Пособие по обучению практике устной и письменной речи (начальный этап) на английском языке Под ред. О. В. Серкиной
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British Healthcare System In Britain, healthcare is paid for through taxes and national insurance payments taken directly from wages and salaries. The government decides how much will be spent on the National Health Service, but a lot of people feel they do not spend enough. Hospital treatment and visits to a family doctor (or GP) at a surgery or clinic are free, but there is a prescription charge. Dentists and opticians charge fees. Private healthcare is available, and a large number of insurance schemes exist to enable people to ‘go private’. (a) small centre with just two or three doctors (b) choose private healthcare (c) general expression for all of the services offered by hospitals, clinics, dentists, opticians, etc. (d) large centre with several doctors and kinds of services (e) tax paid by most adults which covers the costs of healthcare for everyone (f) charge for the medication the doctor prescribes, which you pay at a pharmacy (g) British name for the service that covers hospitals, clinics, dentists, etc. (h) doctor who looks after people’s general health 4.17. a) Put each of the following verbs in the correct space in the instructions. a) move raise lower turn hang stand  1) ____ with your feet apart. Let your arms ___ by your sides.2) ____ your arms above your head. 3) ____ your body first to the left, then to the right. (Don’t ____ your feet.) 4) ____ your arms to your sides again. b) touch lean hold bend bring straighten  1) Sit on the front part of the chair, with your feet on the floor.2) ____ the sides of the chair. 3) ____ back against the back of the chair. 4) ____ your knees, and _____ them up to _____ your chest. 5) ____ your legs and lower them to the floor again. b) Using the words from the exercises above, give instructions how to do the exercises shown in the pictures below..  4.18. a) Study the following metaphors and idioms relating to health and keeping fit. Think of similar Russian idioms or proverbs. Explain their meaning in English. b) Use the metaphors to make up your own sentences. a) Medical metaphors Problems and bad situations in society or other aspects of people’s lives are often talked about as if they were illnesses. The word symptom is often used when talking about problems in society. The current spate of car thefts is a symptom of a deeper underlying problem. This behaviour is symptomatic of his general lack of self-confidence. The causes of a problem can be diagnosed and the outlook for a situation can also be referred to as the prognosis in the same way as we talk about the prognosis of an illness. ailing means having a lot of problems; rash of something means “a number of similar things happening at the same time”; World Cup fever means great excitement; at fever pitch, to reach fever pitch refers to a point of very high intensity; a jaundiced view (of smth.) - unenthusiastic or skeptical because of previous bad experiences; to carry the scars of / be scarred by means “be permanently affected by a negative experience”; b) Sport and fitness metaphors I scored an own goal (= made things worse rather than better) when I told my boss it had only taken me a day to write the report. Now she wants me to write several a week. My boss always seems to be moving the goalposts (= changing the rules), which makes it very difficult to know what he wants. The new EU laws aim to provide a level playing field (= fair situation)for all member states. He’s too young to be in the running (= seriously considered)for such a job. The two main parties in the election are still neck and neck (= level with smb. and equally likely to win) in the opinion polls. Politicians often skate around (= don’t talk directly about)a subject. The students all sailed through (= passed very easily)their exams. ACQUIRING COMMUNICATION SKILLS 4.19. Read the dialogues and discuss the questions below with a partner. 1. A Visit to the Doctor Doctor: Well, what's the matter with you, Mr. Walker? Mr. Walker: You’d better ask me what is not the matter with me, doctor. I seem to be suffering from all the illnesses imaginable: insomnia, headaches, backache, indigestion, constipation, and pains in the stomach. To make things still worse, I’ve caught a cold, I’ve got a sore throat, and I’m constantly sneezing and coughing. To crown it all, I had an accident the other day, and hurt my right shoulder, leg and knee, and nearly broke my neck. If I take a long walk, I get short of breath. In fact, I feel more dead than alive. Doctor: I’m sorry to hear that. Anyhow, I hope things aren’t as bad as you imagine. Let me examine you. Your heart, chest and lungs seem to be all right. Now open your mouth and show me your tongue. Now breathe in deeply, through the nose ... There doesn’t seem to be anything radically wrong with you, but it’s quite clear that you’re run down, and if you don’t take care of yourself, you may have a nervous breakdown and have to go to hospital. I advise you, first of all, to stop worrying. Take a long rest, have regular meals, keep to a diet of salads and fruit, and very little meat. Keep off alcohol. If possible, give up smoking, at least for a time. Have this tonic made up and take two tablespoonfuls three times a day before meals. If you do this, I can promise you full recovery within two or three months. Mr. Walker: And if I don’t, doctor? Doctor: Then you’d better make your will, if you haven’t yet done so. Mr. Walker: I see. Well, thank you, doctor. I shall have to think it over and decide which is the lesser evil: to follow your advice or prepare for a better world. 2. At the Dentist’s Nell: Hello, is that you, Bert? Nell here. I'm so glad I've found you in. Bert: Hello, Nell. How’re things? Nell: Fine. Listen, Bert. I’m bursting with news. Just imagine - yesterday I had the first real patient of my own. Bert: You don’t say so! Who was it? Nell: A nice old dear with a lot of teeth to be pulled out. It’s such wonderful practice for me! Bert: Are you quite sure that some of his teeth couldn’t be filled? Nell: None of them! I sent him to have his teeth X-rayed, so it’s all right. Bert: How did you manage to get such a marvellous patient, I wonder? Nell: He came with a bad toothache. It had been bothering him for a day or two already. Bert: Were there no other dentists in the surgery? Nell: No, I was the only one. It was Sunday. Bert: Poor old thing! I hope you didn’t try to pull out all his teeth at once, did you? Nell: Don’t be silly. I just chose the easiest one to begin with. Bert: I see ... And how did you get along? Nell: Wonderfully. I tested his blood pressure and gave him a couple of injections, though he said that my smile worked better than any injection. Bert: Oh, he did, did he? And he didn’t have a heart attack after the tooth was taken out? It would have been natural for an old man. Nell: No, he just felt a bit sick and giddy. I gave him a tonic and told him to stay in bed for a while and take his temperature. Bert: Perhaps I’d better drop in and check his heart? I’m on sick leave now and can do it at any time. Nell: You needn’t. I’ll ring him up and in case he’s running a high temperature, I’ll let you know. But I do hope he won’t. The day after tomorrow he’s coming again. Bert: Are you sure he’s not going to make an appointment with some other dentist? Nell: I don’t think he will. When he was leaving, he said he looked forward to having all his teeth pulled out and he would keep them all as souvenirs to remember me by. Bert: Well, I wish you good luck then. Hope to hear from you soon. Bye for now, Nell. Nell: Good-bye, Bert. I’ll let you know how things are going on. Questions: 1. What do you usually do when you get sick? 2. How often do you go to see the doctor? What specialists do you usually visit? 3. Do you always follow the doctor’s prescriptions? 4. How often do you visit the dentist? What problems with your teeth do you usually suffer from? 5. How would you feel when treated by a young doctor, who might have not very much experience? Have you ever been treated by such? 6. What usual treatment do Russian patients get from dentists? 4.20. a) Are you or any of your friends or relatives hypochondriac? Can a hypochondriac be treated or cured? Read the text and discuss these questions and the situation described in the text with a partner. b) Find a synonym to the word ‘doctor’ used in the text. c) Ask 7-10 questions about the text and be ready to retell the story. A Victim to One Hundred and Seven Fatal Maladies from “Three Men in a Boat” by Jerome K. Jerome I remember going to the British Museum one day to read up the treatment for some slight ailment. I got down the book and read all I came to read; and then, in an unthinking moment, I idly turned the leaves and began to study diseases, generally. I forgot which was the first, and before I had glanced half down the list of “premonitory symptoms”, I was sure that I had got it. I sat for a while frozen with horror; and then in despair I again turned over the pages. I came to typhoid fever - read the symptoms - discovered that I had typhoid fever - began to get interested in my case, and so started alphabetically. Cholera I had, with severe complications; and diphtheria I seemed to have been born with. I looked through the twenty-six letters, and the only disease I had not got was housemaid’s knee. I sat and thought what an interesting case I must be from a medical point of view. Students would have no need to “walk the hospitals” if they had me. I was a hospital in myself. All they need do would be to walk round me, and, after that, take their diploma. Then I wondered how long I had to live. I tried to examine myself. I felt my pulse. I could not at first feel any pulse at all. Then, all of a sudden, it seemed to start off. I pulled out my watch and timed it. I made it a hundred and forty-seven to the minute. I tried to feel my heart. I could not feel my heart. It had stopped beating. I patted myself all over my front, from what I call my waist up to my head, but I could not feel or hear anything. I tried to look at my tongue. I stuck it out as far as ever it would go, and I shut one eye and tried to examine it with the other. I could only see the tip, but I felt more certain than before that I had scarlet fever. I had walked into the reading-room a happy, healthy man. I crawled out a miserable wreck. I went to my medical man. He is an old chum of mine, and feels my pulse, and looks at my tongue, and talks about the weather, all for nothing, when I fancy I’m ill. So I went straight up and saw him, and he said: “Well, what’s the matter with you?” I said: “I will not take up your time, dear boy, with telling you what is the matter with me. Life is short and you might pass away before I had finished. But I will tell you what is not the matter with me. Everything else, however, I have got.” And I told him how I came to discover it all. Then he opened me and looked down me, and took hold of my wrist, and then he hit me over the chest when I wasn’t expecting it - a cowardly thing to do, I call it. After that, he sat down and wrote out a prescription, and folded it up and gave it me, and I put it in my pocket and went out. I did not open it, I took it to the nearest chemist’s, and handed it in. The man read it, and then handed it back. He said he didn’t keep it. I said: “You are a chemist?” He said: “I am a chemist. If I was a co-operative store and family hotel combined, I might be able to oblige you.” I read the prescriptions. It ran: “1 lb. beefsteak, with 1 pt. bitter beer every six hours. 1 ten-mile walk every morning. 1 bed at 11 sharp every night. And don't stuff up your head with things you don't understand.” I followed the directions with the happy result that my life was preserved and is still going on. 4.21. a) Work with a partner. Read the humorous stories below and retell them using reported speech. b) Think of some Russian funny stories about doctors and patients and try to render them in English. c) Health problems are not funny whatsoever, so why do people in most countries tend to make up humorous stories about them? 1) An old gentleman came to see the doctor. The man was very ill. The doctor looked at him and said, “No medicine can help you. If you want to be well again, you must have a good rest. Go to a quiet place for a month, go to bed early, eat more roast beef, drink lots of milk but don’t smoke more than one cigarette a day.” A month later the gentleman came into the doctor’s office. He was a different man. “Oh, doctor!” he said. “Thank you very much. Everything is fine and I am well again. But, doctor, it’s not easy to begin smoking at my age.” 2) Hob was sitting in the doctor’s waiting-room. On the chairs at the wall other patients were sitting. They all looked sad except Hob who was reading an exciting story in a magazine. Just then the doctor came in to say that he was ready to see the next person. Hob got up and went into the consulting room. Before Hob could say a word the doctor said, “Now what’s the trouble? Sit down there and we’ll have a look at you. Unfasten your jacket and your shirt, please. I’ll listen to your heart.” Hob tried to speak, but the doctor interrupted him and ordered him to say “ninety-nine”. Hob said it. “Now let me see your throat, open your mouth wide.” The doctor had a good look and then he said, “Well, there’s nothing wrong with you.” “I know there isn’t,” said Hob, "I just came to get a bottle of medicine for my uncle." 3) A man went to his doctor and requested treatment for his ankle. After a careful examination, the doctor asked: “How long have you been going about like this?” “Two weeks.” “Why, man, your ankle is broken! How didn’t you come to me at first?” “Well, doctor, every time I say something is wrong with me, my wife goes at me and says I’ll have to get over my habit of smoking.” 4) – You say he left no money. - No. You see, he lost his health getting wealthy and lost his wealth trying to get healthy. 4.22. a) Often the humorous effect is based on play of words or unexpected turn of the story. Work with a partner, read the beginnings of some funny stories and try to finish them, adding a couple of phrases. Don’t forget that the stories are to be HUMOROUS! b) What does patient actually mean by the phrase ‘Can I get a second opinion?’ in one of the dialogues? 1) Patient: Doctor, I think that I've been bitten by a vampire. Doctor: ... 2) A man goes to the doctor and says, “Doctor, wherever I touch, it hurts.” The doctor asks, “What do you mean?” The man says, … 3) The doctor to the patient: “You are very sick.” The patient to the doctor: “Can I get a second opinion?” The doctor again: … 4) Patient: Doctor, I have a pain in my eye whenever I drink tea. Doctor: … 5) Patient: Doctor! You’ve got to help me! Nobody ever listens to me. No one ever pays any attention to what I have to say. Doctor: … 6) Question: What did the doctor say when the invisible man called to make an appointment? Answer: … 7) - I have an awful toothache. - I’d have that tooth taken out if it was mine. - … c) Now read the original dialogues and check your guesses. How different are they? Are there any similar jokes in Russia? |