Антонов О И Английский язык для бизнесменов. Антонов О. И. Английский язык для бизнесмена
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Exercise 4. Translate from Russian into English. 1. Наше предприятие нуждается в денежных фондах для покупки оборудования. 2. Я предпочитаю акционерный способ образования денежного фонда предприятия. Он привлекает большее количество капитала. 3. Акции и облигации могут быть переуступлены, куплены, проданы. 4. Я хочу купить десятипроцентные облигации. 5. Мы намерены выплатить все долги к началу финансового года. 49 6. Ты получишь хорошую прибыль при продаже этих товаров. 7. Он является совладельцем компании SONY. 8. Покупка акций этой компании - хороший долгосрочный вклад. 9. Если речь идет о моих деньгах, я изучу годовой отчет компании. 4. The shop was attracting many customers, when it was supplied by famous companies. 5. They were investing money in this business for two years. Grammar Exercises Exercise 1. Make the sentences negative. Model: This bank was making loans to corporations during two months last year. This bank wasn't making loans to corporations during two months last year. 1. They were discussing the possibility of the purchase of inventory from 5 till 6 p.m. yesterday. 2. He was running the corporation during two months. 3. During our last classes the lecturer was speaking about equity funding. 4. Our accountant was calculating assets liabilities and net worth two days before yesterday. 5. They were electing the new Boad of Directors for two bours at their annual meeting. Exercise 2. Put up four questions of different types (general, special, disjunctive, alternative) to each sentence. Model: The company was doing extremely well when he was the manager. 1. Was the company doing extremely well when he was the manager? 2. When was the company doing extremely well? 3. The company was doing extremely well when he was the manager, wasn't it? 4. Was the company doing well or badly when he was the manager of the company? 1. I was examining the Annual Report when Mr. Stevenson called on me. 2. She was making a profit on the sale of the goods till she could get them. 3. He was holding a position of a stockbroker when I met him last year. 50 lessons BANKS AND BUSINESS Text Banks are different in different countries. Let’ s speak about the banks in the United States of America. There, commercial banks are classified into two main groups. First, there are national banks. They are charted and supervised by the Federal Government. Secondly, there are state banks. They are charted and supervised by the state in which they are operating All commercial banks can make loans to borrowers. Major commercial banks in such cities as Tokyo, Paris, Rio cooperate with each other. In this way they finance imports and exports between countries. An importer buys merchandise from another country using the currency of that country. For that purpose he buys this currency from the foreign exchange department of his bank. And in the same way if an exporter receives foreign money from sales to other countries, he sells this currency to his bank. By this method the currency of any country can usually be exchanged. Active Vocabulary commercial bank- коммерческий банк, national bank- национальный банк to charter- учреждать, создавать to supervise- заведовать, контролировать state bank- государственный банк merchandise- товары currency- валюта, деньги foreign exchange department- отдел обмена валюты to exchange currency- обменивать валюту 52 Comprehension Questions 1. What do all commercial banks do? 2. What kinds of commercial banks in the USA do you know? What are they called? 3. Who supervises the operations of national bank? 4. What kind of currency does an importer generally use en he buys goods from another country? 5. What do you know about the "international exchange"? 6. What is the currency of this country called? 7. What is the exchange rate between your currency and the icy of the USA and Germany? How can you find it out if don't know it? Vocabulary Practice Exercise 1. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence. 1. Federal government..... and..... all I 1 merchandise national banks. I 2 currency 2. International cooperation between I banks makes it possible..... imports and I exports. I 3 commercial 3. It is possible to convert American I dollars to Swiss francs in..... department. I 4 foreign exchange 4. The..... of Germany is the mark. I 5 to finance 5. All..... banks make loans to borrowers. I 6 to supervise 6. If the importer buys..... from another I country he will pay for it in the currency I of this country. I 7 to charter Dialogue (A banker's office in New York City. Mr. Smith, a Vice President, is speaking to Bill Wilson). Smith O.K. Bill. As a secretary you ought to know certain things about banking Bill That's what I want. I hope to make my career in banking. Smith And what bank services are you familiar with? Bill Oh, let me see. I am familiar with checking and savings accounts, safety deposit boxes, insurance 53 and things like that. Smith It is something. Bill But I don't have a clear idea of the services which banks offer to business. Smith O.K. Let's discuss it then. In fact it is more directly concerned with what passes over my desk. Bill I think businesses come to the banks for loans. Smith You are right. Banks make loans to corporations, to organizations, individuals and to small companies. For this service, we always charge interest. Bill But how can a bank decide whether a business should receive a loan. Smith First of all we request a financial statement. It shows what the company has in inventory, accounts receivable and other assets and liabilities. Profit and loss statement shows the company's income and expenses. Bill In other words you look over the financial situation of a business. Smith Exactly. If the company is eligible for a loan, it may choose a long-term loan or a short-term loan. Bill I see. And how much interest does the bank charge on these loans? Smith It can be different. We have so-called prime-rate, that is the lowest interest rate available at the particular time. Only preferred customers can have it. Bill Who decides on prime-rate then? Smith Major lending banks do. Bill Oh, I must know that. And very often I hear the term "a line of credit". I have a vague idea what it is. Smith A line of credit is the maximum amount of money that a company can borrow from a bank. This top amount of customer's credit is based on the profits and earnings of a business. Bill Well. Then it is very important to have a good line of credit, isn't it? Smith Sure. A bank also issues letters of credit. Such letter says that its holder can borrow up a certain sum of money. Or a bank can also issue a letter of credit for a person who goes to the other country where another bank is involved. Then there is the credit reference letter which recommends a company to its suppliers, and well -I could go on all morning. Bill Thank you. It's very useful information. 54 Smith O.K. We can pass on to a more complicated subject. That is tax service. Active Vocabulary banking- банковское дело to make a career in smth.- сделать карьеру в чем-либо bank services- банковские услуги checking account- чековый счет savings account- сберегательный счет с установленным процентом safety deposit box- сейф для депозитов, предоставляемый частным лицам в банке insurance- страхование to make a loan to smb.- давать заем кому-либо to be eligible for a loan- подходящий для займа (т.е. признаваемый платежеспособным) long-term loan- долгосрочный заем short-term loan- краткосрочный заем prime-rate- наименьший процент со ссуды, установленный в определенное время и в определенном месте preferred customer- привилегированный клиент to be available- наличный, имеющийся в распоряжении line of credit- кредитный лимит to borrow- занимать letter of credit- кредитное письмо, аккредитив credit reference letter- рекомендательное кредитное письмо Vocabulary Exercises Exercise 1. Change the sentences according to the model. Model: We use the safety deposit boxes (sometimes). We sometimes use the safety deposit boxes. 1. All the banks provide credit services (usually). 2. Banks give investment advice (sometimes). 3. Banks charge interest (always). 4. You can borrow money quickly (rarely). 5. Businesses want to borrow money (frequently). 55 6. The amount of interest depends on the prime-rate (generally). 7. Companies need a line of credit (seldom). 8. A line of credit is available (occasionally). Exercise 2. Change the sentences from active into passive according to the model Model: They use the safety deposit boxes very often. Safety deposit boxes are used very often by them. 1. Federal government supervises and charters national banks; 2. This bank is asking ten percent interest. 3. The bank requests a financial statement of the company. 4. Their company takes a long-term loan from the Federal Bank. 5. The executive shows the company's expenses. 6. The manager is instructing the secretary. Exercise 3. Answer the questions. 1. Is there a difference between banking systems in the USSR and western countries? What is the difference? 2. What bank services are you familiar with? 3. Do the banks in this country have safety deposit boxes? 4. Whom do the banks make loans to in this country? 5. What kind of loan would you prefer, long-term loan or short-term loan? 6. What prime-rates are available in this country? 7. What does the line of credit of the enterprise depend on? 8. What is a credit letter written for? 9. What can one do with credit reference fetter? Exercise 4. 1. Speak about banking system in the USSR. 2. Make up a dialogue between a bankman and a customer, who wants to take a long-term (short-term) loan. Exercise 5. Translate into English. 1. Государство учреждает коммерческие банки. 2. Если ты хочешь купить товары за границей, ты должен поменять деньги в отделе обмена валюты. 3. Я бы хотел сделать карьеру в банковском деле. 4. Все банки устанавливают проценты на ссуду. 5. Наш банк намерен предоставить краткосрочную ссуду этому предприятию. 6. Наименьший процент со ссуды предоставляется привилегированным клиентам. 56 7. Банки могут выпускать аккредитивы и рекомендательные кредитные письма. 8. Я намерен занять крупную сумму денег. 9. Банк считает, что это предприятие платежеспособно и ему можно предоставить заем. Grammar Exercises Exercise 1. Make the sentences negative. Model: This commercial bank had already stopped to exist when the war started. This commercial bank hadn't stopped to exist yet when the war started. 1. He had already changed currency when I rang him up yesterday. 2. They had already chartered the commercial bank when I organized my private cafe. 3. He had looked over the financial statement by five o'clock yesterday. 4. My brother had made a career in banking when he was 26. 5. He had put all his money on his savings account before the money reform was introduced. Exercise 2. Put up four questions of different types (general, special, disjunctive, alternative) to each sentence. Mode 1: They had written a credit reference letter before lie left abroad. 1. Had they written a credit reference letter before he left abroad? 2. What had they written before he left abroad? 3. They had written a credit reference letter before he left abroad, hadn't they? 4. Had they written a credit reference letter or a credit letter before he left abroad? 1. He had been a preferred customer for this bank till his business was successful. 2. My parents had settled everything connected with insurance before they retired on pension. 3. He had borrowed the money before I managed to find him. 4. The lawyer had given me investment advice before I asked him about it. 5. He had arrived to the conclusion to take a long-term loan when I met him yesterday. 57 LESSON 9 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT and PLANNING Text The number of new products coming into the market of western countries every year is overwhelming. The major part of these products is not new, but adaptations. It means that these products are not new, they are existing items to which a modification has been made. Only few products are really original or innovations. For instance a clock-television is an adaptation, but TV-set itself, the refrigerator - each was an innovation. A great number of innovations and adaptations are designed, produced and marketed by small businesses. Very often a new product is formed on the basis of the new business. Sometimes there is a patent to make the business more successful. But it happens very often that market research hasn't been done carefully. Even in case larger scale producers do more research and testing there is no sure success. A promising new product may be also robbed of success by unreasonable prices, inadequate promotion and poor selling methods. Generally less than one fifth of all new products turn out to be profitable. Active Vocabulary product development- развитие производства adaptation- что-либо переделанное, приспособленное modification- модификация, видоизменение innovation- нововведение, новшество patent- патент large scale producer- крупный производитель promising product- перспективный продукт unreasonable price- неразумная цена inadequate- не соответствующий требованиям 58 Comprehension Questions 1. How can you explain the еerm adaptation? 2. What is an innovation? 3. Give your own examples of innovations and adaptations. 4. Why are many innovations and adaptations manufactured and marketed by small businesses? 5. Why is it so important to obtain a patent? 6. Why does the failure of a new product take place? Vocabulary Practice Exercise 1. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence.. 1.Though market research tries to predict I 1 adaptation the trends, there is no sure... I 2. This product isn't original, it is an... I 2 innovation 3. ... office receives applications from I many young inventors. I 3 inadequate 4. If the price is..., the product won't be I sold out.. I 4 patent 5. A clock-television is an adaptation but I the television itself is an... I 5 failure 6. If a sure... is stopped, money and time I can be saved. I 6 success 7. They failed because of... promotion I campaign. I 7 unreasonable Dialogue (Dick and Jack are having lunch. Dick is Vice President in charge of Product Development. And Jack is Vice President in charge of the Legal Department). Dick How are the things? Jack Great. We are busy with a new line of clock-television. Dick Sounds interesting. Are you going to apply for a patent soon? 59 Jack Yes, we are. We are preparing the necessary papers now. Dick And what did the Market Research say by the way? Jack They think there is fair market for the product at the moment but it will take a few years to catch on. Dick I see. We'll have to turn a good promotional campaign. Jack Without doubt Dick Well, it will be our advantage to have the patent on it as well. You have decided on the size, haven't you? Jack We'll start with a small screen model. It will have a wake-up button and go-to-sleep button with timers Market Research says that the automatic go-to-sleep button may be the bigger selling point. Dick Yes. The idea of a set that turns itself off is great. To tell you the truth I'm always falling asleep in the middle of the show. Now it can be done. Jack Well. In future we'll probably expand the line to include different size screens and colour. Dick That's good. Jack I think we are close to a big success. Dick That is why we must be very careful. Before we begin to market television we must fulfil the most complete testing. Jack You are right Dick What about the pricing? Has it been worked out? Jack Not completely. Market Research Department says we can't have too high price on this kind of item. Dick It's evident we must be very careful. Maybe this time consumers will really surprise us. Jack Let’s hope for the best. Active Vocabulary to apply for a patent- подать заявление на патент fair market- (зд.) благоприятные рыночные условия to cath on- стать модным to be a big selling point- быть притягательным для покупателей to fulfil the testing- завершить исследование to market- продавать 60 Vocabulary Practice Exercise 1. Change the sentences according to the model. M o d e l: We must fulfil complete testing. Complete testing must be fulfilled. 1. They must expand the line. 2. You could apply for a patent. 3. They should_wprkout the details. 4.1 must develop a new trend. 5. We should design a line of clock-television. 6. You should start market research. Exercise 2. Anseer the questions. 1. Why is it so important for a producer to apply for a patent? 2. How much time does it usually take for a new product to catch on? 3. What is a big selling point of the items which you produce? 4. In what way can a consumer surprise the producer? 5. Would you like to produce something original or an adaptation? Explain why. 6. What are the conditions of successful product development? 7. What products are the market conditions fair for in this country? Exercise3. Translate into English. 1. Этот продукт - модификация старого 2. Мелкие производители выпускают большое количество товаров. 3. Вам необходимо получить патент на производство данного товара. 4. Тщательное исследование рынка необходимо, чтобы гарантировать успех. 5. Потребуется пять лет на то, чтобы ваш продукт завоевал признание. 6. Отключающее устройство с таймером - именно то, что привлечет потребителя. 7. Надо завершить все исследования, прежде чем мы начнем продавать наш продукт. 8. Нам необходимо расширить линию. Exercise 4. Speak about product development of your business. Ask your collogue how he would plan product development. 61 |