Патан База Тестов. Патанатомія тесты база. Патанатомія. Тести
 Скачать 0.71 Mb.
|
|
Blood analysis of a patient showed signs of HIV infection (human immunodeficiency virus). Which cells does HIV-virus primarily? Specialized nervous cells (neurons) Mast cells Cells that contain receptor IgM (B-lymphocytes) Proliferating cells (stem hematoplastic cells) @Cells that contain receptor T4 (T-helpers) # 20 The human immunodeficiency virus has the follow antigens - gp 41 and gp 120 on the surface. This virus interacts with the cells-target of the organism. Choose among the listed antigens of the human leukocyte with which gp 120 of the virus complementary connected. @CD 4 CD 3 CD 8 CD 19 CD 28 # 21 A post-mortem of a woman revealed a septicopyemia with metastatic abscesses of lungs and kidneys; pyosalpinx, a purulent peritonitis, a cachexia and lymphadenopathy. Medical records indicated HIV- positive blood test results within last 5 years. What clinical period of AIDS corresponds with the given pathomorphologic signs? @Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Incubation period Persisten generalised lymphadenopathy Pre-AIDS (AIDS -related complex) Reactive lymphadenopathy # 22 The patient is 25 years old. From the numerous cutaneous pustules St.aureus in the association with St.epidermidis were isolated. Pneumocystes carinii was detected in the sputum, Cryptosporidia, Proteus vulgaris and Candidas - in the feces. In which disease you can see so plural infection by the opportunistic @AIDS Diabetes Sepsis Dysbacteriosis Medicinal agranulocytosis # 23 A 60-yer-old mail patient received several blood transfusions during the surgical operation. He did well for 2 weeks, but then developed fever, vomiting, diarrhea. Liver biopsy revealed intranuclear inclusion bodies. Which organism is the cause of the disease? @Cytomegalovirus Adenovirus Hepatitis A virus Influenza virus Parainfluenza virus # 24 At the pathomorphologic exam of a 30-year-old drug-user with HIV infection was traced that both lungs were consolidated, of dark vinous-gray color, low-aerial; interalveolar septa were densely infiltrated with leukocytes; part of alveolocytes were transformed into big cells. The nucleus of such cell is located in the centre and is round with light ring that looks like an owl’s eye. What opportunistic infection caused pneumonia? Atypical mycobacterium Pneumocystis carinii @Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Herpes virus Toxoplasma # 25 A 35-year-old narcomaniac (drug abuser) with a history of HIV-infection died at the hospital. A post-mortem revealed that both lungs were dense, dark-red-grey color, with little air. Histological study showed that interalveolar septs were infiltrated by lymphocytes. Some alveolocytes were transformed to the big cells, with a centrally located round nucleus with a light rim of cytoplasm ("an owl's eye"). What opportunistic infection caused pneumonia in that case? @Cytomegalovirus Pneumocystis carinii Atypical mycobacterium Herpes-virus Toxoplasma # 26 A post-mortem of a 40-year-old patient revealed a pneumocystosis carinii pneumonia, Kaposi's sarcoma and B-cell lymphoma. Medical records suggested that he actively practiced unsafe sexual intercourse with multiple partners at his life. What is the most likely diagnosis? @A human immunodeficiency virus infection, AIDS stage A human immunodeficiency virus infection, pre- AIDS stage A secondary immunodeficiency as a result of primary B-cell lymphoma A secondary immunodeficiency as a result of Kaposi's sarcoma - # 27 On the autopsy of the dead some crimson-red strains, plaques and nodules (sarcoma Kaposhi) were found on the skin of the distal parts of the lower extremities. Also acute pneumonia was discovered. What is the disease? @AIDS Influenza Chicken pox Diphtheria Anthrax # 28 HIV-infected patient is examined periodically for the purpose of the exposure of the signs of process activation. Name the most essential sign, which specifies the transformation of HIV-infection to the AIDS. @Kaposi’s sarcoma. The amount of the helper-inducer T cells is less then 200 kl/mkl Decreasing of amount of neutrophiles Decreasing of amount of helper-inducer T cells The amount of the helper-inducer T cells is less then critical level The revealing of the gp 41 # 29 A patient presented to his physician with expressed immunodeficiency, lymphopenia with change of parity T-helpers to T- suppressors, the lesion of a skin of the lower extremities. The cutaneous pathology was characterized by plural tumorous nodules, dome-shaped purple plaques, involved in skin breakdown with resulting fungating lesions. A histological investigation of the skin's biopsy showed the neoplasm of blood vessels, a dilatation of capillaries, slit-like blood-filled vascular spaces. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Kaposi's sarcoma Basalioma Dermatomycosis Phoma of skin Inflammatory dermatitis # 30 A post-mortem of a patient, with a history of a drug abuse, revealed red-purple papular nodules and blotches on the skin of his lower extremities (Kaposi's sarcoma). In addition, acute pneumocystosis carinii pneumonia was also determined. For what disease the given symptoms are characteristic? @AIDS Influenza Measles Diphtheria Anthrax # 31 Due to the results of the section of a 44-year-old man, who was a citizen of Ukraine, was traced the combination of pneumocystis pneumonia, Kaposi’s sarcoma and B-cell lymphoma. In the anamnesis is irregular sexual activity. What is the most possible diagnosis? HIV infection, pre-AIDS stage @HIV infection, AIDS stage Secondary immunodeficiency caused by primary B-cell lymphoma Secondary immunodeficiency caused by Kaposi’s sarcoma Superinfection at the background of immunodeficiency # 32 A 23-year-old HIV-positive man presents with a cough and increased shortness of breath. A histologic section from a transbronchial biopsy staied with Gomori's methenamine-silver stain is shown in the photomicrograph below. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Pseudomonas pneumonia Aspergillus pneumonia @Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia Cytomegalovirus pneumonia Influenza pneumonia # 33 A 25-year-old woman presents with fever, malaise, headaches, and muscle pain (myalgia). A chest x-ray reveals bilateral infiltrates. You draw a tude of blood from the patient (the tude contains anticoagulant) and place the tude in a cup of ice. After the blood has cooled, you notice that the red cells have agglutinated (not clotted). This agglutination goes away after you wrm up the tude of blood. This patient's illness is most likely due to infection with which one of the following organism? Influenza A virus @Mycoplasma pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumocystis pneumoniae Mycobacterium tuberculosis # 34 A post-mortem of a patient, who died of a HIV- infection, revealed alterations of his brain. A histological investigation determined in subcortical white matter, midbrain and a brain stem fine, perivascular necroses, microglial nodules with multinuclear giant cells, focal gliosis and fibrosis. Name the most likely lesion of the central nervous system? @Subacute meningocephalitis Metabolic encephalopathy Cytomegaloviral encephalitis Primary lymphoma of CNS Vacuolar myelipathy # 35 Characteristics of AIDS-related neurologic abnormalities include all the following EXCEPT Areas of demyelination @Preferential infection of cortical neurons Multinucleated giant cells Vacuolar myelopathy Increased incidence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) # 36 Disease that are classified as slow viral infections or unconventional agent (spongiform) encephalopathies include all the following EXCEPT @Reye’s syndrome Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Kuru # 37 A 3-year-old child has a temperature of 38,30C; discrete vesiculoulcerative lesions (Koplik’s sports) can be seen on the mucous membrane of the mouth. The most probable diagnosis is: @Measles Rubella Herpangina Mumps Scarlet fever # 38 A child presented with catarrhal conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, a laryngotracheobronchitis. A gross investigation of the oral cavity revealed white spot on the buccal mucosa opposite the first molar. In addition, a blotchy and papular rash appeared on the patient's face, trunk and extremities later. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Measles Scarlet fever Meningococcal infection Epidemic typhus Influenza # 39 A child with a history of an acute catarrh of the upper respiratory tract, conjunctivas and blotchy, papular skin rash, died of pulmonary insufficiency. A histological investigation revealed an interstitial pneumonia with focal serous macrophageal inflammation and set of giant cells within alveoli walls. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Measles Influenza Parainfluenza Adenoviral infection Cytomegaly # 40 An 8-year-old child presented with raised body temperature up to 39° C, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and cough. A physical investigation revealed blotchy skin rash and whitish rashes on a buccal mucosa. Suddenly appeared pant resulted in asphyxia, followed by patient death. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Measles Scarlet fever Diphtheria Meningococcal nasopharyngitis Influenza # 41 A 5-year-old child presented with raised body temperature, punctulated rash, and conjunctivitis. He died of the superimposed pneumonia. A histological research of lungs revealed endo - mezo - panbronchitis and giant-cell pneumonia. For what disease the presented changes are characteristic? @Measles Scarlet fever Croupous pneumonia Diphtheria Smallpox # 42 A 7-year-old child presented with raised body temperature up to 38,5°, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and cough. A physical investigation revealed blotchy and papular skin rash and whitish bran-like rashes in a buccal mucosa. On the fourth day appeared a dyspnea and wet pulmonary rhonchuses. Soon, difficulty of breath resulted in patient death from asphyxia. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Measles Meningococcemia Influenza The pulmonary form of a mucoviscidosis Pneumonia # 43 A child died of a spontaneous pheumothorax. A post-mortem revealed a collapse and interstitial emphysema of the right lung, focal atelectases of lungs, a punctual hemorrhage in a brain and a conjunctiva of eyes. What is the most likely diagnosis? @ Whooping cough Bronchopneumonia Measles Diphtheria of respiratory tracts Scarlet fever # 44 A 4-year-old child died of respiratory insufficiency as a result of a respiratory musculation paralysis. Histological investigation revealed a hyperemia of the thoracal part of a spinal cord, the unclear pattern of the grey substance, punctual hemorrhages and fine sinking down sites of an encephalomalacia. In addition, there was an inflammation with a neuroglia proliferation around and by the necrotic neurons. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Poliomyelitis Meningococcal infection Cytomegaly Toxoplasmosis Adenoviral infection # 45 A 6-year-old girl presented to the hospital with suddenly raised temperature and catarrh of respiratory tracts. For 5th day of illness there was a paralysis of her lower extremities muscles, accompanied with respiratory disorders. In the anterior horns of a spinal cord there was a proliferation of a glia round necrotic neurons. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Poliomyelitis Measles Diphtheria Meningococcemia Scarlet fever # 46 A 6-year-old boy developed pain at swallowing and raised body temperature. On a second day of the disease, a physical investigation revealed the appearance of the fine, densely set, widespread skin rash with a small unaffected circumoral area. An oral cavity examination showed the bright reddening of a pharynx, enlarged tonsils and raspberry-red tongue. What is the most likely diagnose? @Scarlet fever Adenoviral infection Fauces diphtheria Measles Streptococcal angina # 47 A sore throat and temperature elevation manifested in a 7-year-old child. On the second day of the disease red eruption, like small densely located stains of poppy seed size, was noticed. They covered the whole body except nasolabial trigonum. The exam of the oral cavity revealed flaming hyperemia of the fauces, enlarged tonsils, and crimson-red tongue. What is your diagnosis? @Scarlet fever Adenoviral infection Diphtheria of the fauces Measles Streptococcal angina # 48 A boy is 7 y.o. Objectively: against the background of hyperemic skin there is knobby bright-pink rash on his forehead, neck, at the bottom of abdomen, in the popliteal spaces; nasolabial triangle is pale. Examination of oropharyngeal surface revealed localized bright-red hyperemia; tonsils are swollen, soft, lacunas contain pus, tongue is crimson. Cervical lymph nodes are enlarged, dense and painful. What is the most probable diagnosis? @Scarlet fever Infectious mononucleosis Rubella Diphtheria Whooping cough # 49 A 7-year-old boy presented to the hospital with an acute catarrh in pharynx and tonsils which had extended on a mouth mucosa, tongue and fauces. A tongue was fiery red (crimson red) with prominent papillae ('raspberry' or 'strawberry' tongue). A gross investigation of tonsils showed superficial necroses. A casting-off necrotic tissue resulted in ulcers formation. Cervical lymphatic nodules were enlarged. A punctuate erythematous rash was determined over the trunk, arms and legs. Face was also involved but a small area about the mouth remained unaffected to produce circumoral pallor. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Scarlet fever Diphtheria Angina Measles Meningococcal nasopharyngitis # 50 A 7-year-old child presented to the hospital with a punctuated bright-pink rash on hyperemic skin of a forehead, a neck, in the bottom of abdomen and popliteal fossa. A nasolabial triangle remained pale. Physical investigation of a stomato-pharynx revealed circumscribed bright red hyperemia of mucosa, 'raspberry' tongue. His tonsils were friable and edematous; lacunas filled with pus. Lymph nodes of a neck were enlarged, dense and painful. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Scarlet fever Rubella Whooping cough Diphtheria Infectious mononucleosis # 51 A 7-year-old girl developed an acute disease. She presented to the hospital with a sore throat, and a fever, accompanied with a widespread rash. A physical examination revealed severe hyperemia of a pharynx, a 'raspberry' tongue, and enlarged bright red tonsils with some grayish and yellowish dim areas. These zones also extended on peritonsillar tissues. Submandibular lymph nodes were enlarged. For what disease the given changes are characteristic? @Scarlet fever Measles Fauces diphtheria Larynx diphtheria Meningococcal nasopharyngitis # 52 A 9-year-old child developed a sharp pain at swallowing and a neck edema. His body temperature had risen to 39°C. A motley-red, punctulated , widespread rash appeared. A physical examination revealed severe hyperemia of a pharynx ('fiery pharynx') and a 'raspberry' tongue. The enlarged bright red tonsils presented with some grayish necrotic zones. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Scarlet fever Meningococcal nasopharyngitis Diphtheria Influenza Measles # 53 A child complains of the general weakness, a pharyngalgia at swallowing and nausea. Objectively, a bright reddening revealed in fauces; tonsils were enlarged. Later, the fine, densely located maculae, size about papaverous grain, appeared on a neck, in the top of a back and a breast. Microscopical investigation showed in a mucosa and tonsils tissue an acute plethora and grayish, dim areas of necroses. On the periphery of the necrotic zones, within the edema and fibrinous inflammation areas, the chains of streptococcuses were defined. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Scarlet fever Diphtheria Measles Influenza Meningococcal nasopharyngitis # 54 In the autopsy of a 6-year-old child the pathologist has found out: the necrotic- purulent angina, phlegmon of a neck, purulent otitis, purulent meningitis. These changes are most typical for: @Septic scarlatina Meningococcal infection Toxic scarlatina Diphtheria Otogenic sepsis # 55 An autopsy of a child revealed a necrotic tonsillitis, neck phlegmon, purulent otitis and purulent meningitis. These alterations are the most typical for: @Septic scarlet fever Meningococcal infection Toxic scarlet fever Fauces diphtherias Otogenic sepsis # 56 The 6-years-old boy has a moderate increase of the temperature, his parotid glands are enlarged. The virus has been allocated from the patient.s saliva. This virus is reproduced at the chicken embryos and tissue.s cultures, it has hemagglutination properties and causes the formation of the symplast in the cells culture. Which organs may be affecting by the disease caused by this virus most probably? @Genital glands Liver Lungs Throat tonsils Brain # 57 The laboratory of the diagnostic center obtained the modern test-system for the revealing of the TORCH-infection, which gives the possibility to diagnose: 1) toxoplasmosis, 2) rubella infection, 3) cytomegalovirus infection, 4) herpes-infection. Which from the named diseases do viruses cause? @Rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, herpes-infection Rubella, herpes-infection Cytomegalovirus infection, herpes-infection Rubella All named # 58 A 23-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist for a routine physical examination that includes a Pap smear. Her sexual history includes many sexual partners beginning at an early age, but she has never been pregnant. Physical examination is unremarkable. The Pap smear returns as abnormal with the presence of atypical squamous epithelial cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS). She returns for a 6-month follow-up and a repeal pelvic exam is performe. Her cervix is painted with iodine and an area near the cervical os is present that does not stain with iodine. This area is flat and not papillary. Several biopsies are obtained from this pale area, and a representative histologic section is seen in. the picture below. This histologic section shows koilocytosis, which is most characteristic of infection with which one of the following organisms? Cytomegalovirus Epstein-Barr virus Herpes simplex virus @Human papillomavirus Parvovirus BlO # 59 A pregnant woman was registered in an antenatal clinic and underwent complex examination for a number of infections. Blood serum contained IgM to the rubella virus. What is this result indicative of? Of a chronic process Of recurring infection with rubella virus @Of primary infection Of exacerbation of a chronic disease The woman is healthy # 60 A gross investigation of a brain at a post-mortem revealed the edema, a plethora, and fine hemorrhage in medulla oblongata. A microscopical investigation showed a chromatolysis, hydropy and a necrosis of nervous cells. In addition, the eosinophilic intracytoplasmic formations (little bodies the Babesh-Negri bodies) were defined in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. What diagnosis answers the described morphological implications? @Rabies Meningococcal meningitis Encephalitis Encephalomyelitis Brucellosis # 61 A man who was bitten by the unknown dog applied to the surgeon. Wide ragged woundes were localized on the face. What curative-prophylactic aid should be given to prevent rabies? @Start immunisation with rabies vaccine Immediately inject normal gamma globulin Prescribe combined antibiotic therapy Immediate injection of DPT(Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetanus) vaccine Hospitalize the patient and keep under the doctor's supervision # Quarantine and other infection # 1 A histological investigation of a skin biopsy showed serous-hemorrhagic inflammation and a focus of necrosis. His medical records revealed the beginning of the disease from a small red maculae formation with the bubble in the centre, filled by serous-hemorrhagic liquid. Subsequently the central part became black. What disease is the most probable? @Carbuncle at a malignant anthrax Actinomycosis of skin Allergic dermatitis Streptococcal carbuncle Chemical dermatitis # 2 The worker of a stockbreeding farm presented to the hospital with acute disease and died soon of intoxication. An autopsy revealed the enlarged, flaccid spleen, which had a dark-cherry colouring of its cut surface. The scrape of the spleen's pulp was plentiful. Arachnoids of the brain's fornix and base were edematous, impregnated by blood, had a dark red colouring ("cardinal's hat"). Microscopical investigation found the serous- hemorrhagic inflammation of brain's membranes and tissues with destruction of fine vessels walls. Diagnose a disease. @Anthrax Tularemia Brucellosis Plague Cholera # 3 A worker of the agricultural enterprise presented with an acute disease and died soon of intoxication. An autopsy revealed the enlarged and flaccid spleen with a dark-cherry coloring of a cut surface. There were a superfluous pulp's scrape from the lien cut surface. Arachnoids of the brain's fornix and base were edematous, impregnated by blood ('red cap' or 'cardinal's hat'). Microscopical investigation found the serous- hemorrhagic inflammation of brain's membranes and cerebral tissues. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Anthrax Tularemia Plague Cholera Brucellosis # 4 The patient of 34 years has addressed to a doctor concerning a carbuncle on the face. During the review: leaky edema of a hypodermic fat without a pain, in the center of the carbuncle is a black crust, on periphery of the carbuncle - vesicular rashes. Microbiological research has found out presence of non-motile streptobacilli that are capable to form capsules. Which microorganisms are pathogens of the given illness? @Bacillus anthracis Staptylococcus aureus Bacillus anthracoides Bacillus subtilis Bacillus megaterium # 5 During external survey the doctor has found out cone-like infiltrate of bright red color with sharply expressed edema of tissues in 42 years old man, working as butcher. In the center of an infiltrate is black eschar. About which disease can you think? @Anthrax Abscess Furunculosis Plague Phlegmon of a brush # 6 A 42-year-old woman, who worked at a fur atelier, suddenly died. An autopsy revealed dark red, impregnated by blood arachnoids of the brain's fornix and base, which reminded a red cap. Microscopical investigation found the serous- hemorrhagic inflammation of brain's membranes and tissues with necrosis of fine vessels walls and numerous hemorrhages. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Anthrax Cerebral hemorrhage in case of hypertension disease Cerebral hemorrhage due to trauma Meningococcal infection Tubercular leptomeningitis # 7 A 48-year-old butcher died of a sepsis. A gross investigation of his right cheek revealed a dense, dark red, 6 cm in diameter, corn-shape infiltrate with a black crust in its centre. The right half of his face and neck were edematous and solid. A microscopical investigation of a lesion showed the peracute serous- hemorrhagic inflammation with epidermal and adjacent tissue necrosis within the central zone of an infiltrate. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Anthrax Plague Tularemia Phlegmon of a neck Furuncle # 8 During the examination of a patient, who had been to the mountain pasture and had been hospitalized in a bad condition with fever, the doctor found out the enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes to 8 cm, which were attached to the surrounding tissues, immovable, the skin above them was red and tender. The microscopic examination of the node revealed acute serohemorrhagic inflammation. What disease is it typical for? Brucellosis Syphilis Anthrax Tularemia @Plague # 9 A 38-year-old patient was on mountain pastures and then presented to the hospital in severe condition, with high body temperature. A physical investigation revealed the lymph nodes were markedly enlarged, soldered to surrounding tissue, motionless, a skin over them was red and very painful. A microscopical study of a lymph node showed the peracute serous-hemorrhagic inflammation. For what disease it is characteristic? @Plague Tularemia Syphilis Brucellosis Anthrax # 10 An autopsy of the patient who died of a plague revealed a hemorrhagic syndrome, accompanied with the hemorrhagic necrosis of a hip skin, a lymphangitis and an inguinal hemorrhagic lymphadenitis. Name the plague form. @Dermo-bubonic Bubonic Primary septic Primary pulmonic Hemorrhagic # 11 Eruptions on a skin, which were accompanied by a strong itch, increased body temperature up to 38°C, pain in joints has appeared in a child sick with diphtheria in 10 days after introduction of antitoxic antidiphtheritic serum. What is the reason of these phenomena? @Serum illness Anaphylactic reaction Atopy Hypersensitivity of delayed type Contact allergy # 12 A child with diphtheria 10 days after injection of antitoxic antidiphtherial serum has developed skin rash, accompanied by severe itch, rising temperature up to 380C and joints pain. What is the cause of these symptoms? Delayed type of hypersensitivity Anaphylactic reaction Contact allergy Atopia @Serum sickness # 13 A child presented with diphtheria and died on the 2nd week of the disease from an acute heart failure. A post- mortem revealed numerous fine centres of a myolysis, accompanied with some perifocal lymphoid infiltration. What became a cause of death? @Myocarditis, caused by bacterial ectotoxin Bacterial myocarditis Septic myocarditis Myocardial infarction Metabolic myocardial necrosis # 14 A histological investigation of a myocardium revealed fatty dystrophy and plural necroses of cardiomyocytes, few focal cellular interstitial infiltrates. A medical record showed that a child had diphtheria, resulted in the heart failure. |