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c. Work in pairs. Discuss the questions: Would you ever work for no money? Why? / Why not? Are there any jobs for life in your country? Do you think it is good? Why? / Why not? Note. work + preposition work in + place / area of work, e.g. I work in a factory. / Kim works in publishing. work for + name of company, e.g. I'd like to work for Vodafone. work as + job, e.g. How long have you worked as a teacher? work on + a project, e.g. We've been working on a new design. work with + person / equipment, e.g. Did you work with Leo on the sales figures? / We have to work with dangerous chemicals. Ex. 7. Write responses using the adjectives in the box.
1 A: I have such a lot on my plate - recruitment, contracts, training and all the admin. B: That must be- stressful. 2 A: I work with children with learning difficulties. It's amazing to see the progress they can make. B: …………………………………………………………………………………… 3 A: I really thought I was going to get my promotion, but my boss said maybe next year. B: …………………………………………………………………………………… 4 A: I work such long hours and I never take my full holiday entitlement. B: …………………………………………………………………………………… 5 A: I'm the head of research into the use of robots in medicine. B: …………………………………………………………………………………… 6 A: Basically, my hobby has become my job. I design computer games. B: …………………………………………………………………………………… Note. Rep is a short for representative. You can be a sales rep, a holiday rep, a class rep, etc. We also use admin instead of administration and HR instead of human resources. Ex. 8. a. Match 1-5 with the specific job descriptions a-e. I work in the warehouse. I’m in the accounts department. I work in human resources. I’m in sales. I’m part of the marketing team. I am mainly involved in planning the campaigns. I’m the rep for the whole of the south of Italy. I am responsible for packing all the orders and doing all the admin for the delivery. I am responsible for recruitment contracts and working conditions. I deal with all the pay and finances. b. Work in pairs. Use the words and phrases in ex. a. to have conversations like this: A: What do you do? B: I work for a ….. company. A: Oh yeah? Doing what? B: I’m in sales. I’m the rep for the whole of the south.  Track 2. Ex. 9. Listen to a man, talking about his job. Make notes for more details. Retell the story ‘I hate my job!”Ex. 10. a. You are going to hear three conversations about rules at work. Before you listen, discuss these questions. Why do you think companies have the rules below? Do you think they are sensible and fair? Track 3. b. Listen and decide which of the rules they talk about in each conversation. Women have to wear skirts or dresses at work. We have to go outside to smoke. We have to agree holidays with our boss. We can’t take time off when we want. We have to ask the admin assistant to make photocopies for us. We can’t just do them ourselves. We have to take our breaks at set times. We have to wear a hard hat at all times. We can’t surf the web on company computers. We can’t call mobile phones from the office. We can’t talk to each other while we’re working. c. Work in pairs. Match the words used in the conversations. Then listen to check your answers.
d. Discuss the following questions: Do you think the rules are fair in ex. b.? Why? / Why not? Are there any rules where you are going to work? Are you going to follow them? Ex. 11. Decide which answer best fits each space. Choosing a Job One of the most difficult decisions is choosing what to do for a 1) … . For example, do you want to follow a definite 2) …, and 3) … a low 4) … at the beginning, but have good 5) … in a company that trains its 6) …? Or are you more interested in taking any kind of work, because you need a(n) 7) …? You may have to face up to the fact that a good 8) … can be difficult to find. In that case, why not take a temporary one? You will gain some useful 9) … . Remember that even if you have the right 10) …, you may have to 11) … lots of application forms before you are asked to 12) … in an interview. But don’t worry if you don’t know what you want to 13) … exactly. You’ll enjoy finding out! 1. a) salary b) living c) employee d) work 2. a) company b) training c) business d) career 3. a) earn b) gain c) win d) take 4. a) money b) profit c) cheque d) salary 5. a) hopes b) prospects c) futures d) promotions 6. a) employers b) crew c) staff d) persons 7. a) money b) cash c) account d) income 8. a) work b) labour c) job d) seat 9. a) experiences b) experienced c) experience d) experiencing 10. a) qualifications b) exams c) letters d) degrees 11. a) fall through b) get on c) turn down d) fill in 12. a) be b) attend c) make d) advertise 13. a) work b) job c) do d) make Ex. 12. Use the words in capitals to form a word that fits in the space. The Job Interview It is important to make a good 1) IMPRESS when going for a job interview. Interviewers usually ask a 2) VARIUOS of questions, many of which concern 3) QUALIFY. However, they also usually like to ask questions about previous 4) OCCUPY as well as 5) AHIEVE not connected to the workplace. Often, the 6) SUCCESS candidate is not the one with the most impressive 7) EDUCATE but the one who shows that he or she has made the most 8) EFFECT use of their time. Few employers want employees who are 9) ABILITY to think for themselves. The 10) POSSIBLE of advancement in any job rarely depends on the 11) ACCURATE of work but more on the enthusiasm and dedication of the employee. Ex. 13. a. Read the article quickly. Write the missing headings in the correct place.
TIPS FOR A BETTER CV! A good curriculum vitae (CV), with information about you and your qualifications and experience, will boost your chances of getting an interview for a job, but a poor CV could ruin everything before you even start. On average, a recruiter will spend just 15 to 20 seconds reviewing a CV, so it's important to get it right. √………………………………………………………………………………….. Remember that your CV is only a way of getting your foot in the door, so keep it short. Most successful CVs include the following sections: Profile, Achievements, Experience, Special skills (languages / computers), Education, Training, and Interests (this is optional). Use no more than two sides of A4 paper and save the real detail for your interview. √ Make it look good Make sure the key points of your CV are clear. Use bullet points and relatively short sentences for the key information. Leaving a border of white space around the text also makes the information stand out and makes the CV easier to read. √ …………………………………………………………………………………… Give information about your work history in date order. Start with the most recent job first and don't leave any gaps. If you have been out of work for a time, give reasons, but don't go into details about jobs you did more than 10 years ago. √ Include relevant facts, not lists List your duties, achievements, and responsibilities under each job. Use a separate section in your CV for specific skills, such as languages, administrative or computing skills. There's no need to include them for every job you've done. This makes dull reading for the recruiter. √ …………………………………………………………………………………….. Although you want to present yourself well, don't bend the truth. You are likely to be caught out and your application rejected. Many companies employ people to check the facts that candidates supply, including qualifications. √ …………………………………………………………………………………….. Always check for errors. Use the spellchecker on your computer to deal with basic errors of spelling and grammar, but also get someone else to read your CV and tell you what they think. √ Adapt it Take the time to adapt your CV for each job you apply for. Research the company and use the job advert to assess what they are looking for. Link your skills and experience to the requirements of each job. If you are sending your CV to a recruitment website, look at the jobs and employers on the site and adapt your CV accordingly. √ …………………………………………………………………………………….. Use this to highlight information from your CV that is most relevant to the job you are applying for. It isn't good practice to send your CV to an employer on its own without this. b. Read the article again. Identify the following statements as T (true) or F (false) and correct the false ones. Prove your ideas. People in recruitment don't spend long reading each CV. An employer never reads a CV that is longer than two pages. You should put information about your oldest job first. It's essential to give information about every job you have done. Employers hardly ever check information in a CV. You shouldn't send CVs with the same content to a range of employers. An employer won't read a CV without a covering letter. c. Replace the underlined words in these sentences with the phrases in bold in the article. Sending your CV to a recruitment website can give you more opportunities of getting a job. A website with clear headings makes the key information easy to see. If you go into a lot of detail about every job you've ever done, it is boring for the reader. I don't have a problem with interviews. The hard part is gaining a first introduction to the company. You want to make a good impression but it's madness to not be completely honest on your CV. If they catch you out, you won't even get an interview. Track 4. Ex. 14. You are going to hear five people talking about unsuccessful job interviews. Answer the questions. Who... didn't appear serious enough? criticised his / her current boss? came across as too big-headed? arrived late? e. didn't do enough preparation? Ex. 15. a. Read the opening of a magazine article and decide: 1. why the author wrote the article. 2. what the rest of the article will be about. TERRIBLE JOBS NOT A THING OF THE PAST. The Channel Four series The Worst Jobs in History returns this week with the 19th century. Among the jobs that will be looked at are rat catcher, (which involved killing rats by hand) and boot boy (endlessly cleaning and polishing the shoes of the rich). It would be easy to think that such terrible jobs were a thing of the past, but the reality is that they have largely been replaced by other jobs where you might be exposed to dangerous chemicals or have to put up with high levels of noise; where you might die of boredom – or simply die! Human Guinea Pigs Hundreds of people take part in tests of new medicines (called drug trials) every year. For between €45 and €4,500 they take a new drug to test for any side effects such as vomiting or headaches. Some students join drug trials as a relatively quick and easy way of earning money. John Spiral, a history student from Dublin, regularly does them. “You might go to the hospital three or four times, maybe eight hours ‘work’. I had a really upset stomach once, and another time I got strange red marks on my skin, but that’s all. Usually it’s fine, and you’re helping science!” Embalmers Embalmers preserve dead bodies in preparation for funerals. They work anything up to 50 hours a week for a salary of around £15,000 a year, far less than the national average. They spend most of the day standing and generally work bent over a table. They also have to work with very strong-smelling chemicals. ‘I do suffer from backache, but the job’s not as bad as you might think’, says Frank McCreary. “I’m even used to the smell now – I don’t even notice it. And the job is quite rewarding too. The families of the dead are usually very grateful for the job I’ve done”. Call Center Worker Many banks and other companies have call centers abroad where customers can ring for information or to complain. Levels of stress among workers are very high. They often work in cramped conditions, have to stare at a computer all day, and have little opportunity to laugh or joke with their co-workers. One worker, from an Indian call center, said, “People can be very abusive. They shout and swear, but often there is nothing you can do about their complaint. They then slam down the phone, and another person calls you straightway. It’s awful. I’d like to leave, but the money’s quite good and there’s a lot of competition for jobs here in Mumbai.” Recycling Plant Worker You are supposed to sort your own rubbish and put glass in one bag, paper in another, but unfortunately many people still do not do this. So workers in a recycling plant have to find the recyclable items from a big pile of rubbish, and all for a minimum wage. Apart from the smell, they have to handle dirty nappies, rotting meat, used needles. “I’ve heard of people catching hepatitis from working in those places,” says Solomon Iwenofu. “I did it for a while when I first arrived in America. I actually got on with the people working there. We used to laugh about some of the things we found. After a while, I even got used to being dirty all the time, but, you know, I wanted to do better for myself and my family.” b. Think of different jobs where the workers: are exposed to chemicals, dust or dirt. risk their lives. risk catching a disease. work very long hours. do not have much space to work in. have to bend over a lot or lift heavy objects. get a lot of abuse. are standing all day. c. Read the rest of the article and decide which job in the article involves the problems in ex. 15. b. Some jobs may match with more than one problem. d. Work in pairs. Discuss these questions about the jobs in the article: Did anybody like any aspects of their job? Why? What other reasons did the people give for doing the jobs? Do you think they are good reasons? e. Without looking at the text, complete the sentences. I’m lucky, because I … on really well with my colleagues. There are six people living in a two-bedroom flat, so they have to put up with very … conditions. It’s a quick and easy … of sending large video files. Honestly, I was getting so angry I couldn’t continue talking to him, so I just … down the phone. Thank you so much. I’m very … for all your help. The boss is so mean! He basically just pays the minimum … . That’s it! The drug was taken off the market after serious side … were reported. Unemployment in the city is 25% - well above the national … . Ex. 16. Comment on the statements: It is necessary to make the right career choice. A good CV will boost your chances of getting an interview for a job. Everyone should have a university education Ex. 17. Describe the main characteristics of your future job. You should say: what the advantages and disadvantages of the profession are; what the duties and responsibilities include; what personal qualities it is necessary to have for your future profession. Explain why it is important to study hard for your future profession. IX. MONEY. BANKS. Ex. 1. a. Discuss the questions with your partner. 1. Is money important to you? 2. Do you worry about money? 3. What do you do with your money? 4. What is your main source of income? 5. Who or what influences the way you spend your money? b. Read the text and share your opinion about money. Money in our life. Money has been the most disputable matter throughout the human history. It is a universal means of payment and a means of exchange. Money appeared thousands of years ago. First people used things like animal skin and precious metals as money. But it wasn’t easy to carry and store them. The money we use nowadays is made of paper and cheap metals. They are banknotes and coins of different value. It is difficult to imagine today’s life without banknotes and coins, credit cards and cash. Modern technologies have influenced the way of payment. Plastic cards are becoming more and more popular today and they can be accepted everywhere. It’s really convenient and safe for travellers because you don’t have to carry the money in your wallet or exchange the currency in order to make purchases in foreign countries. We need money to live and to buy desired things and services. Money lets us fulfill our basic needs. You can’t be happy if you have no money to satisfy your natural needs. Money gives us new possibilities. We can’t travel around the world, buy a car, rent an office, use the Internet or just buy food and clothes without money. People who earn much money can afford luxury goods: expensive cars and fantastic mansions, precious stones and unique works of art. The more money you earn; the more products you can buy. Certainly, it’s better when money works and brings its owner a profit. It’s also possible to put your money into a bank account and receive interest from it. There are different opinions about money. Many people think that wealth is the most important thing in their lives. Other insists that there are many things which have higher importance than money. Of course we have our own opinion. And what is yours? c. Look at the following sayings. What do you think they mean? Which proverbs do you agree / disagree with? Do you have any similar sayings in your language? - Money doesn’t buy happiness (love). - Money is the root of all evil. - Money doesn’t grow on trees. Ex. 2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of borrow or lend. l. Can I … £5 until tomorrow? 2. Can you ... me £5 until tomorrow? 3. Can I ... your calculator? Thanks. 4. My dad ... me his car for the night but I crashed it! He's going to kill me! 5. Whatever you do, don’t ... any money to Nick. He ... € 100 from me last year - and he still hasn’t paid me back! Ex. 3. Match the two halves of the sentences.
Ex. 4. Complete the sentences below with these verbs in the correct tense form.
1. He … the lottery and now he … a lot of money on clothes. 2. I’ll … you an offer for that cat. 3. She … a good salary and … money every month to buy a house. 4. Can you … me $10? Remember, you … some money from me last month. Track 1. Ex. 5. a. Listen to this conversation between two friends — Bob and Tim. The first time you listen, find out why Tim needs to borrow some money. b. Listen again and complete the conversation. B: Have you got time 1) … ? T: Yes. OK. Where do you want to go? B: 2) … that place on the corner? T: Yes, fine. Oh no! B: What's the 3) … ? T: Oh, I’ve just realized. I’ve left my wallet at home. B: Don’t worry. It’s OK. 4) … the coffee. T: Yes, thanks, but it's not just that. I'm meeting someone at two and I'll have to go back home and gee it. I can't spend the whole day without any money. B: Well, do you want me to 5) … ? T: Would you mind? B: No, 6) … . How much do you need? Is 30 euros 7) … ? T: That'd be great, if you can. B: Yes, sure. No problem. I'll just have to go to 8) … though. Do you want tо meet me in the cafe? I'll be there in a minute. T: OK. Five minutes later. B: There 9) … . T: Great. That's brilliant. I’ll pay you back next week, when I see you. В Yes. fine. There's 10) … . Have you ordered? T: No. I was waiting for you to get here. I wasn't sure how you like your coffee. Ex. 6. Work in groups and ask each other the questions. 1. Do you know anyone who is really generous or really mean? 2. Have you ever had to borrow money from someone? Why? 3. When was the last time you lent money to someone? Why? Did they pay you back? 4. Comment on the saying: Neither a borrower nor a lender be. 5. Are you good at saving money? Is there anything you're saving for at the moment? Ex. 7. a. Read about six people answering the question Are you a spender or a saver? How many are savers? 1) I try to save, but something always seems to come along that I need to buy and I finish up broke. I can get by with very little money for myself when I need to, but I don't seem to be good at holding on to it. Also, if my kids ask to borrow some money, I always say yes. 2) I spend money on things like concerts, or on trips because I like having the experience and the memories. I know that I should spend my money on things that last, or save for the future, but I don't want to miss all those good things that are happening right now. 3) I don’t have much money, but when I do have some there’s always something I need or want to spend it on. I love computers and computer games, so I often buy things to make sure my computer is always up to date. I know it’s not very sensible, but it’s important to me. 4) That’s difficult to say. I can save money if there’s something I really, really want, but usually my money disappears as soon as I get it. I get some money from my parents every week so I have just enough money to go to the cinema with my friends and to buy something for myself, maybe a book or a DVD or some makeup... I usually end up buying something. But for example if I want to go on a trip with my friends, then I can make an effort and save some money for a few weeks. 5) Since I was very small, I’ve always saved about a third of the money I get. I would never think of spending all the money I have. You could say that I'm careful about money. When I want to buy something which is expensive I don't use a credit card. I take the money out of the bank and so I never have to worry about getting into debt. 6) I like having some money saved in case I have an emergency. I also think very carefully before I buy something and I always make sure it’s the best I can buy for that price. But I wouldn’t describe myself as mean. I love buying presents for people, and when I do spend my money I like to buy nice things, even if they’re more expensive. b. Match people 1-6 with A-F. Who...? A) always has money in the bank. В) often ends up with no money. С) thinks he / she is careful with money, but not mean. D) enjoys spending money on his / her hobby. E) can save money if he / she needs to. F) prefers to live now than worry about the future. Ex. 8. Read the questionnaire and choose your answers, then compare your answers with a partner. Find out if you are a spender or a saver. ARE YOU A SPENDER OR A SAVER? 1. You go shopping and you see something very expensive that you really want, but can’t afford. You... a) buy it with your credit card. You can worry about the bill next month. b) already have some money in the bank and plan to save for a couple of weeks and then buy the thing you want. с) borrow the money and agree to pay back a small amount every week. 2. You get £100 for your birthday. You... a) spend some of it and save some. b) go straight to a shopping centre and spend it all. с) put all of it in your bank account until you know what you want to spend it on. 3. Do you always know how much money you have, how much money you have spent, and on what? a) Yes. I’m very organized and know exactly what I have and what I’ve spent. b) No. I haven’t got a clue. When I have money I usually just spend it. с) I usually have a rough idea about what I spend my money on. 4. You’ve borrowed some money from a friend, but you don’t think that you’ll be able to pay it back by the time you promised to. You... a) don’t worry about it. Hopefully your friend will forget about it too! b) work out how much money you have and how much you owe. You speak to your friend and explain the situation and offer to pay the money back in small installments. с) speak to your friend and promise that you’ll pay him / her back, but it might take a bit longer than you first thought. 5. You have a friend who often borrows money from you and never pays it back. He / she wants to borrow £50. You... a) lend him / her the money. You can afford it and it doesn’t matter if you don’t get it back. b) say no; he / she owes you too much already. с) lend the money, but explain that it is the last time, until he / she has paid back this loan. Check your results, then compare with a partner. Do you agree / disagree with your results? Why? Mostly (a) answers. You can’t be trusted with your own money. You definitely need someone to help you to manage your finances better. Why not speak to an organized friend about how to plan? This will help you to make your money go further and stop you getting into debt. Mostly (b) answers. Although you understand how to manage your money, sometimes you need to be a bit more organized. Try setting yourself a weekly or monthly budget, then keep to it. You will then know how much money you have, what you spend it on, and how much you can save. Mostly (c) answers. Congratulations! It sounds like you really know what you are doing when it comes to managing your money. You know how important it is to keep track of your spending and to be responsible with your money. Ex. 9. Choose the best word in italics to complete the sentences. Ming Woo had no money, and he 1) left / owed €5,000 to the bank. He 2) borrowed / lent €5 from his brother and bought a lottery ticket. Fortunately, he 3) won / saved €10000! Ming paid the money to the bank, and 4) left / gave his brother €1,000. Then he bought a second-hand car for £3,000. That 5) left / saved him with €1.000. He decided to 6) lend / save it, and put it in the bank. Ming Woo is more careful with his money now. He is worried that he might 7) drop / lose his job. He saves €l00 every month. But he still 8) plays / spends the lottery every week! Ex. 10. Work in pairs / groups and discuss the questions. 1. Have you ever bought a lottery ticket? 2. Have you or has anybody you know ever won anything? 3. If you won a lot of money, would you do any of these things? go crazy and buy lots of expensive things / buy gifts for your family / give up work / move to a more expensive neighbourhood / invest your money carefully / donate money to good causes What else might you do? Ex. 11. a. Notice that we say: Two thousand pounds (not two thousand Four hundred and fifty (not four hundred fifty). Nineteen point seven (not nineteen comma seven). Track 2. b. Listen and write down the numbers you hear. Track 3. c. Listen and write down the numbers you hear in 1-8. 1. The minimum wage at that time was … an hour. 2. Inflation fell to … last month. 3. The government is going to invest … in schools. 4. … of the population own a car. 5. The new factory will create … jobs. 6. The house cost … . 7. We borrowed … from the bank. 8. We'll finally pay back the mortgage in … . e. Practise saying the numbers in the text ‘Money Facts’ below. f. Read the text below and complete the gaps with a number from the box.
Money Facts More than (1) 25 countries use dollars as their currency - including Canada, New Zealand and Australia. If you toss a coin, there are (2) … possible results: 'heads' or 'tails'. But if you toss a coin 10,000 times, there will be more 'heads' than 'tails'. This is because the picture of the head weighs more, so it ends up on the bottom. There are about 450 dollar billionaires in the world. About (3) … of them live in the United States. The world's highest denomination note was the (4) … Pengo note, issued in Hungary in 1946. It was worth about $0.20. In (5) … century Sweden, the ten-daler coin weighed 19.71 kg. On 1 January (6) … ,15 billion euro banknotes and 50 billion euro coins came into circulation. Put end to end, the notes would reach to the Moon and back two and a half times. The world's smallest bank note came from Romania. The ten-binar note was (7) … mm x 45 mm - the same size as a postage stamp. The heads on US dollar bills have not changed since (8) … . In Australia, the $5, $10, $20, $50 and (9) … notes are all made of polymer – a type of plastic. g. Which facts do you find most surprising? Did you know any of them already? If you know some more interesting facts about money share information with your groupmates. Ex. 12. Read the text about Personal and Public finance paying attention to the words and phrases in bold and use them to retell the text. PERSONAL FINANCE There are a lot of things you can do with money! First, you need to earn money or make money - both of these verbs refer to receiving money from your work. A bank is a financial institution which deals with money transactions. There are two main types of bank accounts. They are a current (checking) account and a savings account. The current (checking) account is one where you pay in your salary and then withdraw money (make a withdrawal) to pay your everyday bills. It is your debit card – a personal card with an individual number and your signature on it. You can also use your debit card to withdraw cash from ATMs (Automated Teller Machines) as well as make online purchases and money transfers. The bank sends you a regular bank statement telling you how much money is in your account. You may also have a savings account where you deposit (make a deposit) any extra money, that you have and only take money out when you want to spend it on something special. Of course, everyone likes to spend money, but it's important not to waste/squander your money. If money is tight (meaning you have very little money), you should make a budget - a plan for how much to spend on things every month - and then you need to stick to the budget. Otherwise, you might be broke by the end of the month! Someone who is "broke" has no money available. Sometimes banks allow you to withdraw more money than what is available in your account. This is called overdraft. You usually try to avoid having an overdraft or you end up paying a lot of interest. If your account is overdrawn, you can be said to be in the red (as opposed to be in the black or in credit). A person who is financially savvy (intelligent, perceptive, and well-informed on the subject of money) will always save money. It's a good idea to have an emergency fund of at least 3-6 months of living expenses (the amount of money you use to survive in everyday life). You can also invest money in the stock market - you could make a nice profit, but there's also the risk of losing money if the economy goes downhill (starts to get worse). When you buy (or, more formally, purchase) something in a shop, you usually pay for it outright: (in) cash / by debit card. If you pay for something by credit card (buy on credit) it means you acquire the item immediately, but you pay for it at a later date. Let's say you want to purchase an expensive item like a car. If you haven't saved up money or set aside money for the purchase, you can borrow money from the bank (the bank may lend you money) - which is also called taking out a loan (a bank loan). You will have to show the bank your good financial standing. You need to prove that you have a regular job or some other reliable source of income. If the bank considers you a trustworthy borrower, it will issue a credit card which you can use to buy things such as a car. The disadvantage of this is that you'll need to pay the money back in installments - plus interest (extra money). If you decide to buy real estate, such as a house, you can take a mortgage loan. If you fail to pay the installments, the bank may confiscate your real estate in compensation for damages. Every country has its own special currency. Every day the rates of exchange are published and you can discover, for example, how many dollars there are currently to the pound sterling. When you travel, you'll need to change/exchange money to be able to buy things with the local currency. Make sure to change money only at official locations like banks and travel agencies - otherwise, you could be tricked into receiving counterfeit bills (false paper money that is not legally valid). The money that you pay for services, e.g. to a school or a lawyer, is usually called a fee or fees; the money paid for a journey is a fare. Finally, you can consider donating money (giving money without receiving anything in return) to a good cause, such as preserving the environment or researching cures for diseases. Non-profit organizations are always trying to raise money (get donations) for their various projects. |