уч[1].пособие по полиграфии_final. Л. В. Красильникова английский язык для полиграфистов
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6. Complete the following sentences:
7. Translate from Russian into English: Цифровые печатные машины обладают уникальной способностью выполнять операции, которые невозможно воспроизвести в рамках традиционной технологии. В цифровом печатном устройстве при репродуцировании изображение формируется многократно – по количеству необходимых копий. Печатающая поверхность формируется каждый раз для каждой отпечатываемой копии. Это полностью отличает его от традиционного печатного процесса, при котором изображение на печатающей поверхности создается один раз, а копии производятся с данной печатной поверхности. Именно по этой причине цифровая печать обладает меньшей производительностью. Однако уникальность данной технологии заключается в том, что она дает новую возможность: формировать изображение для каждой новой копии. Любая копия на печатной поверхности может подвергаться изменениям. Это открывает новый мир печатных возможностей – печать переменных данных. 8. Correct the jumbled sentences: 1. Digital, is, printing, combination, a, digital, of, imaging, and, press, digital. 2. Most, printers, plateless, can be, to accept, adapted, digital, files, and, computer-to-print, become, system, printing, digital. 3. The, systems, ink-jet, use, jets, of, ink, driven, droplets, by, digital, signals, to print, the, variable, or same, information. 9. Language note. Modals. Modal verbs are a small group of verbs which are used with other verbs to change their meaning in some way. The examples show you some of the ways in which modal verbs can, could, may, might, must, need, ought, shall, should, will, would are commonly used:
10. Write down 10 sentences of your own using modal verbs. Unit EIGHT TEXT 1 PRINT FINISHING PROCESSES Finishing (postpress) is a segment of the print production flow in which the printed product is given its requested features of form and functions. The end products produced in the finishing process are characterized by the design (shape) and the functions that are determined by the information content. The following products are produced in the finishingsector: • Individual sheets (trimmed sheets, cuttings); • Folded sheets (sheets in various sizes that are folded according to a certain, sometimes complicated pattern); • Newspapers (gathered folded sheets); • Booklets (inserted folded sheets with a cover, stitched with wire or thread in the spine, secure binding); • Brochures (single or multi-layer blocks, stitching or perfect binding, cover (mostly made of heavier stock); • Hardcovers (multi-layer block, thread stitching or perfect binding, cover consisting of several parts (usually referred to as a book); • Assortment of sheets (binding technique: mechanical (very often detachable), comb or spiral bindings using metal or plastic); • Packing material (open or closed material, cut to size and formed to hollow bodies during the packaging procedure). Рис. 9 The following operations are carried out in the process sections: 1. Cutting and die-cutting The cuttingprocedure is carried out in several print finishing procedures. The main applications are: • Paper cutting. It also involves cutting piles of print sheets to bookbinding sheets. Paper cutting is also referred to as cutting through; • Cutting webs. Printed paper webs are cut in web presses or in separate reel slitters to part webs (ribbons) or sheets; • Trimming.The three-page trim of books and brochure blocks after block binding is referred to as trimming; • Cutting case material to size. Boards, cardboard sheets, endless cardboard, as well as sheets and webs for book case material are cut to size for book cover production or jackets. Cutting materials to size also takes place within binding, joining additional parts, and packing processes. Die-cutting is a process in which materials are cut in a specific pattern. Normally these products are produced in a closed cutting line. Sometimes open cuts are produced, for instance, to round off corners on book blocks, playing cards, and so on, as well as register punching (index thumb, index sequential, etc.). Perforating, where material is removed, is also referred to as a die-cutting operation. 2. Folding Foldingis the sharp-edged bending of paper webs or sheets under pressure at a prepared or unprepared bending point along a straight line according to specified dimensions and folding layouts. The folding line is referred to as the fold. Folding machines are primarily designed according to two principles of function: • the buckle fold principle; • the knife fold principle, also known as the right-angle fold principle. Buckle Fold Principle. The bookbinding sheet is transported through the upper and lower folding roller into the buckle plate. The sheet bumps against the buckle stop so that due to the movement of the folding roller a buckle is created. The buckle is now taken up by the lower folding rollers. The fold is created between the folding rollers. Knife Fold Principle. The bookbinding sheet is fed between the folding knife and the folding roller. The folding knife adjoins the sheet of the specified folding line between the folding rollers. Between the folding rollers the fold is formed. 3. Forwarding Folded signatures, sheets, or inserts are jointed by bonding means (e.g., glued) or loosely inserted in the folded sheet. The forwarding process is generally followed by gathering into blocks partial products. One possibility to minimize the forwarding process is the integration into earlier (folding) or later (e.g., gathering) processes. This is often the case when pasting cards to magazine sheets and when gluing on end papers for book blocks. Endpapersare vital construction elements for hard covers since the pasting of the book block to the book cover takes place through the endpapers on the first and last signature. Endpapers are folded sheets (in industrial bookbinderies usually quarter sheet) made from particularly bend-resistant papers that are glued with an adhesive strip to the back edge in front of the first text sheet and behind the last text sheet. When connecting block and cover, in each case the outer endpaper is glued across the whole surface onto the case of the book cover. The connection between book block and cover can break easily when no endpapers are used and when the first and last sheet of the book block are glued to the cover. 4. Assembling into books Assemblingis the production of a specific sequence of folded sheets, leafs, or webs into a loosely jointed block. Gathering or inserting into blocks is an assembly processwith the transition into a different processing dimension(folded sheets into one book block). This resultsin organizational, planning, and intermediate storageproblems with a varying number of signatures in consecutive jobs. 5. Blocks binding Blocks bindingis the production of a temporary or permanent connection of the collated book block by positive, non-positive, or bond jointing processes (held together by force, fixing elements or adhesives). Materials and partial products to be processed are: • collated multi-layer blocks and loose-leaf blocks, • inserted single-layer blocks, • folded sheets. Different methods of binding exist. They are: • thread-stitching; • perfect binding; • thread-sealing; • wire-stitching. 6. Trimming Blocks for hardcovers and brochures are cut on one, three (or four) sides to the final format, whereby the closed fold edges on the head, foot, and front side of the block are eliminated, if this is intended for the product. Materials and partial products to be processed are: • bound book blocks; • multi-layer brochures; • back-stitched brochures; • leaf assemblies. 7. Edge treatments on books and brochures The term “edge treatment” summarizes operations carried out on trimmed book blocks or brochures that improve the functionality of the product. In the first place they serve to improve the aesthetic appearance of the overall product. The edge treatment processes are: •Edge staining/coloring (the application of a colorant or a metal foil on one or three cutting surfaces of the book block to improve the aesthetic appearance and/or to protect the block). •Attaching a bookmark (one or more fabric ribbons are glued to the block spine and inserted between the leaves of the blocks). •Rounding spine (bringing the bound sheets or leaves in a position so that the block spine becomes a part of a cylindrical shape). •Adding headbands (adding a thin strip of cotton or silk to top and bottom of the block spine is referred to as headbanding). 8. Case making The term “covering” (or cover) stands for a design element that is a durable integral part of graphic products. They are connected inseparably or separably with a “block.” In contrast to the cover, packaging is solely conceived as protection for the product during dispatch. The purpose of covers is: • protection of the block without fundamentally affecting the usability of the printed contents; • to describe the contents (e.g., title, author, abstract); • as an advertising medium for the book or other products; • as an object of art which represents an aesthetic image in harmony with the internal and external design of a product. 9. Book finishing The book finishing process contains the assembly of partial products (book and brochure blocks, book covers, inserts, jackets), which have been produced separately from one another, into the end product. The process steps are: • joining of book block and cover to a fixed binding; • joining of finished supplement products into cases, blocks, or books; • inserting enclosures; • attaching book jackets. Casing-in is the colloquial description for the adhesive binding of book blocks and book covers. Traditional description: Inserting is the joining of block and cover by adhesive binding of the outermost endpaper and the covers. The casing-in of booksis defined as the adhesive binding of a hardcover to the book block. The outermost endpapers must be glued to the covers (gluing). Adhesive binding of the bound multi-layer brochure block to the cover is described as the casing-in of brochures. Smashing (pressing) describes the stabilization of the adhesive binding through surface pressing after the casing-in operation. Forming a hinge fold. Through a heated shaping tool, the openinghinge of the book block on the cased-in bookcover is shaped such that the book cover can be openedexactly and with minimal actual service conditions. The following operations are carried out with hardcovers and brochures: Inserting inserts(in the inserting inserts operation, pre-finished information or advertising materials areinserted into the bound book. The inserts are positionedbetween the endpapers or placed in defined orundefined points in the book block. Inserting inserts isof particular importance in newspapers and magazines). Jacketing(attaching the cut and folded or creased jacketaround hardcovers or brochures). 10. Packaging Packages have three basic functions to fulfil: • Protective function. The finished printed product should be especially protected from mechanical strain (impacts, pressure), climatic influences (dampness, temperature variations, light), and soiling (dust, grease). • Logistics function. Packages are working means for transportation, trans-shipment, and storing. The shape of the package and the packaging of the transport units have an important influence on the efficiency of shipping. • Information function. Packages must contain information (pictures, text, machine readable data) that serves the purposes of identification, assignment, advertising, and so on. Types of packaging material used are: • plastic films for individual products, product piles, and pallets; • strapping paper for individual products and leaf piles; • collapsible/folding cartons made of corrugated board for product piles. Mailing and distribution are also important postpress operations. ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY Words and Word Combinations
ACTIVITIES 1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian. |