Экология. НОВ.2019_Сборник_контрольных_работ_для_заочников_ФЗО_1. Технологический университет
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Вариант 2 для направления подготовки 24.05.01 – «Проектирование, производство и эксплуатация ракет и ракетно-космических комплексов»Прочитайте и устно переведите текст на русский язык. NUMERICAL CONTROL Numerical control is a form of programmable automation in which a machine is controlled by numbers (and other symbols) that have been coded on punched paper tape or an alternative storage medium. The initial application of numerical control was in the machine tool industry, to control the position of a cutting tool relative to the work part being machined. Today a small computer is used as the controller in an NC machine tool, and the program is actuated from computer memory rather than punched paper tape. Many applications of numerical control have been developed since its initial use to control machine tools. Other machines using numerical control include component-insertion machines used in electronics assembly, drafting machines that prepare engineering drawings, coordinate measuring machines that perform accurate inspections of parts. In these applications, the term numerical control is not always used explicitly, but the operating principle is the same: coded numerical data are employed to control the position of a tool relative to some object. The component-insertion machine is used to position electronic components (e.g. semiconductor chip modules) onto a printed circuit board (PCB). A typical printed circuit board has dozens of individual components that must be placed on its surface; in many cases, the lead wires of the components must be inserted into small holes in the board, requiring great precision by the insertion machine. The program that controls the machine indicates which components are to be placed on the board and their locations. This information is contained in the product-design database and is typically communicated directly from the computer to the insertion machine. (The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. URL: https://www.asme.org/topics-resources/content/robots-grow-in-numbers) II. Письменно переведите 2 и 3 абзац. III. Найдите абзац, где выражается основная идея текста. Тренировочные упражнения для работы в аудитории1). Переведите на английский, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple Passive. Ее пригласили — Ее приглашают — Ее пригласят Нас попросили – Нас просят – Нас попросят Нам звонили- Нам звонят – Нам позвонят Нам отправили – Нам отправляют – Нам отправят Им прислали – Им присылают – Им пришлют Ему сделали – Ему делают - Ему сделают 2). Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple Passive [6]. 1. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703. 2. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn. 3. My question (to answer) yesterday. 4. These trees (to plant) last autumn. 5. I (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday. 6. Many houses (to build) in our town every year. 7. This work (to do) tomorrow. 8. This text (to translate) at the last lesson. 9. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday. 10. Many interesting games always (to play) at our PT lessons. 11. This bone (to give) to my dog tomorrow. 12. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday. 13. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week. 14. Hockey (to play) in winter. 15. The letter (to receive) yesterday. 16. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London. 17. His new book (to finish) next year. 18. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets. 19. Bread (to eat) every day. 3) Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice [6]. 1. They haven't brought back my skates. 2. Has anybody explained the rules of the game to you? 3. By the middle of autumn we had planted all the trees. 4. They sell milk in this shop. 5. I have translated the whole text. 6. At twelve o'clock the workers were loading the trucks. 7. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets. 8. We shall do the work in the evening. 9. He wrote this book in the 19th century. 10. They were playing tennis from four till five. 11. He stole a lot of money from the shop. 12. By six o'clock they had finished the work. 13. They broke the window last week. 14. By three o'clock the workers had loaded the trucks. 15. We send our daughter to rest in the south every year. 16. They will show this film on TV. 17. They are building a new concert-hall in our street. 18. They have made a number of important experiments in this laboratory. 19. Livingstone explored Central Africa in the 19th century. 20. They are repairing the clock now. 21. They will stage this play at the beginning of next season. 22. They have forgotten the story. 23. We shall bring the books tomorrow. 24. I bought potatoes yesterday. 4). Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice [6]. I. The students greeted the famous lecturer warmly. 2. They have recently built a huge plant, in the town of N. 3. We must finish the work by tomorrow. 4. When I fell ill, my mother sent for the doctor. 5. They looked for the girl everywhere. 6. They did not listen to the boy. 7. She looks after the patients well. 8. They asked for our address. 9. My father looked through these papers this morning- Ю- He will give my brother English lessons. 1.1. A friend of his has shown me an interesting magazine. 12. His friend told him everything. 13. They showed Helen the nearest way to the theatre. 14. He gave his patient some good advice. 15. Mary has told me the news. 16. The people looked at the little boy with interest. 17. They examined the paper attentively. 5). Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice [6]. 1. We asked him about his holidays. 2. They have already discussed the novel. 3. He did not give me his address. 4. She showed him the way to the metro station. 5. He will introduce me to his friends. 6. They are building a bridge over the river. 7. I haven't yet translated the article. 8. We were looking at the man with great surprise. 9. You will speak about the film at the lesson. 10. The headmistress sent for the pupil's parents. 11. Has the secretary typed the letters? — No, she is typing them now. 6). Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice [6]. 1. We turn on the light when it is dark. 2. The students finished their translation in time. 3. Helen washed the dishes. 4. Betty often took her younger brother for a walk. 5. Mother has made some coffee. 6. Have you ironed your dress yet? 7. Nina mispronounced this word. 8. They have told her the truth. 9. She promised us an interesting entertainment. 10. One uses chalk for writing on the blackboard. 11. I shall finish my work about seven o'clock. 12. Somebody has opened the door. 1.3. The waitress brought in the coffee. 14. One of my friends took me to the cinema last week. 15. We shall finish this work in time. 16. They built this house in 1960. 17. They were selling new children's books in that shop when I entered it yesterday. 18. A large group of young people joined us on our way to the station. 19. A young teacher started a school in this village. 20. They are translating this article now. 21. Thousands of people attended this meeting. 22. He has just interrupted me. 23. The teacher has explained it to us. 7). Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice [6]. 1. They did not invite her to the party. 2. I did not leave the window open. 3. They did not turn off the light. 4. I have invited some friends to tea 5. She has given me an English book. 6. Have you written the letter yet? 7. They have told us a lot о S interesting things. 8. The students have written the test-paper without mistakes. 9. The children have scattered about a lot of things. 10. The girl has put all the books into the bookcase. 11. They will hand in the homework tomorrow. 13. I don't think we shall finish all the preparations today. 14. She al ways invites me to her dinner parties. 15. Shot showed me the dress which her daughter had made. 16. We discussed the matter some days ago. 17. Someone wants you on the phone. 18. She found my book on the window-sill. 19. They have built excellent shelters for tourists in these mountains. 20. Have you given the exercises to all the students? 21. The boy was angry because his mother did not allow him to go to the stadium. 22. Why have you put my books on this table? 8). Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice [6]. 1. We received this letter after his departure. 2. Have dogs ever attacked you? 3. Bees gather honey from flowers. 4. The storm drove the ship against a rock. 5. Who discovered the circulation of blood? 6. They are selling delicious fruit ice cream there now. 7. The old man showed us the way out of the wood. 8. They offered her some interesting work. 9. The doctor prescribed her new medicine. 10. They often speak about him. 11. Everybody laughed at this funny animal. 12. We have been looking for you the whole morning. 13. We shall insist on strict discipline. 14. They teach three foreign languages at this school. 9) .Объясните употребление глагола to be в следующих предложениях и переведите на русский язык: 1. The letter was written by the director. 2. The telegram will be posted at once. 3. They are to leave Moscow tonight. 4. The children were walking down the street. 5. He is a well-known musician. 6. We were at home last night. 10).Объясните употребление глагола to have в следующих предложениях и переведите на русский язык: 1. We will have plenty of fruit in the autumn. 2. He has breakfast at home. 3. We have to leave home early in the morning. 4. He had the letter typed. 5. He has a small family. 6. She has come home. 11).Объясните употребление глагола to do в следующих предложениях и переведите на русский язык: 1. I am sorry you don't know my brother. – But I do know him. 2. What did he do there? 3. Where does he work? 4. He will do it by himself. 5. Don’t open the door. 6. Do stay with us a little longer. 7. Did you speak to him? – No, I didn’t. 12).Вставьтечастицу «to» перединфинитивом, гденеобходимо [6]. 1. I would like ____ some juice 2. Would you like ____ know about that article? 3. You have___ work hard because you want_ be rich. 4. Would you like ___ try my apple pie? 5. The students should _ study very well to be professionals. 6. May I___ come in? 7. They heard _ her words. 8. He would rather ____ find another trip, because this one is not interesting. 9. He did not want___ play tennis any more. 10. I want___ travel around the world. 11. She had better _____ apply for this job.12. I can ____ walk your dog this week. 13. He will ___ watch TV this weekends. 14. Let me___ help you with your homework. 15. Jesse made her son ____ eat the porridge. 16. We would like ___ try this famous bottle of wine. 17. We can___ speak English and German. 18. Would you like ____ try our new dish? 19. She want___ play the piano on the party. 20. I like___ draw. 13). Вставьте частицу "to" перед инфинитивом, где необходимо [6]. 1. That funny scene made me ... laugh. 2. Do you like ... listen to good music? 3. We had ... put on our overcoats because it was cold. 4. It is time ... get up. 5. Let me ... help you with your homework. 6. May I ... use your telephone? 7. They heard the girl ... cry out with joy. 8. I would rather ... stay at home today. 9. He did not want ... play in the yard any more. 10. Would you like ... go to England? 11. You look tired. You had better ... go home. 12. I wanted ... speak to Nick, but could not... find his telephone number. 13. They wanted ... cross the river. 14. It is high time for you ... go to bed. 15. I was planning ... do a lot of things yesterday. 16. I'd like ... speak to you. 17. I think I shall be able ... solve this problem. 18. What makes you ... think you are right? 19. I shall do all I can ... help you. 20. I like ... dance. 21. I'd like ... dance. 22. She made me ... repeat my words several times. 23. I saw him ... enter the room. 24. She did not let her mother ... go away. 25. My brother can ... speak French. 26. Would you like ... listen to good music? 27. I like ... play the guitar. 14). Закончите предложения, употребляя сложное дополнение [6]. E.g. "Bring me a book," said my brother to me. My brother wanted me to bring him a book, 1. "Oh, father, buy me this toy, please," said the little boy. — The little boy wanted . 2. The man said: "My son will study mathematics." — The man wanted ... 3. My daughter will go to a ballet school," said the woman. — The woman wanted ... 4. "Don't eat ice-cream before dinner," said our mother to us. Our mother did not want ... 5. "Come to my birthday party," said Kate to her classmates — Kate wanted ... 6. The biology teacher said to us: "Collect some insects in summer." — The biology teacher wanted ... 7. "Bring me some water from the river, children," said our grandmother. — Our grandmother wanted ... 8. The teacher said to the pupils: "Learn the rule." — The teacher wanted ... 9. "Be careful, or else you will spill the milk," said my mother to me. — My mother did not want ... 10. "It will be very good if you study English," said my mother to me. — My mother wanted ... " 11. "Fix the shelf in the kitchen," my father said to me. — My father wanted ... 12. "Wait for me after school," said Ann to me. — Ann wanted ... 15). Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение [6]. 1. Папа хочет, чтобы я была пианисткой. 2. Я бы хотел, чтобы мои ученики хорошо знали английский язык. 3. Дети хотели, чтобы я рассказал им сказку. 4. Мне хотелось бы, чтобы доктор посмотрел его. 5. Она не хотела, чтобы я уехал в Москву. 6. Я бы не хотел, чтобы вы потеряли мою книгу. 7. Я хочу, чтобы вы прочли эту книгу. 8. Мы хотим, чтобы этот артист приехал к нам в школу. 9. Вам бы хотелось, чтобы я рассказал вам эту историю? 10. Хотите, я дам вам мой словарь? 11. Я не хочу, чтобы ты получил плохую оценку. 12. Мне бы не хотелось, чтобы они опоздали. 13. Я не хотела, чтобы вы меня ждали. 14. Она бы хотела, чтобы ее брат получил первый приз. 15. Я хочу, чтобы все дети смеялись. 16. Я хочу, чтобы все это прочитали. 17. Им бы хотелось, чтобы мы проиграли игру. 18. Она хотела, чтобы ее сын хорошо окончил школу. 19. Я не хочу, чтобы она знала об этом. 20. Он хотел, чтобы его друг пошел с ним. 21. Мой брат хочет, чтобы я изучала испанский Язык. 22. Мне бы хотелось, чтобы вы приехали к нам. 16). Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее [6]. 1. Chernyshevsky is known to have spoken several foreign languages. 2. The number of the unemployed is reported to be increasing with every year. 3. These devices are considered to be very effective. 4. Clyde was expected to arrive at the week-end. 5. Becky and Tom were supposed to have stayed at the widow Douglas'. 6. He is said to be a good translator. 7. Many new textbooks are expected to be published soon. 8. The Moscow Underground is said to be the finest in the world. 9. Не was said to be one of the most promising nuclear physicists. 10. A hare is known to run very fast. 11. The man was seen to take off his coat. 12. The diamond content of the mines in Western Yakutia is said to be in no way inferior to that of the world-famous South African mines. 13. That power station is known to be situated on the Angara River. 14. Roberta was known to be an honest and hard-working girl. 15. Many books are known to be published in our country every year. 16. You are supposed to graduate in four years. 17. Radium is said to be very radioactive. 18. I did not know what I was expected to say to that, so I said nothing. 19. His invention is considered to be of great importance. 20. This type of rocket is supposed to have many advantages. 23. For a longtime the atom was thought to be indivisible. 21. The new rocket is reported to go into operation next year. 22. The sun is known to represent a mass of compressed gases. 24. The helium atom was found to have two electrons. 25. This device was known to have been designed in that laboratory. 17). Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя сложное подлежащее [6]. E.g. We heard that a car stopped outside the door, A car was heard to stop outside the door. It is believed that the poem was written by Byron. The poem is believed to have been written by Byron. 1. It was reported that five ships were missing after the battle. 2. It is said that the book is popular with both old and young. 3. It is said that this man was very handsome in his youth. 4. It is expected that the performance will be a success. 5. People consider the climate there to be very healthful. 6. It is believed that the poem was written by an unknown soldier. 7. It is supposed that the playwright is working at a new comedy. 8. It is reported that the flood has caused much damage to the crops. 9. It was supposed that the crops would be rich that year. 10. It has been found that this mineral water is very good for the liver. 11. Scientists consider that electricity exists throughout space. 12. It is said that the weather in Europe was exceedingly hot last summer. 13. It was announced that the Chinese dancers were arriving next week. 14. We know Bernard Shaw to have been a very witty man. 18). Соедините два предложения в одно [6]: 1 (Helen took some photographs. Have you seen them?) Have you seen thephotographsHelen took?2 You gave me a pen. I've lost it.) I've lost the…………………………….. 3 (Sue is wearing a jacket. I like it.) I like the……………………………….. 4 (I gave you some flowers. Where are they?) Where are the…………………………... 5 (He told us a story. I didn't believe it.) I ……………………………………….. 6 (You bought some oranges. How much were they?) 19).Соедините два предложения в одно [6]. 1 (I was carrying a bag. It was very heavy.) The bag I was carrying was very heavy. 2 (You cooked a meal. It was excellent.) The………………………………….. 3 (I'm wearing shoes. They aren't very comfortable.) The shoes…………………………… 4 (We invited some people to dinner. They didn't come.) The…………………………………. 20). Задайте вопросы и завершите предложения [6]. 1 Your friend stayed at a hotel. You ask: What's the name of the hotel ,you stayed ..at ? 2 Your friend was talking to some people. You ask: Who are the people………………………….. 3 Your friend was looking for some keys. You ask: Did you find the…………………………….. 4 Your friend is going to a party. You ask: Where is the………………………………….. 5 Your friend was talking about a film. You ask: What's the name of………………………….. 6 Your friend is listening to some music. You ask: What's that…………………………………… |