken. (A. Bronte)

...хотя она и была подавлена, она не была сломлена.
N o t e. — Other grammarians’ view of the analysis of such word groups as

when questioned, if discovered, as if torn, though crashed... is different. They

consider such word-groups to be elliptical clauses and not participial phrases.
3. Participle II as a predicative.
In spite of himself, Val was impressed. (Galsworthy)

На Вэла это произвело впечатление, помимо его воли.

The inner gate was locked, and the lodge closed. (Dickens)

Внутренние ворота были заперты, и помещение привратника закрыто.
4. Participle II as part of a complex object.

She has found me unaltered; but I have found her changed. (Collins)

Она нашла, что я ничуть не переменился, а я нашел, что она изменилась.
(For detailed treatment of Participle II as part of a complex object see § 10.)
§ 9. Predicative constructions with the participle.

In Modern English we find the following predicative constructions with the participle:

(1) the Objective Participial Construction;

(2) the Subjective Participial Construction;

(3) the Nominative Absolute Participial Construction;

(4) the Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction.
§ 10. The Objective Participial Construction.

The Objective Participial Construction is a construction in which the participle is in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case.
In the next berth she could hear her stepmother breathing heavily. (Hardy)

Ей было слышно, как на соседней койке тяжело дышит ее мачеха.
The participle breathing is in predicate relation to the noun stepmother, which denotes the doer of the action expressed by the participle.

In the Objective Participial Construction Participle I Indefinite Active or Participle II is used. In the sentence this construction has the function of a complex object. It usually corresponds to a subordinate object clause in Russian.

The Objective Participial Construction may be found:

(a) after verbs denoting sense perception, such as to see, to hear, to feel, to find, etc.
Then he looked out of the window and saw clouds gathering. (Dreiser)

Потом он выглянул из окна и увидел, что собираются тучи.

I heard my wife coming... (Conan Doyle)

She could feel her hands trembling exceedingly. (Hardy)

She found him waiting for her at her journey’s end... (Dickens)

I saw the pony harnessed myself. (Collins)

The dog heard his name pronounced through the open door. (Collins)

He felt himself clutched by the collar... (Hardy)

You will probably find your sister grown, Bella. (Dickens)
(b) after some verbs of mental activity, such as to consider, to understand.
I consider myself engaged to Herr Klesmer. (Eliot)

Я считаю себя помолвленной с господином Клесмером.
(c) after verbs denoting wish, such as to want, to wish, to desire. In this case only Participle II is used.
The governor wants it done quick. (Bennett)

Отец хочет, чтобы это было сделано быстро.
(d) after the verbs to have and to get; after these verbs only Participle II is used.

In this ease the Objective Participial Construction shows that the action expressed by the participle is performed at the request of the person denoted by the subject of the sentence. Thus I had the piano tuned means ‘I made someone tune the piano’.
I had my coat altered.

Я переделала пальто (т. е. поручила кому-то переделать его).

Не... had several bottles of wine brought... (Dreiser)

Ему... принесли несколько бутылок вина.

You can get your clothes made in Europe. (Dreiser)

Вы можете заказать себе платья в Европе.
In interrogative and negative sentences the auxiliary verb to do is used:
Why don’t you have your hair waved? (DuMaurier)

Почему вы не завьетесь (не сделаете завивку)?
Occasionally the meaning of the construction is different: it may show that the person denoted by the subject of the sentence experiences the action expressed by the participle.
The wounded man had his leg amputated.

Раненому ампутировали ногу.
§ 11. The Subjective Participial Construction.

The Subjective Participial Construction is a construction in which the participle (mostly Participle I) is in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the nominative case, which is the subject of the sentence.

In rendering this construction in Russian a complex sentence is generally used; the principal clause is of the type which in Russian syntax is called ‘indefinite personal’ (неопределенно-личное предложение).

The peculiarity of this construction is that it does not serve as one part of the sentence: one of its component parts has the function of the subject, the other forms part of a compound verbal predicate.
They were heard talking together... (Collins)
This construction is chiefly used after verbs of sense perception.
The horse was seen descending the hill. (Hardy)

Видно было, как лошадь спускалась с холма.

Then Bathsheba’s footsteps were heard crossing the room. (Hardy)

Было слышно, как Батшеба прошла через комнату.
§ 12. The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction.

The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction is a construction in which the participle stands in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the nominative case; the noun or pronoun is not the subject of the sentence.
The door and window of the vacant room being open, we looked in.

(Dickens)

Так как дверь и окно пустой комнаты были открыты, мы заглянули в нее.
In the Nominative Absolute Participial Construction Participle I (in all its forms) or Participle II is used. This construction is generally rendered in Russian by means of an adverbial clause. It is used in the function of an adverbial modifier. It can be an. adverbial modifier:

(a) of time.
The lamp having, been lit, Mrs. Macallan produced her son’s letter. (Collins)

Когда зажгли лампу, миссис Макаллан достала письмо от сына.

This duty completed, he had three months’ leave. (Hardy)

Когда эта работа была закончена, он получил трехмесячный отпуск.
(b) of cause.

It being now pretty late, we took our candles and went upstairs. (Dickens)

Так как было довольно поздно, мы взяли свечи и пошли наверх.

A knock had come to the door, and there being nobody else to answer it,

Clare went out. (Hardy)

Послышался стук в дверь, и, так как больше некому было открыть, Клэр

вышел.

We were walking by ourselves for an hour, George having remained behind

in the hotel to write a letter to his aunt. (Jerome)

Мы гуляли одни в течение часа, так как Джордж остался в отеле, чтобы

написать письмо своей тетке.
(c) of attendant circumstances. In this function the Nominative Absolute Participial Construction is mostly placed at the end of the sentence. In rendering it in Russian a coordinate clause or деепричастный оборот is used.
He turned and went, we, as before, following him. (Jerome)

Он повернулся и вышел; как и прежде, мы последовали за ним.

One morning he stood in front of the tank, his nose almost pressed to the

glass. (Dreiser)

Однажды утром он стоял перед витриной, почти прижавшись носом к

стеклу.
(d) of condition. In this function the Nominative Absolute Participial Construction occurs but seldom and is almost exclusively used with the participles permitting and failing.
Weather (time, circumstances) permitting, we shall start tomorrow.

Если погода (время, обстоятельства) позволит, мы поедем завтра.

Conciliation failing, force remains; but force failing, no further hope of

conciliation is left.^1
1 The example is borrowed from A Modern English Grammar by O. Jespersen.
Если не удается достигнуть примирения, приходится применить силу; но если сила не помогает, не остается никакой надежды на примирение.
The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction very often occurs in fiction and scientific literature; the use of this construction in colloquial English is rare.
§ 13. The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction.

The Absolute Participial Construction may be introduced by the preposition with and is then called the Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction. It is in most cases used in the function of an adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances.

This construction is rendered in Russian by a coordinate clause or деепричастный оборот.
They were walking on again, with Hugh calmly drawing at his pipe.

(Lindsay)

Они снова шли вперед; Хыо спокойно покуривал свою трубку.

The daughter sat quite silent and still, with her eyes fixed on the ground.

(Dickens)

Дочь сидела молча и неподвижно, опустив глаза в землю.
§ 14. Absolute constructions without a participle.

There are two types of absolute constructions in which we find no participle. The second element of the construction is an adjective, a prepositional phrase, or an adverb.

1. The Nominative Absolute Construction. It is used in the function of an adverbial modifier of time or attendant circumstances. In the function of an adverbial modifier of time this construction is rendered in Russian by an adverbial clause.
Breakfast over, he went to his counting house. (Ch. Bronte)

Когда кончили завтракать, он пошел в свою контору.
In the function of an adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances the Nominative Absolute Construction is rendered either by a coordinate clause, деепричастный оборот, or a noun (pronoun) with the proposition с.
Manston went homeward alone, his heart full of strange emotion. (Hardy)

Мэнстон отправился домой один; душа его была переполнена странными

чувствами.

There he stood, his face to the south-east... his cap in his hand. (Hardy)

Он стоял, повернувшись к юго-востоку... с шапкой в руке.
Mind the difference between the meaning of the following constructions: The lesson (concert, lecture) over... and The lesson (concert, lecture) being over... The lesson over has a temporal meaning, whereas the lesson being over has as a rule a causal meaning.

2. The Prepositional Absolute Construction. It is mostly used in the function of an adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances. In rendering this construction in Russian a coordinate clause or деепричастный оборот is used.
I found him ready, and waiting for me, with his stick in his hand. (Collins)

Он был готов и ждал меня; в руке у него была палка.

Sikes, with Oliver’s hand still in his, softly approached the low porch, and

raised the latch. (Dickens)

Сайкс, все еще не выпуская руку Оливера из своей, подошел потихоньку

к невысокому крыльцу и поднял щеколду.
§ 15. The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction and the Nominative Absolute Construction are separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma or a semicolon.
Grandcourt... rose and strolled out on the lawn, all the dogs following him.

(Eliot)

Mr. Tulkinghorn comes and goes pretty often; there being estate business to

do. (Dickens)

Then he started out, bag and overcoat in hand, to get his cup of coffee.

(Maltz)
Prepositional Absolute Constructions are usually separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma.
It was a balmy, radiant day, with the trees and grass shining exceedingly

green after the rain of the night before. (Dreiser)

He was there, writing busily at a distant table, with his back towards the

door. (Eliot)
THE GERUND
§ 16. The gerund developed from the verbal noun, which in course of time became verbalized preserving at the same time its nominal character.

The gerund is formed by adding the suffix ‑ing to the stem of the verb, and coincides in form with Participle I.
§ 17. The double nature of the gerund.

As a natural result of its origin and development the gerund has nominal and verbal properties. The nominal characteristics of the gerund are as follows:

1. The gerund can perform the function of subject, object and predicative.
They say smoking leads to meditation. (Collins) (SUBJECT)

I like making people happy. (Shaw) (OBJECT)

The duty of all progressive mankind is fighting for peace. (PREDICATIVE)
2. The gerund can be preceded by a preposition.
I am very, very tired of rowing. (Hemingway)
3. Like a noun the gerund can be modified by a noun in the possessive case or by a possessive pronoun.
“I wonder at Jolyon’s allowing this engagement,” he said to Aunt Ann.

(Galsworthy)

«Меня удивляет, что Джолион допустил эту помолвку», — сказал он

тетушке Энн.

Is there any objection to my seeing her? (Galsworthy)

Кто-нибудь возражает против того, чтобы я повидался с ней?
The verbal characteristics of the gerund are the same as those of the participle:

1. The gerund of transitive verbs can take a direct object.
I had now made a good progress in understanding and speaking their

language. (Swift)
2. The gerund can be modified by an adverb.
She burst out crying bitterly. (Hardy)
3. The gerund has tense distinctions; the gerund of transitive verbs has also voice distinctions. The forms of the gerund in Modern English are as follows:

	Active	Passive
Indefinite	writing	being written
Perfect	having written	having been written

There is no gerund in the Russian language and the English gerund is rendered in Russian in different ways:

(a) by a noun.
Dancing had not begun yet... (Mansfield)

Танцы еще не начались.
(b) by an infinitive.
She had tea with Cipriano before leaving. (Lawrence)

Перед тем как уйти, она выпила чаю с Чиприано.

It is no good hiding our heads under our wings. (Galsworthy)

Бесполезно прятать голову под крыло.
(c) by деепричастие.
And without waiting for her answer he turned and left us. (DuMaurier)

И, не дожидаясь ее ответа, он повернулся и вышел.

On seeing Bella he stopped, beckoned her to him, and drew her arm through

his. (Dickens)

Увидев Беллу, он остановился, подозвал ее к себе и взял под руку.
(d) by a subordinate clause.

Не regretted now having come. (Galsworthy)

Теперь он сожалел, что пришел.
It should be observed that though the active forms of the gerund may be rendered in different ways, the passive forms are nearly always rendered by a clause.
As she contemplated the wide windows and imposing signs, she became

conscious of being gazed upon. (Dreiser)

Когда она рассматривала широкие витрины и внушительные вывески,

она почувствовала, что на нее смотрят.

After having been informed of the conference in my lady’s room... he

immediately decided on waiting to hear the news from Frizinghall. (Collins)

После того, как ему сообщили о совещании в комнате миледи... он

сразу решил подождать, чтобы узнать новости из Фризингхолла.
§ 18. The tense distinctions of the gerund.

The tense distinctions of the gerund, like those of the participle, are not absolute but relative.

1. The Indefinite Gerund Active and Passive denotes an action simultaneous with the acting expressed by the finite verb; depending on the tense form of the finite verb it may refer to the present, past, or future.
He can swim for any number of hours without tiring. (Hichens)

Он может плыть много часов подряд, не уставая.

She walked on without turning her head. (Hardy)

Она шла не поворачивая головы.

Gwendolen will not rest without having the world at her feet. (Eliot)

Гвендолен не успокоится, пока весь мир не будет у ее ног.

No one could pass in or out without being seen. (Dickens)

Никто не мог ни войти, ни выйти так, чтобы его не видели.
2. The Perfect Gerund denotes an action prior to that of the finite verb.
She denies having spoken with him.

Она отрицает, что говорила с ним.

Не was ashamed of having shown even the slightest irritation. (Bennett)

Ему было стыдно, что он проявил раздражение, хотя и очень слабое.

She really had been crying... cut of anger at having been driven so hard.

(Heym)

Она действительно плакала... возмущенная тем, что с ней так жестоко

поступили.
However, a prior action is not always expressed by a Perfect Gerund; in some cases we find an Indefinite Gerund. This occurs after the verbs to remember, to excuse, to forgive, to thank and after the prepositions on, (upon), after and without.
I don’t remember hearing the legend before. (Hardy)

Я не помню, чтобы я когда-нибудь слышала эту легенду.

You must excuse my not answering you before. (Collins)

Вы должны извинить меня за то, что я не ответил вам раньше.

I thank you for restraining me just how. (Ch. Bronte)

Я благодарен вам за то, что вы сейчас помогли мне сдержаться.

On leaving the house we directed our steps to the nearest shade. (Collins)

Выйдя из дома, мы направились в тень.

After walking about ten yards, he found the hat among the leaves. (Hardy)

Пройдя ярдов десять, он нашел свою шляпу в кустах.

She passes through and disappears in the pantry without noticing the young

lady. (Shaw)

Она проходит и исчезает в буфетной, не заметив молодую девушку.
The Perfect Gerund may also be, used after the above mentioned verbs and prepositions.
He did not remember having been in that room. (Galsworthy)

Он не помнил, чтобы когда-нибудь был в этой комнате.

After having denied herself to everybody, Miss Rachel, to our astonishment,

walked into the midst of us of her own accord. (Collins)

После того как мисс Рэчел отказалась видеть кого бы то ни было, она, к

нашему удивлению, вышла к нам по своему собственному желанию.

They parted at Cohen’s door without having spoken to each other again.

(Eliot)

Они расстались у двери дома Коэна, не сказав друг другу ни слова.
§ 19. The voice distinctions of the gerund.

The gerund of transitive verbs has special forms for the active and the passive voice.
He liked neither reading aloud nor being read aloud to.(Maugham)

Он не любил ни читать вслух, ни слушать чтение.
It is to be observed that after the verbs to want, to need, to deserve, to require and the adjective worth the gerund is used in the active form, though it is passive in meaning.
“The slums want attending to, no doubt,” he said. (Galsworthy)

«Без сомнения, трущобами надо заняться», — сказал он.

Не realized that his room needed painting.

Он понял, что его комнату надо покрасить.

The child deserves praising.

Ребенок заслуживает того, чтобы его похвалили.

They were not worth saving. (Heym)

Их не стоило спасать.
§ 20. Predicative constructions with the gerund.

Like all the verbals the gerund can form predicative constructions, i. e. constructions in which the verbal element expressed by the gerund is in predicate relation to the nominal element expressed by a noun or pronoun (see § 2).
I don’t like your going off without any money. (Maltz)

Мне не нравится, что вы уходите без денег.
Here the gerund going off is in predicate relation to the pronoun your, which denotes the doer of the action expressed by the gerund.

The nominal element ofthe construction can be expressed in different ways.

1. If it denotes a living being it may be expressed:
(a) by a noun in the genitive case or by a possessive pronoun.
His further consideration of the point was prevented by Richard’s coming

back to us in an excited state. (Dickens)

Его дальнейшие размышления были прерваны тем, что вернулся Ричард

в чрезвычайно возбужденном состоянии.

Do you mind туsmoking? (Hardy)

Вы ничего не имеете против того, чтобы я курил?
(b) by a noun in the common case.
I have a distinct recollection of Lady Chilternalways getting the good

conduct prize! (Wilde)

Я отлично помню, что леди Чильтерн всегда получала награды за

примерное поведение.
N o t e. — Thus in Modern English there are two parallel constructions of the

type: Fancy, David’s courting Emily! and Fancy David courting Emily! These

two constructions may be used indifferently, but sometimes there is a slight

difference in meaning: in the first example the action (the verbal element of

the construction) is emphasized, whereas in the second the doer of the action

(the nominal element of the construction) is emphasized.
Occasionally examples are found where the nominal element of the construction is expressed by a pronoun in the objective case.
I hope you will forgive me disturbing you. (DuManrier)

Надеюсь, вы простите меня за то, что я вас побеспокоил.
There are cases when the nominal element of the construction, though denoting a living being, cannot be expressed by a noun in the possessive case, but only by a noun in the common case, namely when it consists of two or more nouns or when it is a noun modified by an attribute in post-position.
I object to Mary and Jane going out on such a windy day. He felt no

uneasiness now in the thought of the brother and sister being alone together.

(Eliot)

Его теперь не смущала мысль о том, что брат и сестра остались вдвоем.

Did you ever hear of a man of sense rejecting such an offer?

Слышали ли вы когда-нибудь, чтобы разумный человек отказался от

такого предложения?
2. If the nominal element of the construction denotes a lifeless thing, it is expressed by a noun in the common case (such nouns, as a rule, are not used in the genitive case) or by a possessive pronoun.
I said something about my clock being slow. (DuMaurier)

Я сказала, что мои часы отстают.

...Peggotty spoke of... my room, and of its being ready for me. (Dickens)

...Пеготти говорила... о моей комнате и о том, что она уже приготовлена

для меня.
3. The nominal element of the construction can also be expressed by a pronoun which has no case distinctions., such as all, this, that, both, each, something.
I insist on both of them coming in time.

Я требую, чтобы они оба пришли вовремя.

Again Michael... was conscious of something deep and private stirring

within himself. (Galsworthy)

Майкл опять почувствовал, что в его душе шевельнулось что-то

глубокое и затаенное.
N o t e. — Some grammarians recognize the existence of two separate

constructions: the gerundial construction (a construction whose nominal

element is expressed by a noun in the genitive case or by a possessive

pronoun) and a construction with a half gerund (a construction whose nominal

element is expressed by a noun in the common case, a pronoun in the

objective case, or a pronoun which has no case distinctions).
A gerundial construction is nearly always rendered in Russian by a subordinate clause, generally introduced by то, что; тем, что; как, etc.
His being a foreigner, an ex-enemy was bad enough. (Aldington)

To, что он был, иностранец, бывший неприятель, было уже плохо.

Her thoughts were interrupted at last, by the door opening gently. (Reade)

Ее мысли были, наконец, прерваны тем, что дверь тихонько

открылась.

I began to picture to myself... my being found dead in a day or two, under

some hedge. (Dickens)

Я начал представлять себе, как через день или два меня найдут

мертвым под каким-нибудь забором.
§ 21. The use of the gerund.

In Modern English the gerund is widely used and often competes with the infinitive.

In the following cases only the gerund is used:

1. With the verbs and verbal phrases: to avoid, to burst out, to deny, to enjoy, to excuse, to fancy (in imperative sentences as an exclamation of surprise), to finish, to forgive, to give up, to go on, to keep (on), to leave off, to mind (in negative and interrogative sentences), to postpone, to put off, cannot help, and some others.
He avoided looking at Savina. (Wilson)

Он избегал смотреть на Сабину.

...she burst out crying. (Collins)

Она расплакалась.

We all burst out laughing. (Braine)

Мы все рассмеялись.

She denied having been at the station that evening. (Gaskell)

Она отрицала, что была в тот вечер на станции.

...he enjoyed thinking of her as his future wife. (Eliot)

...ему доставляло удовольствие думать о ней как о своей будущей жене.

Excuse my leaving you in the dark a moment. (Dickens)

Извините, что я на минуту оставлю вас в темноте.

Fancy finding you here at such an hour! (Hardy)

Я даже и представить себе не мог, что застану вас здесь в такое время!

Forgivemy speaking plainly. (Hardy)

Простите, что я говорю так прямо.

When the Committee had finished deciding on its politics, he had gone

home. (Heym)

Когда комитет кончил разрабатывать свой план действий, он пошел

домой.

Willoughby gave up singing and looked at Karen and Yates from under

drooping eyelids. (Heym)

Уиллоуби перестал петь и исподлобья посмотрел на Карен и Йейтса.

They went on talking. (Hardy)

Они продолжали разговаривать.

Doctor keeps coming and having a look at me. (Priestley)

Доктор продолжает (не перестает) навещать меня и осматривать.

It was quite rough; but I kept on rowing. (Hemingway)

Озеро было неспокойно, но я продолжал (не переставал) грести.

I have left off shooting. (Eliot)

Я перестал охотиться.

Do you mindmy asking you one or two more questions? (Collins)

Вы ничего не имеете против того, чтобы я задал вам еще один-два вопроса?

Would you mind waiting a week or two? (Dreiser)

Вы ничего не имеете против того, чтобы подождать недельку-другую?

I don’t mind going and seeing her. (Hardy)

Я ничего не имею против того, чтобы навестить ее.

We could put off going over the house. (Eliot)

Мы могли бы отложить осмотр дома.

She couldn’t help smiling. (Mansfield)

Она не могла не улыбнуться.
2. With the following verbs and verbal phrases used with a preposition: to accuse of, to agree to, to approve of, to complain of, to depend on, to feel like, to insist on, to look like, to object to, to persist in, to prevent from, to rely on, to speak of, to succeed in, to suspect of, to thank for, to think of, to give up the idea of, to look forward to, not to like the idea of, to miss an (the) opportunity of and some others.
They accuseme of having dealt with the Germans. (Heym)

Меня обвиняют в том, что я имел дело с немцами.

It was clear now... that Abraham never had agreed totheir being married to-

day. (Stone)

Теперь было ясно, что Авраам никогда не соглашался на то, чтобы они

поженились сегодня.

You did not approve ofmy playing at roulette. (Eliot)

Вы не одобряли того, что я играла в рулетку.

All the happiness of my life depends onyour loving me. (Eliot)

Все счастье моей жизни зависит от того, полюбите ли вы меня.

I don’t feel like going out. (Wilson)

Мне не хочется выходить.

I don’t want to bore you with all this, but I feel like talking. (Priestley)

Я не хочу надоедать вам всем этим, но мне хочется поговорить.

I insist on being treated with a certain consideration. (Shaw)

Я настаиваю на том, чтобы ко мне относились внимательнее.

It looks like raining.

Похоже, Что будет дождь.

I object tohis having any acquaintance at all with my sister. (Dickens)

Я против того, чтобы он был знаком с моей сестрой.

I rushed out to preventher from seeing this dreadful sight. (ConanDoyle)

Я выбежал, чтобы не дать ей увидеть это ужасное зрелище.

...you may rely onmy setting matters right. (Collins)

...вы можете рассчитывать на то, что я все улажу.

My medical adviser succeeded in saving my life... (Collins)

Моему врачу удалось спасти мне жизнь...

You suspectme of stealing your diamond. (Collins)

Вы подозреваете меня в том, что я украл ваш брильянт.

I resolved not to think of going abroad any more. (Defoe)

Я решил больше не думать о путешествиях.

I really thankyou heartily for taking all this trouble. (Hardy)

Я сердечно благодарен вам за то, что вы взяли на себя все эти заботы.

So he returned his straitened means to his pocket and gave up the idea of

trying to buy the boys. (Twain)

Он снова убрал свое жалкое состояние в карман и отказался от

намерения постараться подкупить мальчиков.

I think everybody looked forward to his coming back. (Maugham)

Я думаю, все с нетерпением ждали того момента, когда он вернется.

Не did not like the idea of being hunted down by Butler. (Dreiser)

Ему не улыбалась мысль, что Батлер будет его преследовать.

Don’t miss the opportunity of hearing this pianist.

He упустите случая послушать этого пианиста.
3 With the following predicative word-groups (with, or without a preposition): to be aware of, to be busy in, to be capable of, to be fond of, to be guilty of, to be indignant at, to be pleased (displeased) at,¹ to be proud of, to be sure of, to be surprised (astonished) at, to be worth (while), and some others.
¹ If the word-group to be pleased (displeased) is followed by a noun or pronoun the preposition with is used;

I am pleased with you (with your paper).
Sir Pitt Crawley was not aware ofBecky’s having married Rawdon.

Сэр Питт Кроули не знал, что Бекки вышла замуж за Родона.

I feltphysically incapable of remaining still in any one place and morally

incapable of speaking to any one human being. (Collins)

Я чувствовал, что я физически не в состоянии, оставаться на одном

месте и морально не в состоянии говорить с кем бы то ни было.

I amvery fond of being looked at. (Wilde)

Я очень люблю, когда на меня смотрят.

You arereally guilty of having connived with a German officer to help his

escape. (Heym)

Вы действительно виновны в том, что способствовали побегу немецкого

офицера.

Mr. Osborne was indignant athis son’s having disobeyed him. Мистер

Осборн был в негодовании от того, что сын его ослушался.

...she was not pleased at my coming. (Hichens)

...она была недовольна, что я пришел.

Miss Crawley wasgreatly displeased atRawdon’s having married Becky.

Мисс Кроули была очень недовольна, что Родон женился на Бекки.

...nobody knows better than I do that she (Mrs. Copperfield)... is proud of

being so pretty. (Dickens)

...уж я-то знаю: она... гордится тем, что она такая хорошенькая.

Areyou quite sure ofthose words referring to my mother? (Collins)

Вы совершенно уверены, что эти слова относятся к моей матери?

The bridal party was worth seeing. (Eliot)

Свадьбу стоило посмотреть.
§ 22. The gerund and the infinitive.

With a number of verbs and word-groups both the gerund and the infinitive may be used. The most important of them are: to be afraid, to begin, to cease, to continue, can (cannot) afford, to dread, to fear, to forget, to hate, to intend, to like (dislike), to neglect, to prefer, to propose, to remember, to recollect, to start, to stop.
The young man began turning over the pages of a book. (Priestley)

At length she began to speak softly. (Eliot)

She continued standing near the piano. (Eliot)

She continued to look at him... (Dickens)
It is sometimes possible to find a reason for the use of a given form. With some verbs and word-groups, such as to be afraid, to forget, to hate, to like (dislike), to prefer the infinitive is mostly used with reference to a special occasion, the gerund being more appropriate to a general statement.
The child was not afraid of remaining alone, but he was afraid to remain

alone on such a stormy night.

Ребенок (вообще) не боялся оставаться один, но он боялся остаться один

в такую бурную ночь.

I wasalways afraid of losing his goodwill. (Llewellyn)

Я всегда .боялся потерять его расположение.

Gwendolen answered rather pettishly, and her mamma was afraid to say

more. (Eliot)

Гвендолен ответила несколько раздраженно, и ее мать побоялась

продолжать разговор.

Don’t forget shutting the windows when you leave home.

He забывайте закрывать окна, уходя из дома.

Don’t forget to shut the window when you leave home, it is very windy to-

day.

He забудьте закрыть окно, когда будете уходить из дома; сегодня очень

ветрено.

I don’t like interrupting people.

Я не люблю отрывать людей от дела.

I don’t like to interrupt him, he seems very busy.

Мне не хочется мешать ему, он, кажется, очень занят.
With the verb to remember the infinitive usually refers to the future, and the gerund to the past.
I remember seeing the book in many bookshops.

Я помню, что видел эту книгу во многих магазинах.

Remember to buy the book.

He забудьте купить эту книгу.
With the verb to stop the infinitive and the gerund have different syntactical functions.

The gerund forms part of a compound verbal aspect predicate.
They stopped talking when he came in. (Galsworthy)

Когда он вошел, они перестали говорить.
The infinitive has the function of an adverbial modifier of purpose.
She stopped to exchange a few words with a neighbour. (Dickens)

Она остановилась, чтобы поболтать с соседкой.
§ 23. The functions of the gerund in the sentence.

The gerund may be used in various syntactic functions. A single gerund occurs but seldom; in most cases we find a gerundial phrase or a gerundial construction.

1. The gerund as a subject.
Talking mends no holes. (proverb)

Разговоры не помогают в беде.

Waiting for the Professor was a lame excuse for doing nothing. (Heym)

To, что мы ждали профессора, было слабым оправданием тому, что мы

ничего не делали.

My answering in the affirmative gave him great satisfaction. (Dickens)

To, что я ответил утвердительно, было ему очень приятно.
The gerund used as a subject may follow the predicate; in these cases the sentence opens with the introductory it (which serves as an introductory subject) or with the construction there is.
It’s no use talking like that to me. (Shaw)

Бесполезно говорить со мной в таком тоне.

There was no mistaking the expression on her face. (Collins)

Выражения ее лица нельзя было не понять.

N o t e. — There is another view according to which it is the subject and the

rest of the sentence is the predicate.
2. The gerund as a predicative.
The only remedy for such a headache as mine is going to bed. (Collins)

Единственное средство от такой головной боли, как у меня, — это лечь

спать.
3. The gerund as