практика. !!!ПРАКТИКУМ 1 часть. Практикум для курсантов, обучающихся на многоуровневой основе в 2 частях Часть 1 3е издание, переработанное
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ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «УЛЬЯНОВСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ АВИАЦИИ ИМЕНИ ГЛАВНОГО МАРШАЛА АВИАЦИИ Б. П. БУГАЕВА» АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК Практикум для курсантов, обучающихся на многоуровневой основе В 2 частях Часть 1 3-е издание, переработанное Ульяновск 2020 Английский язык : практикум для курсантов, обучающихся на многоуровневой основе : в 2 ч. Ч. 1 / сост. И. А. Ермилова, Н. А. Комлева, С. А. Мехоношина. – 3-е изд., перераб. – Ульяновск : УИ ГА, 2020. – 158 с. Содержит аутентичные тексты и упражнения для формирования, развития и закрепления лексических навыков, навыков чтения, навыков восприятия звучащей речи (аудирования), а также навыков диалогической и монологической речи в сфере бытовой коммуникации. Разработан в соответствии с Федеральным государственным образовательным стандартом и рабочими программами учебных дисциплин «Английский язык» и «Иностранный язык». Предназначен для курсантов первого и второго курсов направления подготовки 25.05.05 Эксплуатация воздушных судов и организация воздушного движения и направлений подготовки 25.03.03 Аэронавигация, 25.03.04 Эксплуатация аэропортов и обеспечение полетов воздушных судов, 20.03.01 Техносферная безопасность, 27.03.02 Управление качеством. Оглавление Предисловие……………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Acquaintance. About myself………………………………………………………………... 4 Daily routine………………………………………………………………………………. .14 Hobbies …………………………………………………………………………………… 27 Family………………………………………………………………………………………38 Appearance and personality………………………………………………………………...44 Accommodation…………………………………………………………………………….76 City / Town. Countryside………………………………………………………………….. 91 Food and meals……………………………………………………………………………..96 Occupation…………………………………………………………………………….......117 Money. Banks……………………………………………………………………………..133 ОБЩИЕ СВЕДЕНИЯ Настоящий практикум подготовлен на кафедре иностранных языков Ульяновского института гражданской авиации имени Главного маршала авиации Б. П. Бугаева. Практикум состоит из двух частей и рассчитан на курсантов первого и второго курсов всех направлений подготовки. Цель практикума – научить курсантов практическому использованию лексико-грамматического материала в устных и письменных высказываниях на темы общего характера. Данное пособие организовано по тематическому принципу и состоит из десяти разделов:
Каждый раздел пособия включает в себя предтекстовые упражнения, тексты, вопросы и задания, контролирующие понимание текстов, диалоги и ситуации для их составления, серию послетекстовых лексических упражнений, проблемные ситуации для обсуждения в устной и письменной форме, упражнения на аудирование. Представленный в пособии материал имеет разный уровень сложности и может быть использован на практических занятиях в группах с разным уровнем подготовки курсантов, а также для работы со студентами заочной формы обучения, на практических занятиях и для самостоятельной работы. Надеемся, что данное пособие будет способствовать развитию коммуникативной компетенции у курсантов и поддержанию их интереса к изучению иностранного языка. ОБЩИЕ СВЕДЕНИЯ Настоящий практикум подготовлен на кафедре иностранных языков Ульяновского института гражданской авиации имени Главного маршала авиации Б. П. Бугаева. Практикум состоит из двух частей и рассчитан на курсантов первого и второго курсов всех направлений подготовки. Цель практикума – научить курсантов практическому использованию лексико-грамматического материала в устных и письменных высказываниях на темы общего характера. Данное пособие организовано по тематическому принципу и состоит из десяти разделов:
Каждый раздел пособия включает в себя предтекстовые упражнения, тексты, вопросы и задания, контролирующие понимание текстов, диалоги и ситуации для их составления, серию послетекстовых лексических упражнений, проблемные ситуации для обсуждения в устной и письменной форме, упражнения на аудирование. Представленный в пособии материал имеет разный уровень сложности и может быть использован на практических занятиях в группах с разным уровнем подготовки курсантов, а также для работы со студентами заочной формы обучения, на практических занятиях и для самостоятельной работы. Надеемся, что данное пособие будет способствовать развитию коммуникативной компетенции у курсантов и поддержанию их интереса к изучению иностранного языка. I. ACQUAINTANCE. ABOUT MYSELF Ex. 1. a. Read the dialogue where T is a teacher and NS is a new student. T: How are you? N S: I’m fine, thanks. And you? T: I’m very well, thank you. I’m Monica Gibson, your teacher. What’s your name? N S: My name is Paul Smith. T: Pleased to meet you, Paul Smith. N S: Nice to meet you, too. T: How do you spell your last name? N S: It’s P-A-U-L S-M-I-T-H. T: Are you Russian? N S: No, I’m not. I’m American. T: Where do you come from? N S: I’m from the USA. T: I see. Which city do you live in? N S: In New York. T: What’s your address? I need it to fill in the form. N S: It’s 20, Apple Street, apartment number 145. T: Thank you very much. And what do you do? N S: I work for Microsoft Company. T: What’s your job? N S: I’m an engineer. T: Are you married? N S: Yes, I am. T: Oh! Have you got any children? N S: Yes. I’ve got two daughters. T: How old are you? N S: I’m 34. T: Really? And what’s your date of birth? N S: It’s the seventh of November, 1986. T: What time do you usually start and finish work? N S: I start at 9 a.m. and finish at 6 a.m. T: What days can you come to our French lessons? N S: I can come on Monday and Thursday. T: Can you give me your phone number, please? N S: Of course. It’s 1-234-567. T: And what’s your e-mail address? N S: It’s 1234567@email.com. T: Can I see any kind of your ID (Identification document)? NS: Of course, here is my passport. T: Thank you. So, see you next Monday at 7 p.m., come to room 139. N S: Thank you. See you soon. Have a nice day! b. Supply the dialogue with the correct words and answer the questions. … old are you? Where do you come …? What city do you … in? What … your address? What’s your … of birth? What … you do? … you married? Have you … any children? Can you … me your telephone number and e-mail … ? Can you show me your identification …? c. Role-play a dialogue with your group mates using the questions above and your personal data. Ex. 2. a. Match the words and phrases with their synonyms. to fancy a. face to face to communicate b. pal significant c. interlocutor amenity d. in reverse in person e. to interact someone to talk to f. body language backwards g. advantage gestures h. to imagine buddy i. very important b. Read and translate the text. Acquaintances and Communication in our Life Only fancy, how would we live if people all over the world don’t communicate with one another? Life would be dull and monotonous. Acquaintance plays a significant role for a society. If it were not for communication and dialogues among people, it is unlikely that we’d have friends, families and buddies. Our speech and tongue – that is what helps us start a simple conversation with a passenger-by, fellow travellers. That’s the way new acquaintances appear in our life, who in the future may be our true friends. In modern world we can talk not only outdoors. The internet gives us an opportunity to correspond with others without leaving a house. Despite all amenities of internet communication, it is still hard to replace real-life communication. When you meet someone in person, you look into his / her eyes. This contact allows us to understand a mood of an interlocutor. Depending on the situation, you smile or frown, become happy or sad. You can take a person by the arm, embrace him / her, pat on the back, tickle or even pinch. It’s impossible to replace a real-life talk. There are many different ways to greet people and introduce oneself in English. In different situations you need different words and phrases to greet people and make introductions. Imagine you’re on a business trip and you’re meeting some important clients for the first time. In this situation you want to use more formal language. Have a look at the dialogue: “– Good morning. You must be Frank. – Yes, good morning. I’m sorry, and your name is? – My name is Maria. Very nice to meet you. Welcome to Madrid. – Thank you. – How are you today? – Very well, thank you. And how are you? – I’m good, thanks for asking.” This dialogue uses more formal language. Do you see what makes it formal? First, it is started by saying “Good morning”. The greetings “good morning, good afternoon and good evening” are quite formal and are generally only used in formal situations. There’s one exception – you can sometimes say “good morning” informally with people you know. However, it’s common in this situation to simply say “morning”. Can you see any other examples of formal language in this dialogue? There are many. The phrase “And your name is?” is more formal than asking “What’s your name?” After she introduced herself Maria said “Very nice to meet you”, this phrase is neutral – neither formal nor informal. However, adding “very” makes it sound much more formal. One word can make a big difference. Maria introduced herself with a full sentence. If she were speaking less formally she would use a shorter introduction, like “I’m Maria” or just “Maria”. Then she said “Welcome to Madrid”. It’s quite formal. Saying “welcome” by itself is neutral, however adding “to” in a place makes it sound much more formal. It’s common in greeting someone in English to ask some kind of “How are you?” question. Maria asked “How are you today?” Again one word – “today” makes the difference. Asking “How are you?” is neutral, adding today makes it more formal. Frank’s answer “Very well, thank you” sounds quite formal, speaking more neutrally he’d say something like “Well, thanks”, so adding “very” and “thanks” makes it sound more formal. Frank’s question “And how are you?” is more formal than asking “And you?” Finally, Maria’s reply “Thanks for asking” is again more formal than just “Thanks” which she would use in informal situation. So, you’ve seen here how small changes can make a big difference to how formal your language sounds. Formal language is often longer and more complex, neutral language is short and simple. Now let’s have a look at informal greetings and introductions. They are useful if you know someone well or if you’re meeting someone in a casual situation, e.g. if you’re hanging around with some friends and your friends introduce you to one of their friends you’d probably use informal language. Let’s see how this works: “– Hi! – Hey, Frank? – Yeah, your name? – Maria, good to meet you. –You too. – How you doing? – Not bad. You? – Pretty good.” So, you can see that the dialogue is even shorter than when using a neutral language. Native speakers often shorten sentences and questions like this. If you review both dialogues you’ll see that each of them has the same structure, only the language used is with different level of formality. Let’s look at one more thing – when you’re making introductions you might also need to introduce another person. Here is a very formal introduction: “Let me introduce my colleague, Maria” or “May I introduce my colleague Frank?” As for a neutral introduction, it is: “This is Maria” or “Have you met Frank?” Finally, in informal situations you might not introduce people at all. You might just let them introduce themselves or might prompt them to do it by asking something like “Have you guys met?” or “Do you two know each other?”, and the most common way is just to say the two people’s names and then say them again in reverse. There are some rules of etiquette in introduction. Remember that men are introduced to women, young people to elderly ones, unmarried ladies to married ones and newcomers to long-time friends. Remember that a formality doesn’t just depend on the words you use. Other things like tone of voice or body language are also important. Have nice acquaintances! с. In the text there are given two dialogues which represent formal and informal variants of introduction. Make a dialogue representing a neutral one. d. Identify the following statements as T (true) or F (false) and correct the false ones. Prove your ideas. 1. Most kinds of relationships begin with the help of people’s communicative abilities. 2. Personal acquaintances give more chances to “feel” a person. 3. One word cannot make any sense in differentiation in types of introductions. 4. A new colleague is typically introduced with the help of neutral introduction. 5. Introductions differ in complexity and length. e. Answer the questions. 1. Why are acquaintances so important for people? 2. How do acquaintances commonly appear? 3. What are the benefits of real-life communication? 4. How many types of greetings and introductions have you come to know from the text? What are they? 5. How do the types of greetings and introductions differ? 6. In what situations are informal greetings and introductions used? 7. Is it always necessary to introduce people in informal acquaintances? If no, what can be done instead? 8. What are the main etiquette rules for introducing people? 9. How do you usually get acquainted with people? 10. What type of greetings and introductions do you commonly use? Why? Ex. 3. Identify the following dialogues as F (formal), N (neutral) and I (informal) ones. – Hello! How are you? Hello! I’m fine, thank you. And you? I’m fine too. What’s your name? My name is Bella White. And yours? Patrick Smith. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you too! – Hi there! What’s up? Hi! Everything’s fine. Met before? I don’t think so. I’m Adam. And you? I’m Jenny, nice to meet you. Have a nice evening! – Hello! I’m Vladimir. What’s your name? I’m Omar. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you too. Where are you from? I’m from Egypt. What about you? I’m from Russia. I’m a journalist and attend a conference here. That’s interesting. Sorry I have to go now. Good luck at your conference. Bye! Bye! Have a nice day! – Hey! Are you alone here? What’s your name? Hi! I’m Greta. I don’t know anyone here, except the hostess. Same. My friend brought me here to keep his company. I’m Jason, by the way. Nice to meet you, Jason. Nice to meet you too. Wanna dance? Sure! – Meet John, our new colleague. Nice to meet you, John. How are you? Fine, thanks. Welcome! Ex. 4. Choose the right word or phrase in the box and use it in the appropriate tense form.
1. I'm glad you have come. I want ... you to my parents. 2. Michael ... himself to Soames as he was eager ... with Fleur. 3. He ... me with his latest experiments. 4. George was ... to Helen at our party. 5. She refused to talk to him as they were not ... with one another. 6. Will you ... me to your friend? - Oh, aren't you ... yet? 7. He was eager ... with the contents of his aunt's letter. 8. I want you to ... my friend, Helen. 9. We had a lovely time in the rest-home and ... a lot of interesting people there. 10. I'm so sorry I haven't ... you earlier. Ex. 5. a. Complete questions 1 – 6 with the best missing word. Then match the questions to the answers a – f.
b. Now complete the questions 7 – 12 and match them to the answers g – l. 7. … old are you? g. I’m Spanish. 8. What … are you? h. Twenty-five. 9. … you got any brothers or sisters? i. I’m still not very good at it. 10. How … do you earn? j. Yes, it’s a dog. 11. How … do you speak English? k. Not enough! 12. Do you have any …? l. Two brothers, elder and younger. c. Which of the twelve questions above you would ask … 1. the first time you met someone? 2. once you knew them a bit better? Are there any questions which you would never ask? Why not? d. In groups of three or four, use some of the twelve questions from the exercise to find out the following: 1. Who is the oldest in the group? 2. Who is the youngest? 3. Who will be the next person to have a birthday? 4. Who has the most brothers and sisters? 5. Who has a pet? 6. Who does the most interesting things when they’re not working? e. Try to find the person in your group you have most in common with. Start by asking questions 1 – 12 from the exercise. Then make up your own questions to find out what you want. Ex. 6 a. Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions from the box.
Let me introduce myself. My name is Alex. My surname is Sokolov. I’m seventeen years old. I was born 1) … the fourteenth 2) … May 3) … 2004. I come 4) … Novosibirsk, the city 5) … the east 6) … Russia. I want to tell you a few words 7) … myself. I started school when I was seven and finished it 8) … the age 9) … seventeen. I have always been interested 10) … aviation, that’s why I decided to enter a University connected 11) … it. I got quite high scores 12) … my USE (Unified State Exam) and now I’m a first year student 13) … Moscow Aviation Institute 14) … a budget basis. I study 15) … the Faculty 16) … Aircraft Engineering. I enjoy the course a lot. I like being a student and I understand that I must work hard to become a good aviation engineer 17) … I graduate. I try my best to study well 18) … making a successful career 19) … the future. So, I do everything possible to achieve my aim. b. Make up a true story about yourself based on the text above and report it to your group mates / teacher.  Track 1. Ex. 7. Listen to a foreign student in the UK as she phones a language school to enroll on an evening class. Complete the form.
III. DAILY ROUTINE Ex. 1. a. Match the synonyms. 1. daily routine a. with good results 2. to get dressed b. to walk 3. to go on foot c. to have a nap 4. to miss a lesson d. to wash up 5. successfully e. to put clothes on 6. interval f. daily affairs 7. occasionally g. a quarter of an hour 8. to get some sleep h. not to be present at a lesson 9. to wash the dishes i. from time to time 10. fifteen minutes j. break b. Read and translate the text. We all have our own daily routine. My name is Maxim, I am a first-year student of the college. I want to talk about my typical day. So on weekdays my alarm clock wakes me up and my working day begins. Every morning I get up at seven o’clock and make my bed. Then I go to the bathroom where I wash my face, clean my teeth, have a cool shower and brush my hair. Then I do some exercise to feel great all day. I usually watch music clips on TV at breakfast. After that I get dressed. My morning procedures usually take me about fifty minutes. So I leave the house at ten minutes to eight and walk to the nearest bus stop. I live rather far from the college and it usually takes me about a quarter of an hour to get there by bus. Sometimes when the weather is fine and I have enough time I walk to the college. My lessons begin at 8.30. I usually have three or four double lessons a day. I have different subjects. I don’t often miss my classes because I want to pass my examinations successfully. At twelve o’clock we have a big interval for lunch which we have in the students’ canteen. That’s my favourite time. That is the time to share the latest news with my friends. From time to time I have to stay at the college till late in the evening because I go to the library to get ready for my practical classes or to write a report and I attend consultations which our teachers regularly give. As a rule, I have no free time on weekdays. So, by the end of the week I get very tired. When I come home, I rest for a while: read something, watch TV or have a nap. After that I do my homework and tidy up the room. If mom asks me, I do some housework: vacuuming, sweeping, washing up, taking the rubbish out or going shopping. In the evening I have dinner with my family. We all get together, joke, have fun, share all the news, discuss our family affairs. At the weekend I like surfing the internet, playing computer games, I also check emails, chat with friends, or watch a movie. Sometimes I go for a walk in the park or visit my friends. I go to bed at eleven. I like to read something before going to bed or to listen to some music. Sometimes I fall asleep while I am reading. c. Identify the following statements as T (true) or F (false) and correct the false ones. Prove your ideas. 1. Maxim leaves the house at ten minutes to eight. 2. Sometimes he has some extra activities at college. 3. Maxim likes lunch time because he has an opportunity to communicate with his friends. 3. As a rule on weekdays Maxim has no free time to help his mom around the house. 4. Maxim goes to bed at eleven and always falls asleep at once. d. Answer the questions. 1. What time does Maxim get up? 2. What do Maxim’s morning procedures include? 3. What does Maxim usually do at breakfast? 4. How does Maxim get to college and how long does it take him? 5. Why doesn’t Maxim often miss classes? 6. What does Maxim sometimes stay late at college for? 7. How does Maxim rest after he comes home? 8. What kind of housework does Maxim help his mother with? 9. What do Maxim and his family usually do at dinner? 10. What is Maxim busy with at the weekend? Ex. 2. a. Match the synonyms.
b. Read and translate the text. I’m Steve, I'm in the first year at the university, where I'm studying English. My elder sister, Betty, is studying history at the same university. Betty can organize her time wisely, whereas I do not know what order I should do things in. I find it hard to get up on time, and usually I do not get enough sleep. I have to wind two alarm-clocks to make sure I do not oversleep. My sister, an early riser, is awake by 7 o'clock, refreshed and full of energy. While I'm wandering round the kitchen, fighting the urge to go back to bed, my sister manages to have a quick shower, make her bed, put on make-up, do her hair, eat a full breakfast and set off to the university. It takes me an hour and a half to get ready. I have a hasty bite and rush out of the house. Even if I catch a bus at once I still arrive at the university 15 minutes late, which always makes me feel guilty. My studies keep me busy all day long. I have 14 hours of English a week. I also have lectures and seminars. At lunchtime I meet up with my sister and we have a snack at the university cafe. After classes I make myself go to the library where I spend about six hours a week reading for my seminars. My sister and I come home tired. I always find excuses to put my homework off. Unlike me, my sister manages to do the housework and get down to homework. I like the idea of going to bed early, but quite often I have to sit up late, brushing up on my grammar and vocabulary, though I feel sleepy. My sister says that keeping late hours ruins one's health. Of course, I agree. As my sister and I do not get any time off during the week, we try to relax on the weekends. One of my greatest pleasures is to lie in bed and read my favourite books. My sister is a sporty person. To keep herself fit, Betty goes for a run in the park; from time to time she works out in the gym. I hate staying in, and sometimes on Saturday night my sister takes me out to a concert or a play. Sometimes we go to a party or to a disco. But more often than not I end up catching up on my studies and my sister goes out. I wonder how I manage to spoil my leisure time. Every Monday when I awaken I think I should start a new life. I honestly think that I must become well-organized and correct my daily routine. I make plans to go to keep-fit classes, to do shopping with my sister, to do the cleaning and to do a hundred other good things. But then I remember that I have to call on my school friend in the evening, and I put off my plans till next Monday. It is always better to start a new life in a week. c. Identify the following statements as T (true) or F (false) and correct the false ones. Prove your ideas. 1. Both Betty and Steve are morning persons. 2. Betty is good at planning her daily routine. 3. Steve has quite a busy schedule at university. 4. Betty and Steve always go out together. 5. Steve has some desires to make his routine more organized. d. Answer the questions. 1. What faculties do Betty and Steve study? 2. Why can Betty manage to do everything? 3. What do Betty’s morning procedures involve? 4. How does Steve’s morning time differ from Betty’s? 5. What is Steve’s university time devoted to? 6. Do Betty and Steve do the same activities to relax? If no, how do they differ? 7. Why does Steve often have to stay up late? 8. What do Betty and Steve usually do on Saturdays? 9. What is the picture of new life for Steve? 10. What prevents Steve from starting a new life? Ex. 3. a. Read and translate the text. Rearrange the extracts of the text in a logical order. |
