cat file1 > file2 > file3 | file4
cat file1 file2 file3 > file4
cp file1 file2 file3 > file4
cat file1 > file2 > file3 > file4
180) Which of the following commands can be used to view the last 15 lines of a file (Select all answers that apply)?
tail -15 some_file
tail=15 some_file
tail +15 some_file
tail -n15 some_file
181) Which of the following commands will replace all instances of the word "dog" with "pig" in the file named some_file and send the output to stdout (Select all answers that apply)?
sed -e s:dog:pig:g some_file
sed -e s/dog/pig/g some_file
cat some_file | sed -e s/dog/pig/g
sed -e s/dog/pig/ some_file
182) Which commands can be used to print the lines that contain the numbers 0–5 in a file (Select all answers that apply)?
grep [0-5] filename
grep {0-5} filename
grep [0,1,2,3,4,5] filename
grep [-e0 -e1 -e2 -e3 -e4 -e5] filename
183) Which command is used to extract columns from a file to work on them later?
184) Which of the following special environment variables is the command name?
185) Functions must always be defined before they are used. True or False?
186) Which of the following commands are equivalent (Select all answers that apply)?
[[ -f file.c ]] && cat file.c
if [[ -f file.c ]] ; then cat file.c ; fi
if [ -f file.c ] ; then cat file.c ; fi
if test -f file.c ; then cat file.c ; fi
187) Which commands will list all files under the current directory ending in "
" (Select all answers that apply)? Note: Output lists may differ in format.
" -exec ls -l {} ';
ls -l $(find . -name "*")
find . -name "*" -ls
find . -name "*" | xargs ls -l
188) Functions (subprograms) are useful in bash scripts because (Select all answers that apply):
They make things easier to read and comprehend
They eliminate the need to retype the same set of commands more than once
It is better not to have to call another script to get things done
189) How would you get the value of a variable named VAR into a script?
ask VAR
accept VAR
input VAR
read VAR
190) Select the correct statement:
A bash function can be placed anywhere in a script, before or after it is used
A bash function must be placed before it is used in a script
191) The type of file is determined by examining its extension rather than content. True or False?
192) How many characters do you get at the beginning in the description of a file?
193) "666" permission means:
read-write permission for all users
write-execute permission for all users
read-execute permission for all users
read-write-execute permission for all users
194) Which statement is correct?
In Linux, file types are rarely determined by extension letters
In Linux, file types are never determined by extension letters
In Linux, file types are always determined by extension letters
195) If the first character in the long file listing is a "-", the listed object is a:
Symbolic (Soft) Link
Block Device Node
Unix Domain Socket
Directory
Normal File
Named Pipe (FIFO)
Character Device Node
196) If the first character in the long file listing is an "s", the listed object is a:
Block Device Node
Character Device Node
setuid file
Named Pipe (FIFO)
Unix Domain Socket
Symbolic (Soft) Link
197)Which of the following commands are equivalent (Select all answers that apply):
chown 664 file
chown donald.ducks file
chown donald file ; chgrp ducks file
chown donald:ducks file
198) Which command will give all users the right to look at a file, but give only the owner the right to change it or execute it:
chmod 644 some_file
chmod 764 some_file
chmod 744 some_file
chmod 467 some_file
199) Which of the following is true about journaling filesystems?
A transaction must be completed without error, otherwise the filesystem is changed
Operations are grouped into transactions
They recover quickly from system crashes and ungraceful shutdowns but become corrupted
200) Which of the following commands can be used to see what filesystems your system currently understands?
cat /proc/filesystems
cat /filesystems
/proc/filesystems
cat /sys/filesystems
201) Which of the following statements are true for Logical Volume Management (Select all answers that apply):
LVM makes it easy to change the size of the logical partitions and filesystems
There can be some changes in performance with LVM
LVM supports various graphical interfaces
Using LVM breaks up one virtual partition into multiple chunks
202) What command would create a new logical volume named mylv of size 256 GB in volume group VG ?
lvextend -L+16G /dev/VG/myv
lvcreate -L 256 mylv VG
lvcreate -L 256G -n mylv VG
203) Which of the following are journaling filesystems (Select all answers that apply):
ext4
squashfs
XFS
btrfs
vfat
VFS
204) For a filesystem to be mounted at boot:
It must be mentioned in the mounting scripts in /etc/init.d
It must be listed in /etc/fstab
It must be listed in /proc/filesystems
It must be listed in /etc/mounts
205) When mounting a filesystem, it may be specified by any of the following methods (Select all answers that apply):
Kernel configuration option
Label
UUID
Alias mentioned in .bashrc
Device node
206) LVM stands for:
Little Virtual Murders
Logical Volume Management
Large Volatile Memory
Last Memory Vanished
207) Loopback filesystems (Select all answers that apply):
Have slower performance than just having a native filesystem
Are never used in production systems
Can be useful for testing filesystem features
208) Which of the following statements are correct about gcc (Select all answers that apply):
It compiles programs written in a number of languages
Its name stands for GNU Compiler Collection
There are only some operating systems that offer versions of gcc.
209) gdb can properly debug multi-threaded programs. True or False?
210) GCC stands for:
Geneva Computation Corporation
Great Computer Compiler
GNU Compiler Collection
GNU Compiler for C
211) A good choice of compiler options for day-to-day use would be:
gcc -M -H -O3 -E program.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -pedantic program.c
gcc -Wall -I /tmp/include -L /tmp/lib program.c
gcc -O0 -Wall -ansi program.c
212) Why might you choose to link your program statically, rather than use a shared library version?
The static program will not use new versions of shared libraries as they become available, and thus may avoid breakage and bugs
The static program will load and execute more quickly
The static program need not have an open source license, while the shared library version cannot be closed source
The static program will use less memory
213) To find the shared libraries used by /usr/bin/cp you can do (Select all answers that apply):
ldd /usr/bin/cp
find -libso /usr/bin/cp
gcc -ldd /usr/bin/cp
ldd $(which cp)
214) Which statements are true (Select all answers that apply):
Use of shared libraries can cause bugs because the application may conflict with the new library version
Use of shared libraries enables applications to stay up to date with new library features without being recompiled
Use of shared libraries saves memory
Applications can load faster when using shared libraries
215) The concept of Write Once, Run Anywhere works better on the client side than on the server side. True or False?
216) Which of the following is true for Eclipse?
It has been used primarily for Java projects, but it also supports a number of other languages
It has been an open source project since 2010
Eclipse Public License is fully compatible with the GPL license
It can be traced back to 2001
217) Which of the following statements are true (Select all answers that apply)?
Porting Java programs to Linux requires specialized expert input
Java programs developed on other systems can be expected to run without modification on Linux
The biggest problem in porting Java code to Linux is often fear
There are a number of choices which can be used for the Java implementation on Linux machines, and one can switch between them
Java programs need to have some changes to the source before they can run reliably on Linux systems
218) Which utility can be used to select the default Java Implementation on a Linux system?
setpref
which
choose
alternatives
219) Which commands will show you information about which version of Java you are running (Select all answers that apply):
java -version
select --show java
version --full java
$ readlink -f $(which java)
220) Which of the following are Integrated Development Environments that can be used for Java on Linux (Select all answers that apply)?
Eclipse
emacs
DDD
gdb
NetBeans
221) If you are experienced in using Eclipse on another operating system, when moving to Linux:
The interface and functioning should be almost the same and have little or no learning curve required
You will have to start over, as the interface and functioning are rather different
222) Which of the following are packaging system benefits for developers (Select all answers that apply)?
Integrity of the installation can be verified in a uniform and rapid fashion
Repeatable builds
Generation of dependency data, such as what other packages are needed by a given package, and/or what other packages may need a given package
Simple installation and removal methods
223) You have to be a superuser to build a binary RPM package on CentOS and openSUSE. True or False?
224) Use of a package management system (Select all true statements):
Simplifies upgrade and update of individual software packages, as well as the system
Is rapidly going obsolete, as disk space becomes larger and cheaper
Makes removing software difficult
Makes updating slow, as one always has to recompile from source
225) Which of the following distributions use the RPM package management system (Select all answers that apply)?
Ubuntu
SUSE
Red Hat
Fedora
CentOS
Gentoo
Debian
226) Which of the following distributions use the APT (dpkg) package management system (Select all answers that apply)?
Debian
Ubuntu
Linux Mint
CentOS
Gentoo
Red Hat
SUSE
227) With RPM, all information to configure, compile and install is contained in:
The build file
The rpm manifest
The spec file
The yum file
228) Which of the following statements are true (Select all answers that apply)?
The source package contains one file in Debian-based systems
The source package contains one file in RPM-based systems
The source package contains multiple files in RPM-based systems
The source package contains multiple files in Debian-based systems
1) Which of the following are some of the major milestones in the history of open source software?
The Free Software Foundation
The Release of Microsoft Windows
The creation of the Linux operating system
The birth of Ubuntu
2) What are the three general governance models used in open source projects? Select all answers that apply.
Company-led
Benevolent dictatorship
Private-collective
Governing board
3) What are the main types of Open Source Software (OSS) licenses? Select all answers that apply.
Free of charge
Permissive
Proprietary
Educational use
Restrictive
4) Linux began:
In 1998 when IBM made a major investment
When UNIX was first born about 1969
When SCO ported Xenis to the Intel 8036 processor in 1983
In 1991 with an Internet post by a student in Finland
5) Which method best describes the way Android is developed?
Company-Led
Benevolent Dictatorship
Governing Board
6) Which method best describes the way FreeBSD is developed?
Benevolent Dictatorship
Governing Board
Company-Led
7) Which method best describes the way Linux kernel is developed?
Benevolent Dictatorship
Company-Led
Governing Board
8) What are some of the advantages of open source software development? Select all answers that apply.
Stronger and more secure code
Developers have the means to build better software
Potentially faster bug repairs
Reduced costs
9) From a business perspective, use of OSS (Select all answers that apply):
Lengthens time to make, but is worth it because of improved product
Enables use of ingredients from other sources and speeds development
Makes marketing more difficult because it is hard to differentiate product
Makes marketing easier as some ingredients are already well-known and trusted
10) OSS is (Select all answers that apply):
Insecure because no one is in charge of security
Causes security problems because developers come from different organizations and companies and do not understand each other's code
Can be more secure because many developers can easily see the code, look for problems, and mitigate problems when they are discovered
Secure or insecure depending on the quality and priorities of the project maintainers, but at least users can judge this by open discussion and code inspection
11) For school systems at any level, use of OSS (Select all answers that apply):
May cause problems with vendor lock-in
Can lower costs by letting low-cost or free software be used
Should be avoided, as students become confused by choices
Can lower costs by letting older hardware be used
12) School systems can benefit from using OSS because (Select all answers that apply):
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