уч[1].пособие по полиграфии_final. Л. В. Красильникова английский язык для полиграфистов
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5. Fill in the gaps using the words of the essential vocabulary:
6. Translate from Russian into English: Используя усовершенствованные печатные формы, новую конструкцию печатных машин, регулируемую подачу краски, анилоксовые валы, специальные компьютерные программы допечатной подготовки, разнообразную рецептуру красок, флексография позволяет воспроизводить сложные изображения на разнообразных предметах. Благодаря способности печатать на небумажных материалах, флексография применяется в основном в производстве упаковки, но и посягает на производство книжной продукции, изготовление вкладок в газеты, публикацию рекламных объявлений. Флексографская печатная машина включает в себя четыре главных элемента: дукторный вал, анилоксовый вал, формный цилиндр, печатный цилиндр. Дукторный вал вращается в красочном корыте и захватывает краску. Далее он перекатывает краску на анилоксовый вал. Анилоксовый вал захватывает краску, наполняя крошечные растровые ячейки, выгравированные на его поверхности. Вместе с анилоксовым валом часто используют ракельный нож, который под острым углом счищает избыток краски с поверхности вала. После этого краска передается на печатную форму, которая закреплена на формном цилиндре при помощи специальной двусторонней липкой ленты. Возвышающаяся часть поверхности формы захватывает краску с анилоксового валика и переносит на запечатываемый материал. Печатный цилиндр прижимает запечатываемый материал к печатной форме и обеспечивает нужный уровень давления для того, чтобы получить четкое изображение на оттиске. 7. Combine the verbs with the prepositions as they were used in the text (mind active or passive voice). Translate the expressions. Give your own examples with phrasal verbs. to print in (3) to make for (2) to achieve on to consist from to turn of to adapt out to used to (2) to produce under to compensate to expand to restrict to apply 8. Match the abbreviation with its meaning:
9. Correct the jumbled sentences:
10. Match the term with the definition:
11. Complete the following sentences:
Unit SIX TEXT SCREEN PRINTING Screen printing is one of the most versatile processes for transferring ink and technical coatings. Its application ranges from artistic applications to the large-scale industrial sector, from single-item production to long print runs. Printing can be done on paper, textiles, ceramics, and plastics, in the form of endless webs and single sheets, and also on objects of the most varying nature and shape, such as glasses, mugs, and control panels. The range of inks is correspondingly varied. Very often special inks are involved that are adapted to the relevant applications. The four-color process typical of publication printing is also used. The appliances, machinery, and systems utilized for screen printing range from the simplest of devices and machines for crafts work to large-scale plants on an industrial production scale. Screen printing is a push-through process, a special type of stencil printing, which means that during the printing process the ink passes through the screen and onto the substrate. The stencil printing processis one of the oldest printing processes. Lettered stencils, stencils for applying embroidered artwork for monograms on laundered items, or for applying text and markers to all types of mailroom packaging have been in common use for a long time and are still in use today. The use of stencils enables a fast application of information in the form of texts, symbols, and pictograms on the most diverse of substrates. The stencil is fastened onto the surface on which printing is to be done, and the ink reaches the desired position through the stencil apertures. The ink can be painted on with a brush or a squeegee, or sprayed on with a spray gun or an airbrush. Stencil printing has one general disadvantage that restricts its use, namely that all parts of the stencil must be connected to each other. This means that with most letters, for example, stabilization gutters are needed to link the inner parts or those parts that might easily snap off to the surrounding material. This disadvantage does not occur with screen printing, where the screen/silk fabric takes on the function of the gutters and thereby places no restrictions on the motif’s design. The ink surrounds the screen mesh and forms closed surfaces between the masking parts of the stencil. The stencil is placed on or within the screen, glued to it, and held in position in that way. Thus the screen is merely a carrier for the stencil. The stencil is the carrier of the printed information. The printing plate is the combination of screen and stencil. This allows virtually complete freedom for designing the motif, right up to halftone printing. It must only be ensured both that the smallest masking reference surfaces of the stencil are still held in the screen fabric and that the smallest openings of the stencil are not closed by screen threads or threads crossing, which would result in the ink transfer being partially prevented or at least impaired. This limits the potential screen definition and range of tone values. The carrier of the printed information, the stencil, is produced in a different way. Production methods vary from extremely simple manual work to the high-tech methods of “computer to screen”. The most commonly used method of plate making for screen printing is currently the application of photomechanical stencil material based on diazo (photopolymer). Printing process The ink is first spread over the plate by a squeegee as evenly as possible and with virtually no pressure. This takes place without contact between screen and substrate. This “flooding” produces a cleaning of the ink residues remaining in and on the plate from the preceding printing processes. The ink is then pressed through the plate and onto the substrate with a higher squeegee pressure. The wetting connection between ink and the surface to be printed is produced by this process, which is followed by the separation of plate and substrate. During this separation the ink is really drawn out of the screen mesh (in a comparable way to the emptying of the gravure printing cells). This process is particularly well-supported by the fact that the screen is not placed directly on the substrate, but rather at a certain distance above it and only comes into contact with the surface to be printed as a result of the squeegee. The screen tension built up in this way leads to the screen withdrawing from the ink adhering to the surface immediately downstream of the squeegee area. Рис.5 Flat-bed Screen Printing (Screen Printing with a Flat Printing Plate) The printing plate, which is typically the screen tensioned on a frame with the stencil fitted on it, and the substrate are on planes parallel to each other. Rotary Screen Printing Development of the rotary screen enabled repeat “flatbed printing” of endless webs for textile, wallpaper, and decorative printing to be replaced by a continuous rotary printing process that is able to print without seams using a corresponding plate. The rotary screen printing plate is open at the ends. The openings in the cylinder enable the insertion of the squeegee and guide it over the printing nip. The ink is pumped into the screen by a tube system on the squeegee holder. Drying Since very thick films of ink are applied in screen printing, the drying process of the most commonly used solvent-based inks requires a relatively long time. Products lying flat, such as posters or clothing, are dried in drying racks and by blowers. Continuous ovens with different hot air blowers and/or radiation sources (with UV light for UV inks) are also used. The potential uses of screen printing are very complex:
Seamless decorations such as textile webs, wallpaper, and other decorative products, as well as labels often require rotary printing combined with reel material. Special machines are designed for this. Rotary screen printing with sheet material is used primarily for higher print runs. ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY Words and Word Combinations
ACTIVITIES 1. Find words and word combinations of the essential vocabulary in the text and translate the sentences they are used in into Russian. 2. Answer the following questions:
3. Match the two halves of the phrases:
4. Use the result expressions in the sentences of your own. 5. Mark the statements as True or False:
6. Fill in the gaps:
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