Методические указания для студентов первого курса всех технических специальностей новосибирск 2008 ббк 81. 432. 1923 а 647
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2. Прослушайте текст “Living at University”(Tapescript 2) ещё раз и скажите, соответствуют ли следующие высказывания содержанию прослушанного текста.1. Most British students choose to go to the university near their home. 2. To study at the university is a time to be independent.
4.20. Выполните следующие контрольные задания: 1. Прослушайте текст “Universities and Colleges” один раз и выберите правильный вариант окончания предложения:
2. Прослушайте текст “Universities and Colleges” ещё раз и заполните пропуски в предложениях.1. There are ----- universities in Britain and ----- colleges of higher education. 2. You are then awarded a Bachelor of -----, Bachelor of -----, Bachelor of -----. 3. The work takes place in tutorials: lessons in groups of ----- or -----. Лексический минимум к модулю “Higher Education” academic year higher school ancient (adj) higher educational institution attend (v) hostel (n) award a degree internal student basic (adj) introduce(v) oneself basis (n) meet (v) be born in members/persons/people in a family be founded in obtain (v) campus (n) pass an exam continue (v) play an important role college (n) polytechnic (n) course (n) private (adj) curriculum (n) (мн.ч. curricula) science (n) do well in scientific (adj) education (n) semester (n) =term (n) educational (adj) specialize (v) elder brother/sister specialist (n) enter a university spend free time external student study (v) faculty (n) take an exam fail an exam teach (v) fee (n) train (v) finish (v) training (n) gain (v) tutor (n) get knowledge tuition (n) get a degree tutorial (n) get a grant younger brother/sister graduate(v) from university graduate(n) Appendix 1 Supplementary Texts Text 1 Cambridge University Cambridge University was founded at the beginning of the 12-th century. Now it consists of about 20 colleges. Each college is mostly independent. The teaching includes lectures organized by the University and tutorials. The system of individual tuition is organized by the colleges. Tutorial system of Cambridge University is famous all over the world. Each student has a tutor who practically guides him during the whole period of study. The tutor plans the student’s work and the student discusses every task with his tutor. After three years of study a student can get a Bachelor’s Degree. If you continue the study you can get a Degree of Master and later a Doctor. There are many rules and traditions in Cambridge University. For example, there still are colleges for men or for women only. The next thing is that students wear gowns* at lectures, in the University library, for dinners in the college and for official visits. The education in Cambridge University is expensive. Some students have grants, for the other students pay their parents. It is interesting that until the 15-th century the history of Cambridge University was not as great as the history of Oxford University. But when Isaac Newton was a professor of mathematics in Cambridge the situation changed. At that time candidates for degree began to take serious exams. Also many laboratories for natural sciences appeared at the end of the 17-th century. For example, Cavendish Laboratory, which is now one of the greatest physical laboratories in the world. Примечание * gown (n) – мантия Text 2 Manchester University The city of Manchester is in northern England. It was a typical city of the Industrial Revolution, which influenced the development of such type of higher schools as Redbrick Universities. So Manchester University was founded in the second half of the 19-th century. It was one of the first Redbrick Universities in England. It is a public university. The University of Manchester was formed on the basis of several higher educational institutions. One of the most important of them is Victoria University of Manchester. Let’s say some words about it. It was founded in 1851.By 1880 it included the number of colleges from Leeds and Liverpool. One of its faculties – the faculty of technology later became fully independent. Now it is the Institute of Science and Technology. Now let’s return to the University of Manchester. The number of its students is over 40 000. They study about 500 academic programs. Students of Manchester University can study more academic subjects than in any other university of Great Britain. The most notable areas of study are engineering, humanities, economics, social sciences. The number of teachers of the university is more than 10 000. It is interesting to say that the University of Manchester gained the title “University of the Year 2006”.According to the quality of teaching the university is on the 5-th place in UK and on the 9-th place in Europe. Text 3 University of London The University of London is a federation of about 44 schools and institutes, which are located primarily in London. The number of students of London University is more than 40 000.A lot of students of the University of London are foreigners. Now we’ll look at the history of the University. It was founded in1836.It was created as the university for middle class students. At first its function was only to provide examinations for the degrees. Then in 1900 it was reconstructed in its present form. A lot of institutions within the County of London now form the University of London. Some of them are large and the others are quite small. The largest institutions which are part of London University are University College and King’s College. It is interesting that the first female students were admitted in London University in 1878. The buildings of colleges of London University are situated in many parts of London. They all are quite independent. The schools, institutes and colleges of the University of London are teaching institutions, which provide the study mainly by means of lectures attended mostly by day students. It is necessary to mention that students who attend the university classes are called “internal students”, and those who only sat for the University examinations are called “external students”. Text 4 Moscow State University One of the oldest Russian institutions of higher education, Moscow University was established in 1755.In 1940 it was named after Academician Mikhail Lomonosov (1711 - 1765), an outstanding Russian scientist, who greatly contributed to the establishment of the university in Moscow. In 1755, on the 25th of January, St. Tatiana's Day, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna signed the decree that a university should be founded in Moscow. According to Lomonosov's plan, there were originally three faculties. First all the students acquired a comprehensive knowledge in the field of science and humanities at the Faculty of Philosophy, then they could specialize and continue at the faculty of philosophy or join either the Law Faculty or The Faculty of Medicine. Lectures were delivered either in Latin, the language of educated people at the time, or in Russian. Originally tuition at Moscow University was free for all students. Now let’s say some words about the present-day university life. The total number of full-time students is more than 40 000. At the beginning of the21st century Moscow University became an international educational centre, with the Faculty for the Russian Language which has been teaching international students since 1959. In June 1992 the President of the Russian Federation issued a decree, which established the status of Moscow University as a self-governing institution of higher education. In November 1998, after a wide-ranging discussion, the Charter of Moscow University was approved. Today Moscow State University comprises 29 faculties and over 350 departments, 15 research institutes, 4 museums, the Science Park, the Botanical Gardens, The Library, the University Publishing House and printing shop, a recreational centre and a boarding school for talented children. 9 faculties have been recently established, along with 47 new departments and 22 research laboratories. Research has recently started in 30 new interdisciplinary areas. At the moment the University Computer Centre represents more computing power than any other educational institution in Russia. There have been major changes in the curricula, with over 200 new academic programmes added. Text 5 Higher Education in the USA There is no national system of higher education in the United States of America. One can get higher education in colleges and universities. There are over 2 100 different higher educational institutions in the USA. The course of study usually lasts 4 years. The academic year is usually 9 months or 2 terms. As a rule, classes begin in September and end in June. It is interesting that the first-year students are called freshmen. Students choose a major subject and take many courses in this subject. After four years, they get a traditional Bachelor’s degree. Then the students may go on to graduate school (старшие курсы) and after a year or two get a Master’s degree. The highest degree is usually Doctor of Philosophy. The student’s progress is evaluated by means of tests, term work and final examinations in each course. Teachers usually give marks on a five point scale, where letters indicate the level of achievement. “A” is the highest mark. The methods of instructions in the universities are lectures, discussions, laboratory and course works or seminars. Most cities have colleges or universities that hold classes at night as well as in daytime. In this way people may work for a degree or just take a course in the subject that interests them. Text 6 Washington University The University of Washington was founded in 1861. It is one of the oldest state-supported institutions of higher education on the Pacific coast. The university includes three campuses: the Seattle campus, the Bothell campus and the Tacoma campus. The academic core of the University of Washington is its College of Arts and Sciences. Washington University offers full-time courses, distance learning, evening-degree courses. Such diversity of forms of study extends educational opportunities to many people. Programs in law, medicine, forest resources, oceanography and fisheries, library science, aeronautics are offered exclusively (in accord with the state law) by the University of Washington. The schools and colleges of agriculture and urban planning, business administration, education, engineering, nursing, pharmacy, public affairs, social work have long tradition of educating students for service to the region and nation. No wonder, that the admition to the University of Washington is highly competitive and the university offers programs and exchanges in over 50 countries of the world. The head of the university is the president of the university. Now the president of the University of Washington is Mark A. Emmert. He believes the role of the administration is to shape the university in such a way that supports the work of the faculty and staff. Since 1974 the University of Washington has been the number one public university in America in receiving federal support for research and training. Private support also helps the university to contribute some programs and researches. Appendix 2 Tapescripts Tapescript 1 to ex. 4.19 “ Living at University” Most British students choose to go to university a long way from their home town: university is seen as a time to be independent, to live away from home and develop new interests. British students do not have to pay to go to university, but they do need money to live away from home while they are studying. Some students whose parents do not earn a lot of money are given a grant (money) from the local education authority. If students do not get a grant, parents are expected to pay for their children. Some students borrow money from the bank which must be paid back after they leave university. In theory, the grant pays for rent, food, books, transport and socializing. In fact, the grant is not a lot of money. Students used to work during the holidays to earn more money, but it is now difficult to find such jobs. The result is that more students are dropping out, failing to finish their courses. Typescript 2 to ex. 4.20 “Universities and Colleges” Most big towns in Britain have both a university and a college of higher education. There are 91 universities in Britain and 47 colleges of higher education. Universities offer three- and four-year degree courses; colleges of higher education offer both two-year HND (Higher National Diploma) courses, as well as degree courses. A degree is the qualification you get from university when you pass your final exams. You are then awarded a BA (Bachelor of Arts), BSc (Bachelor of Science) or BEd (Bachelor of Education). Undergraduates, students who are studying for degree, go to large formal lectures, but most of the work takes place in tutorials: lessons in groups of ten or more when the students discuss their work with the lecturer. Module II Problems of Big Cities Unit I Living in a Big City 1.1. Прочитайте и изучите слова и словосочетания.
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