Методические указания для студентов первого курса всех технических специальностей новосибирск 2008 ббк 81. 432. 1923 а 647
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2.11. Найдите в тексте предложения с вышеперечисленными (в упр. 2.10) глаголами и переведите их. 2.12. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту, обращая внимание на употребление времени (Present Simple или Present Continuous). Дайте краткие и полные ответы. Например: 1. Is he breathing the air? – No, he isn’t. He isn’t breathing the air. или 2. Does he like the air? – No, he doesn’t. He doesn’t like the air. 3. Is he thinking about pollution? 4. Does he think pollution is dangerous? 5. Is he looking at the smoke? 6. Does the smoke look beautiful? 7. Is he smelling the flower? 8. Does the flower smell good? 9. Is he listening for birds? 10. Does he hear any birds? 11. Is he looking for beauty? 12. Does he see any beauty? 2.13. Ответьте вопросы по тексту. 1. Why is the man wearing a gas mask? 2. Why doesn't he like the air? 3. What does he think about pollution? 4. What is he trying to do? 2.14. Составьте предложения из данных слов. Поставьте глаголы в нужной форме, используя Present Simple or Present Continuous.
2.15. Прочитайте и поймите основное содержание текста. Подберите соответствующий заголовок для каждой части текста:
Ecological Problems in Our Cities Modern cities have a lot of environmental problems. The most important of them are litter, air and water pollution. Litter is garbage – like food, paper and cans – on the ground or in the street. Where many people live together, litter is a problem. People don't always put their garbage in the garbage can. It's easier to drop a paper than to find a garbage can for it. But litter is ugly. It makes the city look dirty, and it spoils the view. Litter is a health problem, too. Food and garbage bring animals, which sometimes carry disease. Some people want to control litter. They never throw litter themselves, and sometimes they work together in groups to clean up the city. In most places litter is against the law. The law punishes people who throw garbage on the streets. They usually pay а fine, and sometimes they go to jail. Two famous sayings in the United States are: "Don't be a litter-bug!" and "Every litter bit hurts!" Another big problem is water pollution. Do you like swimming in the sea or drinking a cool glass of water on a hot day? These simple things may soon become a thing of the past. Factories are polluting our rivers and lakes with dangerous chemicals. They can penetrate into drinking water and harm our health too. Air pollution is another important problem. The cars and factories in and around our cities are giving off dangerous fumes. In the past few years more and more people than before have developed allergies and breathing problems. If we don’t do something now, our cities will become impossible to live in. Fortunately, it is not too late to solve these problems. We have the time, the money and even the technology to prepare the way for a better, cleaner and safer life in cities. We can plant trees and create parks. Scientists and engineers should work hard to find ways to decrease the amount of pollution, caused by cars and factories. We can put pressure on those in power to take action. Together we can do a lot. All we need to do is open our eyes and act immediately. Слова к тексту: allergies (n) – аллергия, повышенная чувствительность penetrate (v) – проникать 2.16. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты: a) легче выбросить бумагу, чем найти урну для неё; b) пища и отбросы привлекают животных; с) они никогда не бросают мусор сами; d) мусор является нарушением закона; e) они могут проникнуть в питьевую воду; f) в городах и вокруг них выделяются опасные газы; g) в наших городах невозможно будет жить; h) сажать деревья и создавать парки; i) чтобы найти пути для уменьшения объема загрязнения; j) оказывать давление на тех, кто у власти. 2.17. Найдите в тексте антонимы следующим словам: to improve to do good beautiful safety cleanliness health to award freedom grant fresh air 2.18. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту: A. 1. Do you always throw garbage in the garbage can? 2. Do you usually help to clean up the litter? 3. Does litter always spoil the view? 4. Do litter bugs usually go to jail? 5. Do your friends throw litter on the ground? B. 1. Do you like to swim in clean water of a lake or river? 2. Do you like to drink a cool glass of water on a hot day? 3. Why is water becoming polluted? 4. What should we do to stop or decrease polluting our rivers and lakes? C. 1. Do people suffer from polluted air? 2. What are the sources of air pollution? 3. Can polluted air cause any diseases? 4. What should be done to lessen air pollution? D. 1. What should engineers and scientists do to decrease the amount of pollution? 2. Can we put pressure on our government to take action? 3. What should we do immediately? 2.19. Расскажите об экологических проблемах вашего города (села). Что делается (или не делается) для улучшения ситуации? Что вы можете сделать сами? Лексический минимум к модулю II (Living in a big city)
Appendix 1 Supplementary texts (Living in a big city) TEXT № 1 First Impression Diana Weston from Brooklyn, New York «My first impression of Britain is that people are much more formal. For example, in the States we use first names almost immediately but here I have to be more careful. And British people are generally more polite. A New Yorker says: “Give me the check, will you!” when he finishes a meal but here in Britain they say: “Excuse me. Do you think you could give me the bill?” I don’t find a lot of difference in prices. They’re about the same as in the States. It’s the same with accommodation. I think it’s a bit cheaper in London than in New York but there’s not a lot of difference. One thing is clear, London is not as violent as New York. Some friends of mine who live in the Bronx have four locks on their door became they don’t feel safe even at their homes. I prefer the subway here. It’s cleaner and quieter. On the whole I think London is more polluted than New York. When it comes to work and business, my impression is that the British are much less hardworking than Americans. Sometimes I think the British don’t know what a day’s work means.» Mr Yama from Osaka «The prices here are about the same as in Japan, except for accommodation. In Japan the cost of accommodation is very high, much higher than in Britain. You also get more for your money here. For example, the houses, the flats and the gardens are much bigger. There is more open space here, too. In London there are lots of parks and the city isn’t as polluted as Tokyo. However, I think society here is more violent. You read every day in the newspapers about some violence on the streets. As for the people, I think the British are less formal, not only in the way they behave, but also in the way they dress. People wear much more informal clothes here than in Japan. When it comes to business, the Japanese work longer hours than the British, often twelve hours a day. But the interesting thing is that the British change jobs much more frequently than we do. In Japan you usually stay in the same company for your whole working life.» Слова к тексту: 1. impression (n) [ım´pre∫n] – впечатление 2. formal (adj) [fכ:ml] – официальный, правильный 3. careful (adj) [kεəfl] – внимательный, осторожный 4. price (n) [praıs] – цена 5. about (prep) [ə´baut] – примерно, приблизительно 6. violence (n) [´vaıələns] – насилие, жестокость 7. violent (adj) [´vaıələnt] – жестокий, склонный к насилию 8. a bit [bıt] – немного 9. polite (adj) [pə´laıt] – вежливый 10. Brooklyn, Bronx (n) – Бруклин, Бронкс – районы Нью-Йорка 11. lock (n) [lכk] – замок, запор 12. subway (n) [´sbweı] – метро 13. hardworking (adj) [hα:d´wə:kıη] – трудолюбивый 14. except for [ık´sept] – за исключением, кроме того 15. society (n) [sə´saıətı] – общество 16. behave (v) [bı´heıv] – вести себя 17. frequently (adv) [´frı:kwəntlı] – часто 18. attitude (n) [´ætıtju:d] – отношение 19. bill (n) [bıl] – счет Заполните таблицу, используя информацию текста, и сравните впечатления двух людей: в каких областях они имеют одинаковые или различные точки зрения на жизнь в Великобритании.
TEXT № 2  MoscowMoscow is the capital of Russia. It is one of the biggest and most beautiful cities in the world. Moscow is a modern city now. The population of the city is about 9.5 million people. Moscow is a political centre, where the government of our country works. Moscow was founded in 1147 by Yuri Dolgoruky. The total area of Moscow is about nine hundred square kilometres. We say that Moscow is a port of five seas, as the Moscow-Volga Canal links Moscow with the Baltic, White, Caspian and Black seas and the Sea of Azov. Moscow is an industrial centre too. There are many factories and plants in it. One of the best known plants produces many lorries, and the other one produces cars. Moscow is a cultural centre. There are a lot of theatres, museums, institutes, libraries and cinemas in Moscow. The Bolshoi Theatre is one of the most famous theatres all over the world. If you are fond of painting, you can go to the Tretyakov Art Gallery or to the Pushkin Fine Arts Museum and see a lot of interesting portraits and landscapes there. We say the Tretyakov Art Gallery is a treasure-house of Russian art. Young people like to visit the Central Military Museum. There are many tanks, guns and war documents there. One can see the Kremlin and Red Square in the city. There are many fine buildings, wide streets, green parks, large squares, churches and monuments in Moscow. It is necessary to mention such famous monuments as monuments to the great Russian writer Alexander Pushkin and to the first Russian printer Ivan Fedorov. Visiting the capital a lot of foreigners from all over the world come to see these monuments. One of the highest buildings in Moscow is the State Moscow University. It was founded in 1755 by the great scientist Mikhail Lomonosov. Transport... Moscow is a very big city and its transport must be comfortable and fast. One can see a lot of cars, buses, trolleybuses, trams in the streets of our city. The Moscow metro began its work on the 15th of May, 1935. There were 13 stations at that time. Now it has 190 stations. Our metro is a beautiful and convenient one. There are nine railway stations in Moscow and some airports around the city. There are many stadiums in Moscow. The Central Stadium is in Luzhniki. Many competitions and football matches are held there. The Olympic village was built for the 22nd Olympic Games in Moscow in 1980. It is a big complex for sport games. I live in Moscow and I am proud of this city. Слова к тексту:
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