Аракин. Учебник английского языка для студентов языковых специальностей. Аракин. Учебник английского языка для студентов языковых специал. Практический курс английского языка 4 курс Под редакцией В. Д. Аракина
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VOCABULARY EXERCISES 1. Study the essential vocabulary and translate the illustrative examples into Russian. 2. Translate the following sentences into Russian: 1. We avoided riding through large cities on our trip. 2. One would admire his excellent qualities, but avoid his company. 3. You can hardly avoid wounding such persons at one time or another, no matter how unintentionally. 4. They drove on, slowly, gropingly, chattering meanwhile, avoiding the main street as far as possible. 5. A man averts controversy by keeping clear of the subjects that might bring it out. 6. Try as they would they could not avert their eyes from the disgusting sight. 7. Andrew kept his eyes averted. 8. An accident was narrowly averted. 9. After a slight inquiry you had better draw no conclusions. 10. To ignore his greeting was to slight him publicly. 11. There's been a slight improvement in the situation. 12.1 recalled other times he'd slighted his wife, by neglectingto introduce her. 13. Her disgust for falsehood was evident. 14. Handling the frogs and animals in the laboratory disgusted her at first but then she got used to it. 15. Sameness is the mother of disgust, variety the cure. 16. "What's up now?" he asked in a disgusted tone. 17. "It's your kindness that humiliates me even more than your laughter," said the boy. 18. The manner of his reception was a humiliation to Scarlett. 19. It was shocking to discover that one could be humiliated to tears. 20. Why do you persist in humiliating people you argue with? 21. The man is too conceited to be likable. 22. The world tolerates conceit from those who are successful, but not from anybody else. (M. Twain) 23. "Without wishing to sound conceited, I'm clearly the best salesman in the company," he bragged. 24. The conceit of this man is incredible. 25. For a moment the driver was blinded by the glaring headlines of the car that came round the bend in the road but he turned the wheel in time to avert an accident. 26. The glare of the sun on the water made him blink. 27. The report is full of glaring faults. 28. She continued to glare at Ellery with an unwavering glassiness. 29. An extravagant man has extravagant tastes and habits. 30. She lived a life of extravagance and waste. 31. Economy must recover what extravagance has lost. 32. Note that extravagant laughter, extravagant passion do not mean "экстравагантный" but "безудержный, несдержанный". 33. It was cunning of the managing director to sell his shares just before the company went bankrupt. 34. Richard may not be all that bright, but he's certainly cunning. 35. John knew nothing of the desperate and cunning means employed to get him out of his job. 36. What a cunning trick! 3. Give the English equivalents for the following phrases: избегать старых друзей, дурной компании, ошибок, какой-л. пищи, скандала, ссоры, неприятностей, трудностей; избегать обращаться к кому-л., упоминать о чём-л., ездить куда-л.; отводить глаза; отвести взгляд от чего-л.; отвернуть лицо; отвратить опасность; отвести удар; отвратить несчастье; предотвратить войну; предупредить несчастный случай; предотвратить спор; предотвратить провал; тонкая фигурка; хрупкое сооружение; тоненькая девушка; легкая простуда; небольшой кашель; незначительное повреждение; не- большой ушиб; легкое сомнение; ни малейшего подозрения; не иметь ни малейшего понятия о чём-л.; малейший (самый легкий) шум; легкий толчок; относиться к кому-л. с неуважением; пренебрегать работой; несерьезно относиться к занятиям; отвратительный запах; омерзительное зрелище; отвратительный вкус; возмутительное поведение; испытывать отвращение к чему-л.; унизительная ситуация; сгорать от стыда; выносить унижение; унижать кого-л., самодовольный вид; быть о себе высокого мнения; полный самодовольства; ослепительно сверкать на солнце; бросать свирепые (сердитые) взгляды на кого-л.; яркий свет лампочки; ослепительный блеск льда; яркий свет рекламы; вопиющая ошибка; бросающийся в глаза дефект; слепящий свет фар автомобиля; горящие от гнева глаза; расточительная хозяйка; небережливая женщина; сумасбродное (несдержанное) поведение; нелепый язык; безудержная страсть; безудержный смех; дикие требования; непомерные претензии; нелепые обвинения; неумеренные похвалы; неумеренный восторг; безмерное честолюбие; непомерные цены; непомерные расходы; хитрая проделка; хитрые животные; ловкий фокус; коварный взгляд. 4. Paraphrase the following sentences using the essential vocabulary: 1. He knew where the danger lay and took care not to go near it. 2. He said that at all costs the danger must be prevented. 3. She felt she was disrespected because she was not asked to stay. 4. His too much pride in himself is unbearable. 5. The sickening smell caused a strong feeling of dislike in her. 6. John's dignity was lowered by the slight. 7. Sir Peter complained of Lady Teasle's wastefulness in buying roses in winter. 8. Harvey said that Paul's income was not enough to supply Madeline's carelessness in spending money. 5. Answer the following questions. Use the essential vocabulary: 1. What do you do if you don't want to meet a person? 2. When do you avoid somebody? 3. What do you usually avoid or try to avoid doing? 4. How do you think one can best avoid making spelling mistakes, grammar mistakes and mistakes in word usage? 5. How can one avert a controversy? 6. What do you say of a pain or a headache that is not at all serious? 7. How would you feel if your hostess paid too little attention to you? 8. What do you call a very strong feeling of repulsion caused by a bad smell? 9. What do you call an exaggerated opinion of oneself? 10. Why doesn't anybody like people who are full of conceit? 11. What do you call very bright light? 12. When does one glare at somebody? 13. What do you call a mistake that is quite obvious? 14. What do you call one who spends money carelessly? 6. Choose the right word: slight (be, feel slighted); humiliate (be, feel humiliated); hurt (be, feel hurt): 1. When the "Old Guard" refused to visit Scarlett in her new luxurious house she felt... but it didn't... her. She was too conceited to feel.... What really... her badly was Rhett's sneering remark that he had warned her that her extravagance and lack of taste would only make things worse and it would... her. 2. Scarlett felt... and ... when she learned that Ashley would marry Melanie. 3. Scarlett took pains to show her new Yankee acquaintances her indifference and dislike for them. She ... them, sneered at them and they often felt... and... not knowing what had brought about such a change in so pleasant a lady as Mrs Butler. avert, avoid, evade: 1. The key to the code... all his efforts. 2. They saw the danger ahead but could do nothing to ... it. 3. One would admire his excellent qualities, but... his company. 4. She wouldn't answer, she walked hurriedly on with ... face. 5. Please answer the question; do not.... 6. Each person... the eyes of the others. 7. Review the essential vocabulary and translate the following sentences into English: 1. Студентка говорила медленно, стараясь избегать даже небольших ошибок. 2. Было совершенно очевидно, что Мария старалась избегать старых друзей. 3. Казалось, ничто не могло отвратить надвигающуюся опасность 4. Врач уверял Томми, что операция прошла благополучно и не было ни малейшего основания для беспокойства. 5. Нервы Эйлин были так напряжены, что малейший шум заставлял ее вздрагивать. 6. Его плоские шутки мне противны. 7. Всех покоробило (возмутило) его поведение. 8. Элиза чувствовала, что к ней было проявлено неуважение — никто не встретил ее. 9, Ваше недоверие обижает (задевает) меня, я не думал, что вы сомневаетесь в моей искренности, 10. Марион знала, что Гарри приложил много сил, чтобы настроить мальчиков против нее и таким образом унизить и оскорбить ее. 11. Ее очень расстроило, что Чарльз так доверял Джону, этому самонадеянному ловкачу. 12. Никому не нравятся люди с самомнением. 13. Оскорбленный юноша свирепо посмотрел на своего обидчика. 14. Эту грубую ошибку (бросающуюся в глаза) нельзя было не заметить. 15. Гарвей жаловался на расточительность своей жены, упрекал ее в том, что она тратит деньги на пустяки. 16. Дора Копперфильд была расточительной хозяйкой, и бедному Дэвиду не удалось отучить ее от расточительности. 17. Ее очень расстроило, что Чарльз так доверял Джону, этому самонадеянному ловкачу. 18. Марион знала, что Гарри приложил много сил, чтобы настроить мальчиков против нее и таким образом унизить и оскорбить ее. 8. a) Give the Russian equivalents for the following English proverbs (or translate them into Russian): 1. A good husband makes a good wife. 2. Many in haste and repent at leisure. 3. Blood is thicker than water. b) Explain inEnglish the meaning of each proverb. c) Make up a dialogue to illustrate one of the proverbs. conversation and discussion FAMILY LIFE TOPICAL VOCABULARY 1. Family, folks, household, tribe, clan, descent (to be of some descent), descendant, ancestor, forefather, heredity, hereditary, sibling, paternal, maternal, next of kin, nearest and dearest, one's own flesh and blood, in-laws. 2. To date smb, to be smb's date, to go out with smb, to court smb, boyfriend, girlfriend, bridegroom, bride, fiancee, best man, bridesmaid, newlyweds, marriage knot, marriage of convenience, single, spouse, divorced, divorcee, separated, bachelor, spinster, old maid. 3. To bring up a child, to raise a child, to adopt a child, to foster, a foster child/brother, step-mother/father, half-brother/sister, a single parent. 4. Household chores: to do the chores, to do the laundry, to wash dishes and pots, to wash up, to cook meals, to do the shopping, a shopping list, to vacuum a room, to polish furniture, to redecorate a room (with new wallpaper). 5. Equality and prejudice: to consider smb inferior/superior or as an equal; to enjoy equal prospects and opportunity; equality of opportunity; conventional/unconventional attitudes/beliefs-; acceptable/unacceptable patterns/modes of behaviour; to be prejudiced against smb; to discriminate against; sexual discrimination; to be faithful; to commit adultery. 6. Reactions: amazement, surprise, astonishment, horror, misery, disappointment, to be appalled, to be astounded, to be disgusted; ecstatic, overjoyed, thrilled; to be put out, to be offended, to hurt someone's feelings; furious, speechless with anger; to be taken aback; to be upset, to be dismayed, to be disheartened, moving, touching; to feel crushed, horror-stricken. The Politics of Housework It seemed perfectly reasonable. We both had careers, both had to work a couple of days a week to earn enough to live on, so why shouldn't we share the housework? So, I suggested it to my mate and he agreed. You're right, he said. It's only fair. Then an interesting thing happened. I can only explain it by stating that we women have been brainwashed more than even we can imagine. Probably too many years of seeing television women in ecstasy over shiny waxed floors or breaking down over their dirty shirt collars. Men have no such conditioning. They recognize the essential fact of housework right from the very beginning. Which is that it stinks. Here's my list of dirty chores: buying groceries, carting them home and putting them away; cooking meals and washing dishes and pots; doing the laundry; digging out the place when things get out of control; washing floors. The list could go on but the sheer necessities are bad enough. All of us have to do these things, or get someone else to do them for us. The longer my husband contemplated these chores, the more repulsed he became, and so proceeded the change from the normally sweet considerate Dr Jekyll into the crafty Mr Hyde who would stop at nothing to avoid the horrors of housework. As he felt himself backed into a corner laden with dirty dishes, brooms, mops and reeking garbage, his front teeth grew longer and pointer, his finger-nails haggled and his eyes grew wild. Housework trivial? Not on your life! Just try to share the burden. So ensued a dialogue that's been going on for several years. Here are some of the high points: I don't mind sharing the housework, but I don't do it very well. We should each do the things we're best at. MEANING Unfortunately I'm no good at things like washing dishes or cooking. What I do best is a little light carpentry, changing light bulbs, moving furniture (how often do you move furniture?) ALSO MEANING Historically the lower classes (Black men and us) have had hundreds of years experience doing mental jobs. It would be a waste of manpower to train someone else to do them now. ALSO MEANING I don't like the dull stupid boring jobs, so you should do them. I don't mind sharing the work, but you'll have to show me how to do it! MEANING I ask a lot of questions and you'll have to show me everything every time I do it because I don't remember so good. Also don't try to sit down and read while I'm doing my jobs because I'mgoing to annoy hell out of you until it's easier to do them yourself. We used to be so happy! (Said whenever it was his turn to do something.) MEANING I used to be so happy. MEANING Life without housework is bliss. No quarrel here. Perfect agreement. We have different standards, and why should I have to work to your standards. That's unfair. MEANING If I begin to get bugged by the dirt and crap I will say "This place is a sty" or "How can anyone live like this?" and wait for your reaction. I know that all women have a sore called "Guilt over a messy house" or "Household work is ultimately my responsibility." I know that men have caused that sore — if anyone visits and the place is a sty, they're not going to leave and say, "He sure is a lousy housekeeper." You'll take the rap in any case. I can outwait you. ALSO MEANING I can provoke innumerable scenes over the housework issue. Eventually doing all the housework yourself will be less painful to you than trying to get me to do half. Or I'll suggest we get a maid. She will do my share of the work. You will do yours. It's women's work. I've got nothing against sharing the housework, but you can't make me do it on your schedule. MEANING Passive resistance. I'll do it when I damned well please, if at all. If my job is doing dishes, it's easier to do them once a week. If taking our laundry, once a month. If washing the floors, once a year. If you don't like it, do it yourself oftener, and then I won't do it at all. I hate it more than you. You don't mind it so much. MEANING Housework is garbage work. It's the worst crap I've ever done. It's degrading and humiliating for someone of my intelligence to do it. But for someone of your intelligence... Housework is too trivial to even talk about. MEANING It's even more trivial to do. Housework is beneath my status. My purpose in life is to deal with matters of significance. Yours is to deal with matters of insignificance. You should do the housework. This problem of housework is not a man-woman problem. In any relationship between two people one is going to have a stronger personality and dominate. MEANING That stronger personality had better be me. In animal societies, wolves, for example, the top animal is usually a male even where he is not chosen for brute strenght but on the basis of cunning and intelligence. Isn't that interesting? MEANING I have historical, psychological, anthropological and biological justification for keeping you down. How can you ask the top wolf to be equal? Women's Liberation isn't really a political movement. MEANING The Revolution is coming too close to home. ALSO MEANING I am only interested in how I am oppressed, not how I oppress others. Therefore the war, the draft and the university are political. Women's Liberation is not. Alan's accomplishments have always depended on getting help from other people, mostly women. What great man woul have accomplished what he did if he had to do his own housework? MEANING Oppression is built into the system and I as the white American male receive the benefits of this system. I don't want to give them up. (From: "Voices from Women's Liberation") 1. As you read the text a) look for the answers to the following questions: 1. Why do some men agree to help with the housework, at least in theory? 2. Do you think "dirty chores" is a suitable heading for the list of work that follows? 3. Do you find the additional meanings to the first excuse accurate? 4. What sort of emotional blackmail do husbands use as an excuse? 5. Do you think playing ignorant is a good way of avoiding doing jobs you don't want to do? 6. Is it possible to let housework wait until you want to do it as the man implies? 7. What gives you the idea that this man has a superiority complex? 8. How accurate is the man's picture of housework? b) In a paragraph of around 80 words, sum up men's attitude to sharing the housework, according to the writer of the text. 2. a) Draw a family tree for yourself and using the topical vocabulary explain the relationship between your immediate ancestors and any interesting facts about them. b) Answer the following questions using the topical vocabulary: 1. What are the usual steps that precede marriage? 2. Have you ever witnessed a wedding ceremony? Describe it naming all the participants and their activities. 3. Under what circumstances can a family foster a child? Think of some example. 4. Do you believe house chores should be distributed among the members of the family? 5. What would you take into consideration while distributing house chores in your family? 6. What do you like to do about the house and what do you dislike? 7. What would you do if your husband/wife comes home from work tired and irritated? 8. If you feel ill-treated or hurt by your husband/wife do you think you should have, the matter out at once or would you wait till you cool down ? |