Open Source Software
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It started in 2000 as the Open Source Development Lab (OSDL), and later changed its name to The Linux Foundation The Free Standards Group changed its name to The Linux Foundation OSDL and the Free Standards Group merged in 2007 to form The Linux Foundation 63) What are some of the most basic Linux components that are completely rooted in UNIX? Select all answers that apply. Inode-based filesystem Multi-process scheduling Process creation and destruction Accessing hardware through device nodes 64) What are the 3 major families of Linux Distributions? Select all answers that apply. Red Hat Debian Ubuntu SUSE Oracle Linux 65) In order to install and use Linux: You must pay a fee to The Linux Foundation to obtain a license You have to post a public notice that you intend to honor the proper licenses You need a computer or an account in a cloud environment such as AWS, Azure or Google Cloud You are required to notify Linus Torvalds, so he can decide if the use is appropriate 66) Which of the following are members of the Debian distribution family (Select all answers that apply)? Linux Mint Fedora Ubuntu Gentoo 67) Which of the following are Enterprise Linux Distributions (Select all answers that apply)? BSD RHEL Solaris SUSE 68) Which of the following are important facilities Linux distributions provide? Make it easy to install Linux on a wide variety of hardware platforms Make sure all the different software on the system works together and is updated at once without conflicts Provide updates, upgrades and bug and security fixes to end user systems in a timely and controlled fashion Form the connecting bridge between end users and upstream developers, making sure each is aware of the other's situations 69) Select all true answers: Linux is one of the many varieties of the UNIX operating system. Linux borrowed heavily from basic UNIX features, but is not actually an implementation of the UNIX operating system. The development of Linux is determined by The Linux Foundation. Linux is a product of the Free Software Foundation GNU project. The term Linux really applies only to the core kernel, not the entire operating system. 70) What are the three basic layers on a Linux graphical interface? Select all answers that apply. Mutter The Window Manager GNOME The Desktop Manager The X Window System 71) All recent GNOME-based Linux distributions look very similar as far as starting up, logging in, and shutting down. True or False? True False 72) What is the easiest way to install KDE on a CentOS 7 system? sudo yum groupinstall KDE sudo yum install KDE 73) In the X Window System: The client is always on the local system, while the server is always on a remote system. The server is always on the local system, while the client is always on a remote system. The server handles matters such as display and input devices, while the client can be anywhere and is the running application. The client handles matters such as display and input devices, while the server can be anywhere and is the running application. 74) Which of the following are layers of the graphical system interface? Desktop Manager Window Manager Network Manager Display Manager Memory Manager 75) If you are running a GNOME desktop manager: You can run KDE-based applications if you pay an extra fee You can run KDE-based applications if you install a compatibility wrapper You can run KDE-based applications most of the time, as long as the underlying libraries have been installed by the distribution You cannot run KDE-based applications 76) Which of the following are Desktop Managers? KDE X Window System Wayland GNOME XFCE 77) What are ways you can launch a terminal window on a graphical desktop? Hit *Ctrl-Alt-Delete* Hit Alt-F2 and then type in the program name (e.g., gnome-termina l, konsole, xterm etc.) Find the "terminal" option in the Application* or *Favorites* menu On many but not all desktops, right click anywhere on the background and click on Open Terminal 78) What are some of the basic command line tools that can be found on Linux that can be used to get help? man pages --help and help info 79) You can invoke the graphical help system directly from the command by doing: khelpcenter or kdehelpcenter if you are running a KDE desktop gnome-help if you are running a GNOME desktop 80) Which chapter in man contains information about standard user commands? 1 2 3 7 2 81) Which commands get a list of all man pages named "file" (Select all answers that apply)? $ man -k file $ what is file $ whatis file $ apropos file 82) Select the true statements about getting documentation on echo (Select all answers that apply). man echo gives the information about the system utility at /usr/bin/echo or /bin/echo help echo gives the information about the command embedded in the bash shell help echo gives the information about the system utility at /usr/bin/echo or /bin/echo man echo gives the information about the command embedded in the bash shell 83) Which of the following are command line help utilities? info help man linuxdoc explain 84) To get a short help message about a command such as ls, listing options and arguments, type help is ls/? ls-help ls --help ls help 85) What are some of the most common editors that can be found on any Linux distribution? Select all answers that apply. Notes vi gedit emacs nano kate 86) GNOME offers a graphical interface four the vi editor, called gvim, while KDE does not offer a graphical interface for the vi editor. True or False? False True 87) What keys does emacs use for special commands? Select all answers that apply. Control (Ctrl) Shift Meta Enter 88) Which of the following statements is true? Once you have begun a file in emacs, you cannot edit it in vi without running a conversion program first to strip out embedded information in the file Once you have begun a file in vi, you cannot edit it in emacs without running a conversion program first to strip out embedded information in the file You can go back and forth between editors as much as you would like without a conversion process 89) Which of the following methods can be used to produce a file with 3 lines in it? Select all answers that apply. $ echo line one > myfile $ echo line two > myfile $ echo line three > myfile $ echo -e 'line one\\nline two\\nline three ' > myfile $ echo line one > myfile $ echo line two >> myfile $ echo line three >> myfile $ cat << EOF > myfile \> line one \> line two \> line three \> EOF $ 90) Which statement is true? vi involves switching between command and insert mode by hitting the Escape key emacs involves switching between command and insert mode by hitting the Escape key edit involves switching between command and insert mode by hitting the Escape key nano involves switching between command and insert mode by hitting the Escape key 91) Which pair of editors has partisan advocates who tend to wage war over which is better than the other? vi and emacs vi and nano pico and nano gedit and emacs 92) Which editor can always be found installed by default on virtually any Linux system? emacs WordStar vi kwrite libreoffice 93) Porting scripts from csh variants is relatively easy and straightforward. True or False? True False 94) Which of the following commands would add newbin, a directory in your home directory, to the PATH (Select all answers that apply)? PATH=$PATH:$HOME/newbin PATH=$HOME/newbin:$PATH $PATH=$PATH:$HOME/newbin PATH=$HOME/$newbin:$PATH 95) To make an environment variable (VAR) effective for only one command (foobar), you should do: VAR=value ; ./foobar VAR=value ./foobar VAR=value && ./foobar export VAR=value ./foobar 96) Which of the following expressions will give the correct mathematical result (7) for x = 10 (Select all answers that apply)? $ echo $x - 3 $ echo $(expr $x-3) $ echo $(expr $x - 3) $ echo $(($x - 3 )) 97) Which commands will get both the normal and error outputs of prog into afile? foo 2>&1 file foo >> file foo > file 2>&1 foo >& file 98) Which of the following commands has the correct syntax for specifying an alias? alias doitall=make clean; make all; evince output.pdf alias doitall="make clean; make all; evince output.pdf" alias doitall= "make clean; make all; evince output.pdf" 99) The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) has always been administered by The Linux Foundation. True or False? True False 100) You can create a new partition by typing p. True or False? True False 101) For the most basic commonly used partitioning scheme, you would have: 8 partitions 1 partition 3 partitions 6 parititions 102) Which of the following pseudo-directories are empty when the system is not running (Select all answers that apply)? /dev /sys /proc /boot /etc 103) Which of the following statements describes the best practice? The current directory should be pretended to the path The current directory should not be placed in the path The current directory should be appended to the path 104) If file does not exist, which command will produce an error? ln -s file file2 ln file file2 105) Which command will list the partition information on the first hard disk and then exit? fdisk -l /dev/sda fdisk -l hd1 fdisk /dev/sda 106) Which directory trees usually have frequently changing data, and would not be desirable on a partition that is more static? Select all answers that apply. /var /usr /home /tmp /bin 107) How many versions does GRUB have? 1 2 3 4 108) What runlevel is reserved for the system halt state? 0 1 3 6 109) What is the proper order of system initialization stages on most x86-based systems? init (PID 1) -> BIOS -> GRUB GRUB -> BIOS -> init (PID 1) BIOS -> GRUB -> init (PID 1) 110) Which files need to be in the /boot directory for the system to boot up (select all that apply)? vmlinuz initramfs config System.map 111) Using GRUB lets you (Select all correct answers): Choose which Linux kernel to user for boot Choose between operating systems or different Linux distributions Choose various options for booting up the system 112) Select the order in which the following system initialization methods were introduced: systemd -> SysVinit -> Upstart SysVinit -> systemd -> Upstart SysVinit -> Upstart -> systemd 113) Which runlevel is multiple user with no graphical desktop? 1 3 5 114) You can use the sudo swapoff -a command to turn off all swap memory. True or False? True False 115) Threads in a process do not share any information with each other. True or False? True False 116) A rather complete picture of memory usage can be gotten by viewing the following pseudofile: /proc/memory /proc/meminfo /sys/meminfo /proc/cpuinfo 117) Select all true statements: There is no uniform prescription for how much swap space to use. Memory used directly by the Linux kernel is never swapped out. Using swap space ties up system memory, but boosts performance. Using swap space lets the system pretend it has more memory than it physically has. 118) Which statement(s) are correct? The pthreads library enables multithreaded applications to be written just once for many different operating systems. A process may contain only one thread. A thread may contain many processes. A process may contain many threads. 119) The OOM KIller Suspends the system until more memory becomes available Tries to keep the system running by killing processes which are using more memory than can be supplied 120) Which of the following are utilities used to work with swap space? swapchk mkswap swapon swap swapoff 121) It is not easy to turn off the new naming scheme and go back to using the old classic names. True or False? True False 122) Which networking configuration interface is newer and has extended capabilities? ip ifconfig 123) Using Predictable Network Interface Device Names (PNIDN) has come into use because: Many computers are no longer in one location; for example, laptops are on the move, and available interfaces are subject to change It makes it harder for bad actors to guess interface names Hardware such as USB devices can be added and removed at runtime On modern systems, the order in which network hardware is found is less predictable 124) Which command(s) will bring the network interface eth0 up and assign an address to it? sudo ifconfig eth0 up 192.168.1.100 sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.100 dev eth0 sudo ip addr ifconfig add 192.168.1.100 add default eth0 sudo ifconfig up 192.168.1.200 eth0 125) You can see statistics for the eth0 interface by (select all answers that apply): doing sudo ifconfig eth0 doing sudo ip -s link show eth0 looking at /sys/class/net/eth0/statistics 126) What does MTU stand for? |