Антонов О И Английский язык для бизнесменов. Антонов О. И. Английский язык для бизнесмена
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Exercise 1. Change the sentences according to the model. 84 Exercise 2. Change the sentences according to the model Model: We won't introduce a new line of merchandise unless you suggest it. We will introduce a new line of merchandise if you don’t suggest it. 1. Tape recorders are popular unless the price is too high. 2. The consumers will continue to buy unless they don't like the item. 3. The buyer can get installation services unless he wants to pay for it. 4. The salesman will help you unless he is too busy. 5. People won't try a new product unless there is advertising. 6. Customers won't buy the new brand, unless the price is low. 7. They won't raise the price unless it is necessary. Exercise 3. Answer the questions. 1. In what way were the prices charged in this country? 2. What is your idea of the term market price? 3. What type of pricing policy works with the majority of consumer goods? (price-emphasis, price de-emphasis). 4. What is more preferable for you in pricing: low prices with no extra services or high prices with home delivery, repair and other services? 85 5. Why is it soimportant to have loss leader item in a shop? 6. What is off-even pricing made for? 7. How can your pricing policy help to compete with well known products? Exercise 4. Translate into English. 1. Этот магазин предоставляет покупателю выгодные кредитные условия. 2. Товар имеет низкую цену. Она покроет затраты. 3. Эта фирма ведет неразумную ценообразовательную политику. 4. Прежде чем выпускать товар, необходимо тщательно изучить спрос и предложение. 5. Государство устанавливает цены на ряд продуктов. 6. Магазин имеет превосходное место расположения. 7. Супермаркет предоставляет покупателю много дополнительных услуг: доставку товаров на дом, кредит, установку и т.д. 8. Новая марка несомненно привлечет покупателей. 9. Начинайте с низкой цены. 10. Продажа за счет низкой цены действует при продаже товаров народного потребления. Exercise 5. Set your imagination free. You are a journalist and you are to interview the minister of finance about the pricing policy in this country. What questions would you ask him? Grammar Exercises Exercise 1. Make sentences interrogative and negative. Model: They can change your credit terms at once. Can they change your credit terms at once? They can't change your credit terms. 1. They must research supply and demand before they start to produce the new item. 2. The company has to cover the costs by all means. 3. The middlemen may set the new price. 4. They can persue unsound price policies. 5. They must choose another location for their shop. Exercise 2. Choose the necessary modal verb and put it in the sentence. 86 1. Off-even pricing ... undoubtedly produce favorable psychological effect on a consumer. 2. I spoke with the chief. Now you... change the credit terms. 3. They are very talented specialists. I think they ... design the new line very quickly. 4. The situation has changed, so we ... start with specially prices. 5. We... choose price emphasis policy for this item. 87 LESSON 14 COMPUTERS Text The computer industry is one of the largest in western countries and especially in the USA.. It includes companies that manufacture, sell and lease computers, as well as companies that supply products and services for people working with computers. A computer cannot think. A human operatorputs data into the computer and gives instructions. The operator writes instructions which determine the mathematical operations on information.. A computer solves mathematical problems very rapidly. Traditionally, the computer in business is used to process data. This involves different administrative functions such as preparation of payrolls, inventory control in manufacturing, warehousing and distribution operations, customer accounting, billing by banks, insurance companies, public utilities and mass circulation magazines. Now the computer takes on new kinds of jobs. It has become more involved in business operations as an essential tool in making decisions at the highest administrative level. Active Vocabulary to give instructions- давать инструкции to put data- закладывать данные to solve mathematical решать математические problems- задачи to process data- обрабатывать данные preparation of payrolls- подготовка ведомостей inventory control- инвентаризационный контроль warehousing- складирование товаров distribution operations- распределительные операции customer accounting- расчет с клиентом 88 Comprehension Questions 1. What does the computer industry include? 2. In what way does a computer operate? 3. How was the computer traditionally used in business? 4. What new kinds of jobs is the computer taking? Vocabulary Practice Exercise I. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence. 1. Distribution operations, preparation I 1 process data of payroll are ... functions that the I computer performs for business. I 2. Computer is programmed to...fast I 2 lease and accurately. I 3. If a small company cannot afford to I 3 inventory buy a computer, they can ... the I control services of computer. I 4. A programmer feeds the ... into the I 4 processing computer. I 5. Many companies use the computers I 5 administrative for their ... I 6. A computer solves problems by ... I 6 data and information. I instructions Dialogue (Simona and Berg work in a large supermarket. Berg is the Manager and Simona is the Head Buyer.) Berg I'm so glad you had this business trip. I also would have liked to so but it's a problem for me to get away. Tell me everything about your business trip. Simona It was really great, Berg. It was worth looking over the operations of the store. It's very well organized and I believe we should consider adopting some of the methods. Berg Is it really so? Simona Absolutely. Berg, their computer system is remarkable. Berg Can you tell me more about it? 89 Simona Oh, sure. First, they've replaced their cash registers with special terminals. Berg What for? Simona They record on tape the department number, classification of items, amount of sale and name of salesclerk for each sale. Berg Do you think we really need all that information on tape? Simona We put on the same information on our sales checks. Berg Yes, but in cases of exchanges we need to know all that. Simona And for other things too. Berg Well? Simona For inventory control, for example. During the night, the tapes containing the information are fed into the computer. Berg And then what? Simona Every morning the computer prepares reports on the sales of the day before, classified by department and buyer. Berg So, it is possible to have almost instant records. Simona You are right. The inventory is kept up to date automatically. Imagine, how efficient we could be. Berg It is great. But I think with the help of a computer we could offer more personal services to our customers. Simona What do you mean? Berg Having such up-to-date records and complete inventory we could keep records of birthdays and anniversaries and have gift suggestions based on customer records, and a million of other things. Simona Don't hurry. Let's get going on first things first. Active Vocabulary Head Buyer- начальник отдела снабжения магазина to adopt methods- внедрять методы terminal- терминал, вывод, конец, граница to feed the information закладывать информацию в in the computer- компьютер to date- вычислять подсчитывать 90 Vocabulary Practice Exercise I. Change the sentences according to the model. M o d e 1: I was worth looking over the operations of the supermarket. I was worth looking them over. 1. They picked out the new merchandise. 2. They talked over the new software. 3. The manager tried out new sales checks. 4. She filled out the payroll form. 5. They took down the statistical data. 6. She put off her work. 7. He had to look over the new program. Exercise 2. Change the sentence according to the model. Model: The sales are numerous. I can't mention them all. They are too numerous for me to mention. 1. This software is very expensive. The company can't buy it. 2. The results are numerous. They can't remember them all. 3. The computers are complicated. I can't use them. 4. Processing this data is difficult. John can't learn it. 5. I am tired. I can't do the billing right now. 6. I am busy. I can't go on a business trip right now. 7. The data is complicated. I can't explain it. 8. The situation is difficult. We can’t overcome it at once. Exercise 3. Read the text and put 10 questions to it. Lorrain Weller from "Modern English International" warns us. However hard the manufacturers and advertisers of personal computers try to convince1 us of friendliness of their product, it is still a fact that if you want to programme your own computer, you have to learn its language. It doesn't understand yours. This simple fact is the reason why so many home computers are underused2 . It also prevents3 lots of people from buying their own computer. Rather than licking4 your hand the computer quite often bites5. Imagine yourself having a conversation with an English person. You make оnе small grammar mistake, maybe you say have instead of has. It doesn't matter. The person understands your meaning and the conversation continues. This doesn't happen with a computer. If you make even the smallest mistake in its language, the conversation breaks down completely and you have to go back to the beginning. It can be very frustrating6. 91 In the United States, in Japan, in Britain, computer specialists are all trying to develop a computer that will understand human language. 1to convince- убеждать 2to underuse- использовать не на полную мощность 3to prevent- (зд.)останавливать, предотвращать 4to lick- лизать 5to bite- кусать 6frustrating- изнурительный Exercise 4. Translate into English. 1. Некоторые компании не производят и не продают компьютеры, а сдают их в прокат. 2. Программист закладывает данные в компьютер. 3. В бизнесе компьютер используется для обработки данных. 4. Программное обеспечение очень дорого. 5. Компьютер помогает принимать решения на высшем административном уровне. 6. Компьютер используется для осуществления многих административных функций, подготовки ведомостей, инвентаризационного контроля. Exercises 5. a) Make a speech in favour of modern electronic equipment (personal computers, electronic printing aids). Why can't a modern enterprise do without them? b) You are the Head of a firm producing computers. Advertise your product. Grammar Exercise. Transform the sentences from Future Indefinite into Future-in-lhe-PasL Model: The accountant says that she will prepare the financial statement very soon. The accountant said that she would prepare the financial statement very soon. 1. He confesses that their business will fail. 2. The government says that they will increase the taxes. 3. The secretary says that she will get credit reference letter in two days. 4. The lawyer states that the company won't be eligible for a loan. 5. He is sure that he will get a credit. 92 6. They suppose that the new product will be not so expensive. 7. He thinks he will buy the stove in the discount house. 8. He is happy that he will go on this business trip. LESSON 15 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Text The international corporation or global company has its origin. Usually it is the outgrowth of the great trading companies of the 17th and 18th centuries. In 1811 a New York statute said corporations could be created by the riling of documents. After that it became a matter of bureaucratic operations to become a corporation. By 1850 it was a very common thing in the United States and was under general statute in European countries as well. Since that time the corporate movement began. As the jet plane, satellite communications and computers began, it became possible for a company to control business in all the world. The growth of international corporates operations is faster than the economic growth of the industrialized nations. There are some projects which predict that within a generation almost a half of the free words production will be internationalized. This trend for internationalism presupposes some benefits such as new jobs, higher living standards and the closing of the gaps between people – economic, educational and technological. At the same time serious questions can be asked. Is it the most efficient way to use world researches? Can the international corporation be the best force for a better world? Is it politically stronger than government? Can it take care of the self interest and competitiveness on behalf of the greatest good? And in what way can the global company work toward easing the worlds crises - monetary, political, energy and food? Active Vocabulary multinational corporation- международная корпорация global company- международная компания outgrowth- продукт, результат statute- законодательный акт satellite communication- спутниковая связь closing of the gaps- сближение границ jet plane реактивный самолет bureaucratic- бюрократический 94 Vocabulary Practice Comprehension Questions 1. What is the origin of the multinational company? 2. When did the corporate movement begin? 3. Why did it become possible for a company to control enterprises on the other side of the globe? 4. How quickly is internationalism growing? 5. What can internationalism bring? 6. What problems can arise with internationalism? 7. What are your own answers and explanations to this problems? Vocabulary Practice. Exercise 1. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence. 1. All countries must prepare for I 1 internationalized possible energy... in the future and I save fuel. I 2. If you want to form a corporation I 2 statute today you must fulfil... operations. I 3. When one deals with the currency I 3 bureaucratic of another country, it is necessary to I know the current... exchange rate. I 4.... is one factor to influence the I 4 monetary growth of international business. I 5. Some analysts state that most of the I 5 crisis free worlds production will be... I internationalized within a generation. I 6. In 1985 the... said that cooperatives I 6 satellite could be created. I communication 7. International corporation is very I 7 outgrowth often an... of old trading companies. I Dialogue Nick and Ann are having lunch. Nick is an executive in the international computer company. Nick Do you like the idea of talking a month’s trip to 95 Europe and the Far East? Ann What? You are kidding. Nick No. First of all I must say that it's a business trip. The company wants me to visit some of our operations. I should have meetings about the new computer I am developing. They think if we combine expertise we'll advance more quickly. Ann Oh, Nick. It's great. Where are we going to? Nick To nine countries. We have nine development laboratories. In fact, only now I realize how large the company is, a real global company. Ann But the company started here in America. Nick Yes. In this sense, we’re American. Each company has to be incorporated somewhere, here or in Jарan or Canada or India. But our corporation is a real multinational one. Ann What does it mean then? Nick Well, we are in 126 countries and we have there 125000 employees. We do our business in 28 languages and more than 32 currencies. Our plants are situated in 13 countries and we have eight development labs. Ann Now I see. You are multinational. But such industries as shipbuilding, aircraft, automobiles can't survive without selling abroad. Nick Right By the way, do you know that for the last seven years more than half of the corporation's, net income has come from overseas business. We are the part of the world community. Ann It's exciting, isn't it? Nick Yes, now we really саn feel that nations are tied to each other through business operations. This internationalism is our hope for a better world. Ann Well it's time to pack. Nick Later Ann Nick, can you explain me why do you sell a computer to a company in Canada when the company has a plant in Canada? Nick Well, Ann. For example, it's not unusual for a automobile company from Britain to manufacture automobiles in France for sale in Britain with Canadian-made engine, Swiss transmission and German axles. It's international business. Ann But it is so complicated to sell the goods to a foreign company with different currencies and all that. Nick I can tell you how we do. 96 Ann It's very interesting. Nick When we deliver the machine to the shipping company, we receive a bill of lading. It's a receipt from the shipping company and it's also the foreign company's claim to the computer when it gets to England. Ann And what's then? Nick Then we write draft or check which direct the British company to pay a sum in British pounds to a third party in, let's say, 90 days. We call it a "bill of exchange", which includes the rate of exchange at the time and, in addition, the interest. It must be paid in the 90 day extension of credit. Ann That is hard time getting the money, isn't it? Nick No. We take the draft, the bill of lading and other necessary papers to our New York bank. The draft is sold at discount, it means without interest change, for the face value and get dollars. That's the way. Ann Well, but you get your money from the bank. How does the British company pay? Who do they pay? Nick It's quite simple, New York bank sends the documents and the draft to its branch in London or to a British bank. The transaction is finished usually by accepting British pounds into a checking account in a London bank. Ann It seems rather complicating. Nick It only seems so. The US supplied a computer, exported the merchandise and got back a checking account deposit in a London bank, importing claim on British goods and services. Ann Could you have dollars instead? Nick Sure, but in this case we would have reduced the existing British claim on American goods and services. Ann So what? Nick If some nations pile up continuing capital surpluses and other continuing deficits the problem can arise in international economics. Ann I see that I must study the subject thoroughly before we can continue. Nick Yes, may be. Active Vocabulary Expertise- специальные знания, компетентность 97 to advance- продвигаться, двигаться вперед to sell abroad- продавать за границу net income- чистая прибыль; (амер.) доход, подлежащий обложению налогами internationalism- интернационализм transmission- пересылка engine- мотор axle- ось, вал bill of lading- квитанция, регистрирующая отгруженный на судно товар receipt- квитанция claim- требование draft- чек, трата party- (зд.) юридическая сторона extension of credit- продление кредита face value- чистая стоимость branch- филиал, отделение to pile up- накоплять, увеличивать capital surpluses- прибавочный капитал 1. How does this bank deal with different currencies? (Explain) 2. Where will you deliver the computer? (Let me know) 3. When did they order the merchandise? (I don't know) 4. How did they sell the draft at discount? (It's hard to say) 5. How did they get the extension of credit? (Explain) Exercise 3. Answer the questions. 1. Do you have plans for international cooperation for your business? 2. What obstacles are there on the way of development of international cooperation in this country? 3. What branches of business will develop fast in the sphere of international cooperation? 4. Do you think that internationalism will help to solve many social problems? 5. What place do you think this country will take in international economy? Exercise 4. Translate into English. 1. Многие международные корпорации возникли в результате объединения известных компаний. 2. Спутниковая связь способствует развитию международных корпораций. 3. Банк затребовал чеки. 4. Компания просит продления кредита. 5. Обратитесь за кредитом в наш британский филиал. Vocabulary Practice Exercise 1. Use the structure of the model to respond the following sentences. Model: Is it basically a Japanese corporation? (Yes) It's basically a Japanese corporation, isn't it? Is the overseas branch open? (No) The overseas branch isn't open, is it? 1. Are many businessmen piling up capital surpluses? (Yes) 2. Is USSR the part of the Common Market? (No) 3. Is the New York bank accepting Russian roubles? (No) 4. Is Britain one of the Common Market countries? (No) 5. Is the company starting a branch in China? (Yes) 6. Is internationalism a modern trend?, (Yes) 7. Is the subject .clear? (No) . Exercise 2. Change the sentences according to the model Model: Why would you sell automobiles to a company in Japan? (Tell me, please) Tell me, please, why you would sell automobiles to a company in Japan. 98 6. Чистая прибыль от продажи этого товара будет очень высокой. 7. Нам необходимо накопить капитал для реконструкции производства. 8. Британская сторона отвечает за пересылку. . Contents Lesson 1. Types of Proprietorship. 3 Lesson 2. Partnerships 10 Lesson 3. Corporations 17 Lesson 4. The functions of Executive 24 Lesson 5. Line and Staff Positions 32 Lesson 6. Accounting 39 Lesson 7. Corporate Finance. 45 Lesson 8. Banks and Business. 52 Lesson 9. Product Development and Planning 58 Lesson 10.Marketing. 6З Lesson 11. Wholesaling. 69 Lesson 12.Retailing. 75 Lesson 13.Pricing. 81 Lesson 14. Computers. 88 Lesson 15. International Business. 94 Active vocabulary. 100 |