Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов Издание шестое, стереотипное

• Название: Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов Издание шестое, стереотипное
• Анкор: orlovskaya.docx
• Дата: 12.12.2017
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• Имя файла: orlovskaya.docx
• Тип: Учебник; #11112
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Упражнение 1. А. Прочитайте словосочетания из текста 11А и постарайтесь понять значения выделенных слов.

1. 
   the threshold of a new technological age
   
2. 
   who was awarded the Noble Prize
   
3. 
   which won for them the Noble Prize
   
4. 
   their quality is often uneven
   

В. Подберите к каждому выделенному в А слову соответствующее ему по значению.

1. 
   give or grant (by official decision)
   
2. 
   irregular, changing
   
3. 
   start, beginning
   
4. 
   get by means of hard work or struggle as a result of competition
   

Упражнение 2. А. Прочитайте текст и постарайтесь понять значения терминов memory cells, windings, coils.

The practical applications of superconductivity are limited because of the very low temperatures required. Some materials, for example lead, become almost perfect conductors at very low temperatures at the absolute zero (—273 °C). However, a number of uses have been proposed.

If a current is induced by a magnetic field in a ring of superconducting material, it will continue to circulate when the magnetic field is removed. In theory this could be made use of in the memory cells of computers. Memory cells made of superconducting material could store information indefinitely. Because of the zero resistivity of the cells, the information could be retrieved quickly, as fast as 10^-8 seconds.

90 per cent of the total losses in modern transformers is due to the resistance of the windings. Transformers could be made with windings cooled to the low temperature at which superconductivity occurs. The resistance would be zero and the transformer would be almost ideal. Similarly, a 100 % efficient electric motor has been proposed using the magnetic field of superconducting coils.

В. Подберите к каждому слову в колонке А соответствующее из колонки В.


А

1. 
   induce
   
2. 
   remove
   
3. 
   indefinitely
   
4. 
   memory cell
   
5. 
   retrieve
   
6. 
   winding
   
7. 
   coil
   

В

1. 
   find, get back
   
2. 
   unlimitedly
   
3. 
   spiral
   
4. 
   length of wire wound in a spiral to conduct electric current
   
5. 
   bring about
   
6. 
   take off, away
   
7. 
   the unit of computer which stores data for future use
   

100. 
     Найдите в тексте, приведенном в А, три пары синонимов.
     

4. 
   Заполните таблицу на словообразование.
   

Verb	Noun	Adjective
	retrieval
• • •	• • •	removable
define		• • •
*> • •		resistant
apply		• • »
...		conductive
present		...
...	• • •	explanatory
...	belief	• • •
...	introduction	...

Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски словами conduct, superconductivity, superconductor, superconductive.




1.... at high temperatures was almost discovered in 1979. 2. The Russian scientists found an oxide of metal they were experimentingwith to ... electric current. Moreover, the lower the temperature, the less resistance the material had. 3. The resistance continued to fall in liquefied nitrogen. To continue the experiments, they needed liquid helium. To obtain it was quite a problem at that time. So the experiments were stopped. 4. But it was this compound of copper, lanthanum and oxygen that proved to be a ... for which the Swiss physicists were honoured with a Noble Prize in 1987. 5. Later neither efforts nor money were spared (жалеть, экономить) for the study of the ... materials. Moreover, there were no longer any problems with helium.

Упражнение 4. А. Назовите 15—20 ключевых слов и словосочетаний на тему:

«Superconductivity research».

В. Speak about:

Latest achievements in conductivity research.

LESSON 12

Сослагательное наклонение Многофункциональность глаголов should, would Особенности пассивного залога Глаголы to involve, result in, result from

Text 12A. The International Space Station

Text 12B. Benefits of Building the ISS

Text 12C. Living Aboard the Space Shuttle and the ISS

Text 12D. Time Travel and New Universes

ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения с глаголом-сказуемым в сослагательном наклонении.

1. 
   1. Would you like to come with us? 2. Would you be so kind as to tell me how to get to the Red Square? 3. Could you tell me the way to the main building of the University? 4. Would you mind giving me your dictionary for a minute? 5. Would you be kind enough to pass me the text-book? 6. I’d like to thank you for your help. 7. He’d like to meet you.
   
2. 
   1. You are the only person she would listen to. 2. The material in that book is very much out of date. The book must have been written a long time ago. 3. He speaks English well. He must have lived in the United States for a long time. 4. You could have done it in a different way. 5. It’s strange he is not here. However, he might have forgotten all about it. Or he might have come while I was out.
   

6. 
   For long journeys in private cars one could use automatic guidance systems. 7. One laser beam could carry all the radio, TV and telephone messages simultaneously.
   

3. 
   1. Mary wishes she could drive a car. 2.1 wish that, for just a day, I were President of the United States. 3.1 wish I had not spent so much money yesterday. 4. I wish when a boy I had studied
   

French instead of English. 5. John wishes he had been a mechanical engineer. 6.1 wish I had a car. 7.1 wish you had mentioned this fact to me before.

4. 
   1. If he were better educated, he would get the job. 2. Were I you, I should speak to him about it. 3.1 would have called you if I had had your telephone number. 4. Had she felt better, she would have gone with them. 5. If you watched a laser operate, you might be surprised at the simplicity of a device capable of such power. 6. «If I had had a chance to live my life again, I should have tried to combine the study of the history of art, philosophy and science.» «But then you wouldn’t be good at either.» «No, you are probably right, I’d be a dilettante.»
   
5. 
   1. K. Onnes found that it was necessary that a mercury wire be cooled to —265 °C for electrical resistivity to disappear. 2. Tsiol- kovsky proposed that liquid propellants should be used for space travel. 3. Recently it has been improbable that superconductivity should appear at an unbelievable temperature of 98 К in a special ceramic material. 4. The great speeds and high resistance of air demand that new hyperliners be built without windows. 5. It is essential that a superconductor should be a solid material and it is necessary that it should be cooled to —273 °C. 6. It was natural for the ancient Greeks to suppose that the stars, planets, the sun and the moon move round the Earth in space. 7. It is possible that a compound should become a superconductor even if the chemical elements constituting it are not. 8. Copernicus suggested that the Sun and not the Earth should be at the centre of everything.
   

Упражнение 2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на союзы in order that, so that, lest.

1. A special system is being developed so that drivers could see after dark. 2. Aircraft designers tend to replace conventional metal alloys by new composite materials in order that an aircraft structure should be lighter. 3. Some materials are cooled almost to —273 °C so that they should become superconductors. 4. Great attention is paid to ecological problems all over the world so that air in supercities should be clean. 5. You must put down this formula lest you should forget it. 6. Metal parts are tested for defects lest they should fail in operation. 7. Students must work hard lest they should fail at examinations. 8. All kinds of safety devices for motor cars are being developed lest accidents should occur. 9. A hypersonic craft will require complicated cooling measures lest it should burn.