Пособие по обучению практике устной и письменной речи (начальный этап) на английском языке Под ред. О. В. Серкиной
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main responsibilities/ main duties, daily routine, to hold a position (= have a position): Thorn holds one of the most senior positions in the Federal Bank.senior (adj only before noun) (= someone who has a high position): senior manager; top manager (lawyer, executive, etc) (= someone who has one of the most powerful jobs in business, or one of the most important jobs in a profession): The President met with top Korean businessmen. There are still not many women in top jobs. high ranking officer/ official/ member, etc. (= someone who has a high position in an organization like the army or police, or in a government department, but not in business): a high-ranking officer in the air force, a high-ranking State Department official; junior (adj only before noun) (= someone who has a lower position than someone else): junior reporter, junior officer. assistant manager (editor, director, etc.) (= someone whose job is just below the position of a manager, etc): My mother is an assistant principal at a school in Washington. I'm in charge of (= responsible for part of something)all deliveries out of the factory. I have to deal with any complaints (= take all necessary action if there are complaints). I run the coffee bar and restaurant in the museum (= I am in control of something/ I manage it). Daily duties/routines: I have to go to/ attend (formal) a lot of meetings. I visit/ see/ meet clients. I advise clients (= give them help and my opinion). It involves doing quite a lot of paperwork (a general word we use for routine work that involves paper e.g. writing letters, filling in forms, etc.). How important is job satisfaction to you? Pay: salary (=paid every month and goes directly into their bank account), wages (=paid weekly and directly to the employee),to earn, holiday pay, sick pay, income, perks (informal) / fringe benefits/ (extra) benefits (formal) (= extra things apart from salary), salary increments/ pay rise, incentives, basic, compensation, fee, honorarium, unemployment benefit, bonus, to be on the dole, sickness benefit; Working conditions: to go to work, to be at work, a nine-to-five job, regular working hours, unsociable hours, to work flexi-time/ to be on flexi-time, to do shift-work, to work nights (days), to be shift-worker, to work overtime, working condition, holiday entitlement, to be overworked and underpaid, to work in close-knit teams, diverse range of clients, core hours, to clock in, to clock out, to work from home with one’s computer, to be a teleworker, to work freelance/ to be freelance, supportive environment. b) Study this information in order to use the following words correctly. Work (uncountable) is a general word to talk about what you do every day in order to earn money: My father started work when he was 14 years old. I have to go to work. It can also be used when there is no payment or you are not working for someone else: volunteer work. Job is the particular kind of work that you do regularly in order to earn money, especially when you work for a company or a public organization: My first job was in a record store. She has a well-paid job in the tax department. Don’t say “What’s your job?” or “What’s your work?” when you want to know what someone does to earn money. Say “What do you do?” or “What do you do for a living?” Occupation is a formal word for ‘job’ that is used on official forms: Please state your age, address, and occupation in the space below. Position is a formal word for a particular job in a company, at a university, etc.: He eventually became Lord Chancellor, the most powerful position in the British legal system. Position is also used for a job that is advertised in the newspaper or by the person who is answering the advertisement: I am writing to apply for the position of Assistant Manager. Post is used mainly for very important jobs, especially ones in the government: a senior post at the State Department. In informal use, the type of work you do may be called your line of work/ business: It’s not easy to get into this line of business. A trade is a skilled work in which you make or do things with your hands: Brown is a carpenter by trade. A profession is a type of work such as in law, medicine, or teaching, for which you need special training and education: the teaching/medical/legal profession. There are now a lot more women in the legal profession. Some professions, such as teaching and nursing, are also called vocations, which suggests that people do them in order to help others rather than to earn a lot of money. A career is the type of work that you do for most of your life or for a long time: She started her acting career on stage in New York. Business (uncountable) is the work that companies do when they buy and sell goods and services: Business in Europe has been badly affected by bad economic conditions. A business (countable) is a company, shop, or factory that sells goods or provides services, especially one that employs only a small number of people or only one person: Norm’s a gardener – he has his own business. A company is any organization, either large or small, that produces goods or provides services in order to make a profit: The company employs over 10,000 people worldwide. A firm is a company that provides services (often financial or legal services) rather than produces goods: law/electronics/buildings, etc. firms; firm of lawyers/ accountants, etc. Ed’s just got a job with a firm of accountants in Boston. Ltd (BrE), Inc(AmE) are the written abbreviations of “Limited” and “Incorporated” which are used after the name of a large or small company to show that it is legally responsible for only a limited amount of money if the company gets into debts: Stevenson Securities Ltd; Corp. is the written abbreviation of “Corporation” which is used after the name of a large company, especially in the US: Federal Express Corp. Plc. is the abbreviation of “Public Limited Company”; it is used in Britain after the name of a large company that ordinary people can buy shares in: Marks & Spencer plc. A level is all the job in organization that are similar in importance and that pay the same amount of money: We provide training for staff at all levels in the company. A rank is someone’s position in an organization such as the army or police force: He joined the LA police department and was quickly promoted to the rank of the lieutenant. Don’t use rank about someone who works in a company, a school, etc. a) vet c) plumber e) electrician g) cleaner i) lawyer b) chef d) architect f) refuse collector h) dustman j)dressmaker 6.3. Would you call the following ‘a trade’, ‘a profession’ or ‘an unskilled job’? 6.4. a) Look through the lists of things below and name a job where you may use them. Example: bucket, ladder, leather window cleaner a) board, overhead projector, chalk ____________ b) scalpel, mask, forceps _______________________ c) fax machine, filing cabinet, stapler _____________ d) make-up, script, microphone __________________ e) tractor, plough, barn ________________________ f) sewing machine, scissors, needle _______________ g) scissors, styling gel, hair drier __________________ h) tray, napkin, menu __________________________ i) nuts, spanner, screws ________________________ ( b) Match each occupation on the left below with the most appropriate tool or piece of equipment on the right. a) doctor a rake (b) gardener a hose (c) jockey a plane (d) chef an axe (e) fireman a baton (f) lumberjack a stethoscope (g) conductor a rolling pin (h) blacksmith an anchor (i) carpenter a whip (j) photographer a spanner (k) mechanic an exposure metre (l) sailor an anvil (m) violinist a scalpel (n) window cleaner a truncheon (o) fisherman a pneumatic drill (p) tailor a bucket (q) surgeon a bow (r) usherette a tape measure (s) policeman a net (t) bricklayer a spade 6.5. Match each person on the left with the correct definition on the right. (a) a traffic warden (1) arranges shop window displays (b) a dustman (2) makes brick building and walls (c) a window dresser (3) works in a government ministry (d) an estate agent (4) controls parking and parking meters (e) an auctioneer (5) collects rubbish from people’s houses (f) an undertaker (6) treats sick animals (g) a bricklayer (7) helps people buy and sell houses (h) a civil servant (8) tests people’s eyes and sells glasses (i) a vet (9) delivers babies (j) a fishmonger (10) makes arrangements for funerals (k) a midwife (11) sells valuable objects at an auction (l) a chef (12) drives someone’s car for them (m) an architect (13) types letters in an office (n) a librarian (14) designs buildings (o) a miner (15) cooks in a restaurant or hotel (p) a curator (16) designs the insides of houses, hotels, etc. (q) an interior decorator (17) runs a museum (r) a typist (18) works in a library (s) a chauffer (19) get coal from under the ground (t) a clown (20) sells fish from a shop (u) an optician (21) prepares books, newspapers for publication (v) an editor (22) represents his/ her country at an embassy (w) a chiropodist (23) sells flowers from a shop (x) a diplomat (24) loads and unloads ships in a port (y) a florist (25) makes people laugh at a circus (z) a docker (26) treats people’s feet |