Пособие по обучению практике устной и письменной речи (начальный этап) на английском языке Под ред. О. В. Серкиной
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b) Read the text and answer the questions after the text.Choosing an OccupationOne of the most difficult problems a young person faces is deciding what to do about a career. There are individuals, of course, who from the time they are six years old “know” that they want to be doctors or pilots or firefighters, but the majority of us can’t make a decision about a career until somebody or something forces us to face the problem. Many young people are inclined to choose a “popular” trade and having done so they are sure this is just what they want. But soon afterwards they realize they have made a mistake, which is difficult to correct. Choosing an occupation takes time, and there are a lot of things you have to think about, then you have to take special courses to qualify for a particular kind of work, or may find out that you will need to get some work experience. Fortunately, there are a lot of people you can turn to for advice and help in making your decision. There are teachers who can counsel you and give detailed information on job qualifications. And you can talk over your ideas with family members and friends who are always ready to listen and to offer suggestions. In the UK there is a web site www.careers.com which is to help young people find their future career. It was originally designed to help A-Level students to find the right university course, but the site now carries much wider information on careers. Teachers and instructors now run training courses to help parents choose college and university courses for their sons and daughters. One-to-one guidance is extremely important. An experienced adviser can help students see their skills and abilities and help show them the right course. Whatever you choose, all of you have to think about is gaining employment in a job market, which demands increasingly skilled workers. Questions: 1. What is the most difficult thing about a career for young people? Was it difficult for you? 2. What did you want to become when you were a child? 3. What trade are young people sometimes inclined to choose? Is your profession “popular”? What makes you think so? 4. Is it easy to correct the mistake if you chose the wrong profession? What ways to correct this mistake can you suggest? 5. What do you need to make the right choice of your future profession? 6. Who can help you to choose the profession? Did anybody help you? Who was it? 7. What service helps young British people to choose their future career? Who was it originally designed for? What services does the web site provide now? 8. What services are there to help young people choose their future career in Russia? 6.12. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. a) Applying for a Job references short-list experience vacancy qualifications fill in interview applicants apply application forms In times of high unemployment there are usually very many (a)______when a (b)______is advertised. Sometimes large numbers of people (c)______, and send off (d) ______for a single job. It is not unusual, in fact, for hundreds of people to (e) ______to a firm for one post. This number is reduced to a (f)______of perhaps six or eight, from whom a final choice is made when they all attend an (g)______. Very possibly the people interviewing will be interested in the (h)______the candidates gained at school or university and what (i)______they have had in previous jobs. They will probably ask for (j)______written by the candidates’ teachers and employers. b) Choosing the Right Job commute salary prospects promotion retire commission pension ambitious increments perks Job satisfaction is important but I have a wife and baby so I have to think about money too. If a job interests me, I need to know what (a)______it offers and also whether there are regular annual increases, called (b)______. I want to know if I will receive a (c)______when I (d)______at the age of 60 or 65. If the job is selling a product, I ask if I'll receive a percentage of the value of what I sell, called (e)______. It is also important to know if there are extra advantages, like free meals or transport, or the free use of a car. These are called (f)______or fringe benefits. Are the future (g)______good? For example, is there a good chance of (h)______to a better job, with more money and responsibility? Is the job near my home? If it isn't, I’ll have to (i)______every day and this can be expensive. I am very keen to be successful. I am very (j)______. I don’t want to stay in the same job all my life. c) Attitudes to Work and Leisure constructively rewarding challenge conditioned aimless initiative creativity 9 to 5 regimentation scope aspire fulfillment Most adults (a)______ to more leisure but, in fact, not many people have the necessary (b)______ to use the free time they already have very (c)______. The sad fact is that we need work because it imposes the discipline we need. Life seems (d)______ and we secretly look forward to our work again. We dream about personal (e)______ but probably find it more in our work than in our leisure time. This depends on age. The young are free from work and responsibility, and freedom comes naturally to them. However, after they begin jobs they become (f)______ to work. They find they need it, however much they complain about its routine and (g)______. Obviously this again depends on the kind of work. Those with (h)______ jobs, or jobs which require (i)______, receive genuine satisfaction from their work, but most of us are in conventional (j)______ jobs which offer little (k)______ for imagination. We leave our work only to face a leisure that we find difficult to cope with. Our mistake is in regarding leisure as a chance to do nothing, whereas in fact it should be looked on as a (l)______. a 6.13. Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below. t in for to as off of 1. I’m interested ______ this job. 2. What did you study ______ university? 3. He has applied ______ Lufthansa ______ a job ______ an office manager. 4. This job advertisement looks interesting. I’ll send ______ an application form. 5. Have you filled ______ the form yet? 6. You must send ______ the form by 20 May. 7. He’s been ______ that job for two years. 8. She retired ______ the age of 60. 9. A commission means you get a percentage ______ what you sell. 10. The use ______ a company car is a nice perk to have. 11. The sixty applicants were reduced ______ a short-list of four. ACQUIRING COMMUNICATION SKILLS 6.14. Match proper adjectives which would characrerize a person of each profession below and explain your choice. a secretary an accountant the Sale Manager the Director Adjectives: active, attentive, constructive, cooperative, creative, diplomatic, disciplined, energetic, extroverted, independent, methodical, realistic, sincere, systematic, tactful; 6.15. What kind of characteristics would you need to be a pilot, a waiter, a radio reporter, a surgeon, a fisherman, a bank accountant, an actor, a government official, a computer specialist, or a personnel manager? Some characteristics listed below can help you. Work with a partner.
6.16. Read the text and answer the questions after it. Recruitment There are many ways in which an organization can recruit personnel. Posting a list of vacancies on the company notice-board or publishing it in employee magazines is fairly common and gives current employees the opportunity of applying for a position. Similarly, a subordinate may be referred for a position by his or her superior. Another means of recruiting internally is to search in the organization’s existing files. Some companies have a data base of their employees’ skills and special interests. Reviewing these files periodically may reveal employees who are well-suited to a particular position. Although recruiting people within the organization can have many advantages, it does have its limitations. If companies wish to be dynamic it is essential to inject new blood from time to time. Similarly, existing employees may not have the necessary skills that the position requires. Consequently, it is often necessary to recruit people from outside the organization. Advertising is a commonly used technique for recruiting people from outside. The advertising medium should be chosen according to the type of public the organization is aiming at. If a highly specialized person is required, a speciality publication such as trade magazine may be most appropriate. National newspapers and magazines sometimes carry a Senior Appointments section for specialized personnel. Many national and local newspapers have a General Appointments section, or a Classified Ads section for less specialized personnel. Radio and television advertising of vacancies is relatively underdeveloped in most countries. Employment agencies may be another source of recruitment. State-backed agencies compete with private agencies in many countries. In general, private agencies charge a fee whereas public sector agencies offer their services free of charge. Another difference is that private agencies tend to offer more specific services; for example, they may specialize in a particular area of recruitment such as temporary secretaries, middle managers or senior executives. They may also include search services, otherwise known as headhunting, or provide management consulting. Current employees are sometimes encouraged to refer friends, family and ex-colleges to fill a particular vacancy. This is particularly true in occupations such as nursing where there is a shortage of trained people. Other valuable sources of recruitment may be university campuses, trade unions, professional organizations and unsolicited applications. Questions: 1. What are the main types of recruiting? 2. What are the types of internal recruitment? 3. Why do companies often recruit employees from outside? 4. What are some of the ways of looking for a job? Which is the best one, as you think? 6.17. Work with a partner. Choose two jobs each - the one you would most like to have and the one you would least like to have. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the two jobs you have chosen. Use the expressions below. How to ask for an opinion: What do you think of/about …? What’s your opinion of …? How do you find …? How do you feel about …? How to disagree politely with an opinion: Do you really think so? I would agree on that. You must be joking! (informal) I’m not so sure/ certain about that, I’m afraid. (informal) 6.18. Work with a partner. React to the following statements. Use the model below. Model: I’m not working now; the baby’s due in 3 weeks. - She’s on maternity leave. 1. I’ve lost my job. They had to make cutbacks. 2. He is enjoying his life on a pension, although he’s only 58. 3. She has been appointed as a senior sales manager at MBC. 4. I was late so often, so I lost my job last moth. 5. I start work at nine o’clock and go home at five. 6. Your trouble is you are obsessed with work! 6.19. a) The quiz below was devised by a firm of occupational consultants to match people to jobs scientifically. They have divided the modern professional world into four areas of work: People; Procedures and Systems; Communications and Arts; Science and Engineering. Think of two professions to illustrate each group. b) Do the quiz to find out what job suits you best. Discuss your results in class. Instruction for the quizSimply indicate whether you think the statements are True or False. There are no right or wrong answers, just which are true or false for you. Circle only one alternative for each statement.
Interpretation: Ignore all C responses. They simply indicate a lack of interest in a particular area, and should not be included in your scoring. You should now have four scores, each between 0 and 16. A score 0-4 shows very little interest in a particular area. 5-12 is about average. A score of 13 and over shows a strong interest, and the highest of your scores indicates which area of work is most likely to suit the requirements of your individual personality. |