Антонов О И Английский язык для бизнесменов. Антонов О. И. Английский язык для бизнесмена
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«Английский язык для бизнесмена» Антонов О. И. Художник Адагамов Р. Технический редактор Шестернеаа Н. С Корректоры Турмцына ИИ Волкова И f. Сдано» • набор 9.09.91. Подписано • печать 1.11.91. Формат 84 * 108 1 /32. Бумага книжно-журнальная Печать офсетная Печ. л. 3.5. Тираж 50 тыс экэ Цена договорная. Отпечатано с готовых фотоформ о типографии издательства «Пресса» 125865 ГСП. г. Москва, А-137. ул. (Правды». 24. Зак 1168 А72 Антонов О. И. Английский язык для бизнесмена — М.: Информпечать, при участии Верхневолжского Института предпринимательства. 1991. — 112с. Данное учебное пособие предназначено для широкого круга читателей, которым необходимо овладеть навыками делового общения на английском языке. Данное учебное пособие может быть рекомендовано как для групповых занятий под руководством преподавателя, так и в качестве самоучителя. ББК81, 2Англ — 9 П * (с) Антонов О. И., 1991 4602020000-008 11370533 LESSON 1 TYPES OF PROPRIETORSHIP Text A business may be privately owned in three different forms. These forms are the sole proprietorship, the partnership and the corporation. The sole proprietorship is the most common in many western countries. For example, more than 80 per cent of all businesses in the United States are sole proprietorships. But it is evident that sole proprietorships do not do the greatest volume of business. They account for only 16 percent of all business receipts, for example, in America. What kind of business is likely to be a sole proprietorship? First of all, service industries such as Laundromats, beauty shops, different repair shops, restaurants. Active Vocabulary business to own sole proprietorship partnership corporation volume receipt service industry to account for repair shop дело владеть частная собственность партнерство корпорация объем, количество денежные поступления сфера обслуживания объяснять, отчитываться мастерская 3 Alice Jim Alice Jim Alice Jim Alice Jim Alice Jim Alice Jim Alice Jim Alice Jim Comprehension Questions 1. What are three different ways that a business can be privately owned? 2. What forms do most European countries have? 3. What forms do the businesses in the USSR have? 4. Name some businesses that are likely to be sole proprietorships. Why do you think so? 5. Name some businesses that are not likely to be sole proprietorship? Why do you think so? Vocabulary Practice Exercise 1. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence . 1 . Small.. .are very often service industries. I 1 receipts 2. The... industries don't produce material I goods. I 2 business 3. More than 80 per cent of all business I ...are not from sole proprietorships. I 3 service 4. Less than 20 per cent of European I businesses are partnerships or... I 4 privately 5. Sole proprietorships...only a small part I of all business receipts. I 5 account 6. Is this bank owned publicly or.. .? I 6 corporation 7. There are three...of business ownership. I 7 forms Dialogue Jim Hi, Alice. How are you getting on? Alice Fine, as usual, thanks, Jim. What about you? Jim I'm O.K. It's nice to see you. Alice You too. I'm glad you are not in a hurry and we have time to talk today. Jim Sure. Alice Can you give me a piece of advice? Jim Well, I'll try if I can. Alice You know I've been always good at cooking. It interests me. I am thinking of starting my own business - cafe. Jim It might be a good idea. I guess I must learn about the responsibilities of going into business. Alice Jim Alise Jim Alise Jim Alise Jim Are you going into this business by yourself? Exactly. I'd like to have a cafe with my name on it where I make the decisions and where I control the profits. You seem to be resolute so I'll try to help you. If you go into business alone, it is called sole proprietorship. In such case you needn't consult a lawyer to form the business. You can start or you can stop your business whenever you like. It sounds encouraging. What else can you tell me? There is no need to consult partners or a board of directors. So you can put your policies into effect quickly. You decide on your vocation, hours, salary, hiring and firing. Well, that's not bad. Wait a moment. I believe I have to tell you about the risk involved. What do you mean? Alice Jim Alise Jim Alise Jim Alise Jim Alise First of all, the most important risk is that you have unlimited liability. It means that you are responsible for all your business debts. So if the business fails, I have to declare personal bankruptcy, don't I? That's what I mean. You can lose your personal assets. Well, it's rather disappointing. What other things should I know? You won't get tax benefits which partnerships or corporations can get. I know about it. By the way do you know of a good accountant to do my taxes? Of course. You'll also have to hire a good bookkeeper if you can't do your books yourself. I can't say anything definite about that. I have to think it over. What else, Jim? Well, I am a bit hungry, why don't we have a snack together and discuss the things in the cafe. You are right as usual. Let's go. piece of advice can you give me a piece of advice I am thinking of starting my own business responsibility to make decisions to control the profits sole proprietorship to need a lawyer it sounds encouraging to consult partners a board of directors to put policies into effect quickly to hire to fire to decide on vacation, hours, salary, hiring and firing Active Vocabulary совет не могли бы вы дать мне совет я думаю о том, чтобы начать свое дело ответственность принимать решения контролировать прибыль частная собственность нуждаться в юристе это вдохновляет (звучит вдохновляюще) консультироваться с партнерами совет директоров быстро достичь хороших результатов нанимать увольнять решать вопросы, связанные с отпуском, продолжительностью рабочего дня, зарплатой, наймом to have, unlimited liability увольнением иметь неограниченную юридическую ответственность to be responsible for all business debts to fail to declare personal bankruptcy personal assets tax benefits to get tax benefits accountant book-keeper to do books нести ответственность за производственные долги терпеть неудачу объявить личное банкротство личная собственность льготы по налогообложению получить льготы по налогообложению бухгалтер, счетовод бухгалтер, счетовод вести бухгалтерский учет Vocabulary Exercises Exercise 1. Transform the sentences according to the model M о d e l: -I am thinking of starting my own business open a cafe. I am thinking of opening a cafe. 1) start a car-repair shop 2) hire a book keeper 3) fire an employee 4) consult a board of directors 5) sell my business 6) do my books myself 7) consult a lawyer 8) find a specialists Exercise 2. Transform the sentences according to the model Model: A book keeper will do the books. I am going to have a book keeper do the books. 1. A partner will finance the business. 2. A salesperson will sell the clothes. 3. A decorator will design the interier. 4. A lawyer will do this work. 5. A secretary will mail the letters. 6. A colleague will give me a piece of advice. 7. A book keeper will prepare the tax report. Exercise 3. Answer the questions. 1. Are you thinking of starting your own business? 2. What business do you want to start? 3. How do we call the business if you go into it alone? 4. Who is going to make the decisions and control the profits in your business? 5. Do you need a lawyer if you want to start a sole proprietorship? 6. Why don't you have to consult the partners in a sole proprietorship? 7. How many employees are you going to hire for your business? In what cases will you fire them? 8. What does it mean to have unlimited liability? Are you ready for it? 9. What will you do, if your business fails? d) Are the partners responsible for the business debts or fulfillment of the arrangement? 1) I want to go into business with my friend. 2) You can lose personal assets. 3) It is difficult to get tax benefits from the state. 4) I do my books myself. 5) We both have unlimited liability. 6) The board of directors decided on vacation, salary, hiring and firing. 7) The partners want to consult a board of directors. 10. What will you do to put policies into effect quickly? 11. What businesses have tax benefits in this country? 12. Can you do your books yourself? 13. Are you going to hire a book-keeper? Exercise 4. Translate into English. 1. Мне нужен совет. 2.Я сам контролирую прибыль своего предприятия. 3.Если вы хотите заняться частным предпринимательством, обратитесь к юристу. 4Директор решает вопросы, связанные с наймом и увольнением. 5.Я боюсь иметь полную юридическую ответственность. 6. Л не отвечаю за производственные долги. 7.Малые предприятия имеют льготы по налогообложению. 8.Хороший бухгалтер сможет вести дела лучше, чем вы. 9.Мне нужно нанять бухгалтера. 10. Мне нужно проконсультироваться с юристом. Exercise 5. Make up the dialogue. You are going to start your own business. Ask a lawyer or an experienced person how to do it. Grammar Exercises Exercise 1. Make the sentences negative. 1. I want to start my own business. 2. You need a lawyer in this case. 3. Sole proprietorship brings much profit. 4. Sole proprietorship gets tax benefits from the government Exercise 2. Put up four questions of different types (general, special, disjunctive, alternative) to each sentence. Model: The partners are responsible for business debts. a) Are the partners responsible for business debts? b) Why are the partners responsible for business debts? c) The partners are responsible for the business debts, aren't they? LESSON 2 partnerships Text A partnership is an association of two or more persons to carry on a business for profit. When the owners of the partnership have unlimited liability they are called general partners. If partners have limited liability they are "limited partners". There may be a silent partner as well - a person who is known to the public as a member of the firm but without authority in management. The reverse of the silent partner is the secret partner - a person who takes part in management but who is not known to the public._ Any business may have the form of the partnership, for example, in such professional fields as medicine, law, accounting, insurance and stockbrokerage. Limited partnerships are a common form of ownership in real estate, oil prospecting, quarrying industries, etc. Partnerships have more advantages than sole proprietorships if one needs a big capital or diversified management. Like sole proprietorship they are easy to form and often get tax benefits from the government. Partnerships have certain disadvantages too. One is unlimited liability. It means that each partner is responsible for all debts and is legally responsible for the whole business. Another disadvantage is that partners may disagree with each other. Active Vocabulary партнерство вести дело прибыль partnership to carry on a business profit 10 general partner общий партнер (несущий полную юридическую ответственность за дело) limited partner партнер с ограниченной юридической ответственностью silent partner secret partner партнер без права голоса секретный партнер (с правом голоса, но неизвестный общественности как партнер) law insurance stockbrokerage real estate oil prospecting quarrying industries advantage disadvantage to be legally responsible зд. юриспруденция страхование биржевое маклерство недвижимость добыча нефти добывающие промышленности преимущество недостаток быть юридически ответственным Comprehension Questions 1. What is the difference between a general partnership and a limited partnership? 2. Is there any difference between a silent partner and a secret partner? What is this difference? 3. In what professional fields are the partnerships found? 4. In what businesses is the partnership a common form? 5. What are the advantages of a partnership? 6. Discuss the disadvantages of a partnership. Would you prefer partnership or sole proprietorship for business? Give your reasons. Vocabulary Practice Exercise 1. Select the necessary word in the sentence. 1. Partnership very often receive... I 11 I 1 secret partner, I 2 unlimited I liability I I I 3real estate I I 4 general partner I I 5 advantage I 6 profit I 7 capital I I 8 management I I 9 tax benefits from the government. 2. Limited partnership isa common form of ownership in... 3. Partnerships have many..., one is that they receive tax benefits from the government. 4...are the partners with unlimited liability. 5....has the authority in management but he is not known to public. 6. A secret partner takes part in... 7. General partners have... 8. One advantage of a partnership is that it offers a multiple source of... 9. A partnership can bring much... to the partners. Dialogue (Two friends Susan and Maurice; are having supper in a restaurant) Maurice Haven't seen you for a long time. What have you been busy with? Susan I've been pretty busy. Do you know my friend Nora? I went into business with her. Maurice Really? How is it going on? Susan Fine; thanks. We get along very well, and the shop is attracting more and more customers. Maurice It sounds well. How many partners are there in your business? Susan There are two of us and I am very pleased about it. I've made a right choice. Nora's background is in accounting. She is very good at keeping the books. Maurice And you? Susan You know I always liked talking. I guess I am rather good with customers. I enjoy selling things. Maurice Well, it sounds interesting. I believe you don't run a risk in your business. Susan We haven't had many problems, although I suppose all business can be risky. As partners we are both liable. 12 Maurice Did you both put the same amount of money into your business? Do you mind my asking? Susan No, we didn't invest the same amount of capital. But I think we've combined our resources very well: I think it's good for both of us. Maurice It seems really so. That is one advantage of general partnership. You can invest less capital than your partner - even no money at all. But you as a partner can contribute important services or skills, sometimes just a name or a reputation. Susan Indeed. Maurice How did you arrange to distribute profits and losses? Susan We share them equally. We hope to be in business for a long time. Maurice Nice for you. Now you seem to know a lot about business. Susan Not everything yet but the subject becomes quite technical. Maurice I am glad to hear it. It's lime to go now. See you later. Bye. заниматься чем-либо заниматься бизнесом ладить друг с другом привлекать покупателей сделать правильный выбор зд. рабочий опыт бухгалтерский учет рисковать нести юридическую ответственность сумма (количество) денег вложить сумму денег в бизнес комбинировать ресурсы преимущество делать вклад, содействовать умениям и навыкам распределять доходы и убытки Active Vocabulary to be busy with to go into business to get along well to attract customers to make a right choice background accounting to run a risk to be liable amount of money to put an amount of money into business to combine resources advantage to contribute services, skills to distribute profits and losses |