Методические указания для студентов первого курса всех технических специальностей новосибирск 2008 ббк 81. 432. 1923 а 647
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1.2. Ответьте на вопросы:
1.3. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на форму прилагательных. a) Novosibirsk is big. Moscow is bigger. Mexico is the biggest of the three cities. b) The life in Novosibirsk is expensive. The life in St. Petersburg is more expensive than in Novosibirsk. The life is Moscow is the most expensive. c) The accommodation in cities is expensive. The accommodation in towns is less expensive. The accommodation in the countryside is the least expensive. It is cheap. 1.4. Ответьте на вопросы, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных. a) Is Moscow bigger than Novosibirsk? Which city is the biggest? (Novosibirsk, Moscow, Mexico) Is your home city (or town) bigger or smaller than Novosibirsk? b) Is the life in St. Petersburg more expensive than in Novosibirsk? Which is the most expensive city of the three? (Novosibirsk, St. Petersburg, Moscow) Is the life in your city (town) more expensive or cheaper than in Novosibirsk? 1.5. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особые случаи образования степеней сравнения. a) There are a lot of good places to relax in Novosibirsk. Countryside is a better place to relax when it is hot. I think the Black Sea coast is the best place to spend holiday on. b) The weather is bad today. Yesterday it was worse. Last week it was the worst. c) Novosibirsk is far from Moscow. Krasnoyarsk is farther from Moscow than Novosibirsk. Khabarovsk is the farthest of the three cities. 1.6. Прочитайте предложения, обращая внимание на использование сравнительных конструкций: as…as, not so…as, not as… as. a) The life in Novosibirsk is noisy. The life in Ekaterinburg is as noisy as in Novosibirsk. The life in Berdsk is not so noisy as in Novosibirsk. b) The air in some cities is polluted. The air in some industrial towns is as polluted as in some cities. The air in the countryside is not as polluted as in cities. 1.7. Прочитайте прилагательные. Устно образуйте степени сравнения. Сгруппируйте их в три колонки в соответствии со способом образования степеней сравнения. A B C -er more особые -est the most случаи easy, good, many, expensive, difficult, cheap, dirty, young, old, little, bad, far 1.8. Прочитайте слова, относящиеся к интернациональной лексике, обращая внимание на ударения. Догадайтесь о значении этих слов. public [´pblık], transport [´trænspכ:t], restaurant [´rest(ə)rכnt], theatre [´θıətə], concert [´kכnsət], museum [mju:´zıəm], park [pα:k], plus [pls], minus [´maınəs] 1.9. Прочитайте следующие пары предложений. Выберите то, которое вы считаете правильным. Приведите свои доводы, используя вводные фразы:
1. a) It is easier to find a well-paid job in a city than in a town. b) It’s easier to find a well-paid job in the country than in a town. 2. a) There are few interesting things to do and places to see in a city. b) It is particularly difficult to find good cheap accommodation in a city. 3. a) You can enjoy fresh air of the countryside. b) If you want to relax it’s difficult to find a park in a city. 4. a) Public transport is never crowded in a city. b) In the rush hour public transport is sometimes crowded and dirty. 1.10. Прочитайте вводные слова и фразы в колонке А и догадайтесь об их значении по синонимам в колонке В. A B on the plus side – on the positive side for example – something used as a model what is more – also, besides for one thing – on the one hand last of all – at last in conclusion – in the end all in all – on the whole 1.11. Прочитайте текст, выберите подходящее заглавие для каждого абзаца (один заголовок лишний). 1) Disadvantages of living in the city 2) Young people prefer to live in cities 3) Advantages of living in the city 4) Advantages of getting higher education Living in the City Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages. On the plus side, it is often easier to find work, and there is usually a choice of public transport, so you don’t need1 to have a car. Also, there are a lot of interesting things to do and places to see. For example, you can eat in good restaurants, visit museums, and go to the theatre and to concerts. What is more, if you want to relax you can usually find a park where you can feed the birds or just sit on a park bench and read a book. However, for every plus there is a minus. For one thing, you might have a job, but if it is not very well-paid, you cannot have many things because living in a city is often very expensive. It is particularly difficult to find good, cheap accommodation. Public transport is sometimes crowded and dirty, particularly in the rush hour and even the parks can become very crowded, especially on Sundays when a lot of city-dwellers are looking for some open space and green grass. Last of all, despite2 all the crowds, it is still possible to feel very lonely in a city. In conclusion, I think that city life can be particularly interesting to young people, who like the excitement3 of the city and don’t mind4 the noise and pollution. However, many people, when they get older, and particularly when they have young children, often prefer the peace and fresh air of the countryside. Слова и выражения к тексту: 1. you don’t need – вам не нужно 2. despite – не смотря на 3. excitement – оживленная жизнь 4. don’t mind – не обращают внимания 1.12. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты и прочитайте предложения с ними. 1. жизнь в городе имеет как достоинства, так и недостатки; 2. существует выбор общественного транспорта; 3. поэтому вам не нужно иметь свой автомобиль; 4. на каждый плюс существует свой минус; 5. все жители ищут какое-то свободное пространство; 6. не беспокоятся о шуме и загрязнении; 7. часто предпочитают спокойствие и свежий воздух сельской местности. 1.13. Найдите в тексте синонимы следующим словам и выражениям:
1.14. Просмотрите текст еще раз и ответьте на вопросы (дайте краткий или полный ответы).
1.15. Ответьте письменно на вопросы о жизни в небольших городах. Затем обсудите ваши ответы в группах. 1. Is it easy to get a well-paid job (good education)? 2. What do you think about public transport? Does it work well? Is it crowded and dirty in the rush hour? 3. Are there many interesting places to go to in free time? What are they? Where do people usually go to relax? 4. What do you know about pollution in towns? Is air (water, land) polluted or clean? 5. Can one easily find good and cheap accommodation or not? 6. It is very cheap to live in a town, isn’t it? 1.16. Заполните следующую таблицу, используя информацию текста и ответы упражнений 1.14, 1.15.
1.17. Дополните высказывания, используя условные предложения первого типа по образцу: Пример: If I have a lot of money, I’ll buy a flat in Moscow.
1.18. Расскажите, в каком городе (большом или малом) вы хотите жить. Почему? Используйте информацию таблицы и условные предложения I типа (10-12 предложений). 1.19. Напишите письмо своему другу о городе (о селе), где вы живете (150 – 200 слов). Используйте информацию таблицы и приведенные ниже вводные фразы. 1) It has both advantages and disadvantages a) on the plus side… b) what is more… c) all in all… 2) However, for every plus there is a minus a) for one thing… b) but… c) last of all… 3) In conclusion, I think… 1.20. Перед прослушиванием текста “Why I love this city” выполните упр. 1.20.1 и 1.20.2. 1.20.1. Прочитайте и переведите географические названия и имена собственные: Dublin [´dblın] Ireland [´aıələnd] The river Liffey [´lıfı] Guiness [´gınıs] – торговая марка пива Bob Geldob [´bכb´geldəf] Sinead O’Connor [∫ə´neıd כ´kכnə] Oscar Wilde [´כskə ´waıld] George Bernard Shaw [´d3o:d3 ´bə:nəd ´∫כ:] Games Joyce [´d3eımz ´d3כıs] 1.20.2. Прочитайте и запомните слова:
1.21. Прослушайте запись текста и ответьте на вопросы (Tapescript 1, Appendix 3). 1. What is the text about? 2. What country is it located in? 3. What is it famous for? 1.22. Прослушайте запись ещё раз и скажите, соответствуют ли нижеприведённые предложения содержанию прослушанного:
1.23. Подумайте и ответьте на вопрос заголовка текста“Why I love this city”, используя вводные фразы: I think I believe I feel I guess As I know In my opinion To my mind 1.24. Прочитайте и поймите основное содержание текста. London London has a population of about 6,770,000. It lies on the River Thames. From about 1800 until the World War II, London was the biggest city in the world, but now there are many cities which are much bigger. London is famous for many things. Tourists come from all over the world to visit its historic buildings, such as St Paul’s Cathedral and the Houses of Parliament, where you can see and hear the famous clock, Big Ben. They also come to visit its theatres, its museums, and its many shops. Like many big cities, London has problems with traffic and pollution. Over 1,000,000 people a day use the London Underground, but there are still too many cars on the streets. The air isn’t clean, but it is cleaner than it was 100 years ago. Until 1956, London was famous for its fog or ‘smog’, which is a mixture of smoke and fog. The best thing about London is the parks. There are five parks in the city centre. But children’s favourite place is Hamleys, which is the biggest toyshop in the world. It is 200 years old. Прочитайте географические названия и названия достопримеча-тельностей Лондона. London [´lndən] The River Thames [´rıvə ´temz] St Paul’s Cathedral [sənt ´po:lz kə´θıdrəl] the Houses of Parliament [´hausız əv´pα:ləmənt] Big Ben [´bıg ´ben] Hamleys [´hæmlıs] – a famous toyshop 1.25. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту. 1. What city is the capital of Great Britain? 2. Is London the largest city in the world now? 3. What is London famous for? 4. What environmental problems does London have? 5. What is the best thing about London? 1.26. Прочитайте и поймите основное содержание текста. Подберите соответствующие заголовки для каждой части: a) City problems b) Places of interest c) History d) Location, size, population Novosibirsk is the City I Study in Novosibirsk is a big city. It’s territory is 491 km2. It’s Russia’s third largest city by area. With the population of nearly 1,500,000 people it’s the largest in Siberia and the 4th largest in Russia. The city is located in Western Siberia, 18 hundred miles east of Moscow. It is located alongside the river Ob. Novosibirsk is divided into ten administrative districts, 2 of which are situated on the left and 8 – on the right bank of the Ob. The history of the city is not very long. It is a little more than 100 years old. In 2007 Novosibirsk celebrated the 114th anniversary of its foundation (1893). At first it was a little settlement on the bank of the river Ob that was called Alexandrovsk. But it started growing up very quickly when a bridge across the river had been built. In 1895 it was called Novonikolaevsk. In 1903 it gained the status of a town. And in 1925 it was renamed Novosibirsk. During the World War II a lot of plants and factories from the European part of Russia were moved to Novosibirsk. This fact, though tragic, promoted the development of the city and the growth of the population. Today Novosibirsk is one of the main industrial, scientific, educational centres of Russia. I wouldn't say that it is a very beautiful city though it has many sights. They are: the Opera and Ballet House that is well-know all over the world, the beautiful building of the Railway station, the theatre for young spectators "Globus", the drama theatre "Krasniy Fakel", the monument of Glory, the conservatoire, the circus and many others. Although the city is growing and becoming more beautiful from day to day there are some serious problems in it. The most serious of them are: high cost of living and environmental pollution by transport and industry. I hope these problems will be solved by joint efforts of the city administration and residents of Novosibirsk. |