практика. !!!ПРАКТИКУМ 1 часть. Практикум для курсантов, обучающихся на многоуровневой основе в 2 частях Часть 1 3е издание, переработанное
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c. Work in pairs with a student from the other group. Ask each other the questions in ex. b. d. Continue working with a partner from the other group. Complete the sentences with words from the texts. The definitions in brackets will help you. Ian said ‘stinky tofu’ smells like sweaty socks and rotting fish and it’s really … . (making you not want to eat it) Ian said Americans usually just … the bill. (divide equally) Isabella didn’t like having dinner at 6 in the evening. She was always … by bedtime. (really hungry) She said she was … about eating new food before going to Scotland. (not brave) Ya-Wen described blue cheese as ………. cow fat. (rotten) She said she sometimes ordered things that didn’t … very nice. (end up being) Alan is now happy either pouring olive oil or … butter on his bread. (putting) He says people in Britain eat a lot of … meals instead of cooking fresh food. (pre-cooked) e. Work in groups. Discuss these questions: Do you do or eat any of the four people found strange / annoying? What was the strangest thing the four people mentioned? What food and eating habits in your country do you think foreigners might find strange? In what way does traditional cuisine reflect national character? Are eating habits of your country healthy or unhealthy? Why? Ex. 16. a. Read the article quickly. What is the main reason for writing it? to advise people on how to improve their diet to explain that there is a connection between food and how people feel to describe a series of experiments on food b. Six parts of the article 'How food affects mood' have been removed. Write the correct letter (a-f) in the gaps in the article. Research also suggests that the right foods that activate when people enjoy themselves if they were eating healthily and taking regular physical exercise who wrote a report based on the survey but felt guilty afterwards There is a definite link with food and mood c. Underline the following parts of the article. four mental health problems the word the writer uses to describe food / drinks with a positive effect and examples of these the word the writer uses to describe food / drinks with a negative effect and examples of these the reason why it is important to drink enough fluid d. Which adjectives went with these nouns? Look back at the article and sentences a-f in exercise b. immediate effect ……….. foods …………mental health ………… improvements .…………link …………physical exercise How food affects mood Eating ice cream really does make you happy. Scientists at the Institute of Psychiatry in London tested the brains of people eating vanilla ice cream. They found an immediate effect on parts of the brain 1. … . It works on the same part of the brain that reacts when people win money or listen to music. 2. … can improve people's mood and even their overall mental health. A survey of 200 people found 88 per cent reported that changing their diet improved their mental health. 26 per cent said they had seen marked improvements in mood swings, 26 per cent had seen improvements in panic attacks and anxiety, and 24 per cent in depression. People in the survey identified mood 'stressors' and 'supporters'. Eating fewer 'stressors' like chocolate, sugar, caffeine and alcohol improved their mood. They also increased the 'supporters' they ate, like water, fruit, vegetables and oily fish. Not skipping breakfast, and eating regularly also led to an increase in well-being. Over a third of people said they were 'very certain' that the improvements to their mental health were directly linked to the changes they had made to their diet. One person who completed the survey said, ' 3. … but I do lapse and when I do, I feel noticeably different. Once you find out your triggers, you can feel so much better.' Amanda Geary, 4. … said 'A lot of these changes are very simple things that people can do and are fairly safe, and fit with healthy eating advice.' Dr Wendy Doyle, a dietician, said oily fish and fruit and vegetables were known to be beneficial. 'They are good for general health - and you must have enough fluid to prevent dehydration.' She said people would also feel better 5. … Dr Doyle added, 'People may feel bad after eating chocolate because they enjoyed eating it, 6. … ' e. Complete the sentences with the collocations from exercise d. I think there's a … between talking about your feelings and being happy. I gave up strong coffee and it had an … on me - I stopped having headaches straight away and I slept better. There's been … in my children's behaviour since they have stopped eating sugar. A diet containing the … doesn't have to be boring. Many people don't realise that … is linked to eating a good diet. Taking …, like walking or cycling, helps me deal with stress. Ex. 17. Comment on the proverbs: A hungry man is an angry man! / Eat to live but do not live to eat! / / One man’s meat is another man’s poison. / Hunger is the best spice. Ex. 18. Describe your eating habits. You should say: what and where you prefer to eat; what food is healthy for you; who usually cooks in your family. Comment on a proverb “We are what we eat”. VIII. OCCUPATION Ex. 1. a. Read the text and find English equivalents for the following Russian words and word combinations: 1) закончить школу; 2) биржа труда или бюро по трудоустройству; 3) высшее образование; 4) работа на неполную ставку; 5) зарабатывать деньги; 6) будущая профессия; 7) умения и навыки; 8) подготовительные курсы; 9) получить диплом; 10) получить квалификацию по какой-либо профессии. Jobs for Young People in the UK Some people leave school at sixteen and immediately start to work. But if they don’t have a job to go to, the first thing to enter the job market is to go to a local Job Centre or careers office, where they can get free advice and guidance. Other people start to work after they have completed their higher education and get diploma at 22 or 23. However, many young people can work while they are still at school or university. One of the most traditional part-time jobs for schoolchildren is delivering newspapers to people’s doors. Many young people also work in cafés, restaurants, department stores and bars or do baby-sitting. Students can find special summer jobs such as fruit picking to help them earn money during the summer holidays. Those who leave school with only basic education can have training opportunities, however, it is often very difficult for them to find jobs. Some young people go to college where they can learn skills to help them in their future profession. One can also choose some training courses, for example art, mechanics, hairdressing or cookery. Those young people who complete their higher education on graduation can study to get some qualification to a specific profession. b. Identify the following statements as T (true) or F (false) and correct the false ones. Prove your ideas. 1. It is very easy for a person of sixteen to find a job. 2. If you want to have a job you should go to a careers office. 3. People with only basic education can’t find any job. 4. Schoolchildren in the UK can’t earn money. 5. One usually receives a diploma at 22 or 23. 6. A student can’t work in a restaurant. 7. People choose different training courses. 8. Baby-sitting is free in England. 9. To become a journalist you should receive your higher education. 10. No one works during summer holidays. c. Retell the text using the words and phrases from ex.1 a. Ex. 2. Match each job in the list below with the sentence which best refers to the job.
1. Yesterday I had to give an injection to an injured bull. 2. Make sure that the fish is fresh by looking at the eyes. 3. I get rather tired of picking up rubbish all day. 4. Unless you keep the receipts, you’ll pay more tax. 5. I can help you sell the house. 6. The cause was either an electrical fault or a cigarette. 7. I can make new doors for the wardrobe if you like. 8. The taps don’t work, and there is water all over the floor. 9. I want to visit as much of the old city as possible in an afternoon. 10. I want to have a special portrait made for my eighteenth birthday. 11. I can’t see to read very well and I think I need glasses. Ex. 3. Choose the correct word in italics in each sentence. 1. Mrs Grant is a good employee / employer and pays her staff well. 2. Tom works in a local garage as a car engineer / mechanic. 3. I want to borrow some money, so I’m seeing the bank boss / manager. 4. Little Jimmy has got a new professor / teacher at his primary school. 5. Helen joined the army as an officer / official, and is now a captain. 6. The house really needed decorating so I called a painter / wallpaper. 7. Please ask the cash / cashier for a receipt. 8. Have you thought about getting a job as a typewriter / typist. 9. I waited for my letters, but the poster / postman was late as usual. Ex. 4. Supply the best word or words. 1. The person in charge of a business is informally known as the … . a) chef b) chief c) boss 2. The person who is in charge of a car is the … . a) guide b) leader c) motorist d) driver e) conductor 3. A person who prepares food is a … . a) cook b) cooker 4. A person who works in an office is an … . a) officer b) office worker 5. A person who takes photographs is a … . a) photograph b) photographer c) photography 6. A person who knows how to use a keyboard is a … . a) typewriter b) typist c) typing machine writer 7. A woman who looks after other people’s children is a … . a) nanny b) nurse 8. The person you work with is your … . a) college b) colleague c) collaborator 9. The person who is in charge of a restaurant is a … . a) patron b) manager 10. The person who would service your car is … . a) a mechanic b) an engineer c) a technician 11. A person who studies the origins of the universe is a … . a) physician b) physicist c) physics 12. Another word for a ‘doctor’ is a … . a) physician b) physicist c) medicine 13. The person who teaches you at school is a … . a) teacher b) professor 14. If you are one of the people waiting to be served in a shop you are a … . a) client b) customer c) patient d) guest 15. If you serve people who come into a shop, you are … . a) an official b) a shop assistant c) an attendant d) a bank clerk Ex. 5 a. Which of the jobs in the box can you see in the photos? Label the photos.
    1. ___________ 2. ___________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ b. Use the extra information in sentences 1-10 to guess the meanings of the words in bold. Translate the sentences into Russian. It’s very competitive. It’s difficult to find a good job. It’s very well-paid. He gets £60,000 a year as well as a bonus at the end of the year. It’s a quite rewarding. You really help people and that makes you feel good. It’s quite insecure. You are often self-employed or have a temporary contract and it’s quite badly-paid. You don’t have any responsibility. Once your day’s finished, you don’t have to worry about anything. You need to be quite creative. You have to think of a lot of new ideas and new ways of doing things. It’s very stressful. You’re under a lot of time pressure. It’s physically demanding. You have to be strong and fit. It’s very varied. You get to do lots of different things. There’s a lot of paperwork – writing reports, filling in forms, things like that. c. Match the sentence halves. 1. It's not a bad job. I'm involved …. 2. I feel so fed up. I've applied ….. 3. I've worked late every night this week. I've got …. 4. People often ask how I got ….. 5. I know all jobs have their …. 6. It's such a relief to work shorter hours. In my old job I did …. 7. In the interview they asked if I could work under …. a. pressure. Of course I said yes. b. for hundreds of jobs but no luck yet. с. an important deadline to meet. d. boring moments, but I expected computing to be more fun than this. e. in inspecting hotels for a travel company. f. something like 50 hours a week. g. into the film industry. I worked my way up from the bottom. d. Complete the opinions below with the pairs of words in the box. Which of the jobs are the people talking about?
1. Of course, it's … because you have people's lives in your hands, but it's also incredibly … when someone's health improves. 2. We work on short contracts so it's quite … . It's also … - I spend the day lifting and carrying heavy weights. 3. It's hard coming up with new ideas all the time, but, after all, people pay me to be … . I'm self-employed and I have a wide range of clients, so my work is very … . 4. People think that because we deal with money that we are very … . You can earn a lot but only really in the top jobs and they are difficult to find. It's a very … industry. 5. It's a big … when we have to prepare a case for court, but one of the worst things is the … . Working with each client involves hundreds of documents, letters and emails. e. Work in groups. Discuss these questions. Are the jobs in Ex. 5. a. good jobs to have in your country at the moment? Would you do any of them? Do you know anyone who does any of these jobs? Who do they work for? Do they enjoy it? What jobs do you find boring / competitive / rewarding / well-paid / stressful/ creative? Why? What professions are very popular in Russia among young people? Why?  Track 1. Ex. 6 a. You are going to hear two people, Ivan and Amanda, talking about work. Listen and answer the questions. What do they do now? What jobs have they done in the past? What are Ivan’s plans for the future? Why? How old are they both now? b. Decide which words in italics you heard. Then listen again and check. I’m involved in / on designing what you see on the screen. How did you getting / get into that? Vodafone were recruiting people so I applied / replied and I got a job. It’s like any job. It has its boring moments / minutes. It depends if we have a deadline to complete / meet. I do something / anything like fifty or sixty hours a week. That must be stressed / stressful. I sometimes work better under / in pressure. |