АНГЛИЙСКИЙ. Учебнометодическое пособие для студентов, обучающихся на индивидуальном графике по направлению подготовки 49. 03. 01 Физическая культура
 Скачать 152.78 Kb.
|
|
Coaching Roles The roles that you will find you undertake as a coach will be many and varied and you will find at some stage in your coaching career that you will be, but not limited to: Advisor – Advising athletes on the training to be conducted and suitable kit and equipment. Counselor – Resolving emotional problems on the basis that sharing anxieties can be both relieving and reassuring. Demonstrator – Demonstrate to the athletes the skill you require them to perform. Friend – Over the years of working with an athlete a personal relationship is built up where as well as providing coaching advice you also become someone, a friend, who they can discuss their problems or share their success with. Facilitator – Identify suitable competitions for them to compete in to help them achieve their overall objectives for the year. Fact finder – Gathering data of national and international results and to keep abreast of current training techniques Fountain of knowledge – This may be part of the advisor role in that you will often be asked questions on any sporting event, events that were on the television, diet, sports injuries and topics unrelated to their sport. Instructor – Instructing athletes in the skills of their sport. Mentor – When athletes attend training sessions you are responsible for ensuring that they are safe and secure. Motivator – Maintain the motivation of all the athletes the whole year round. Organizer and planner – Preparation of training plans for each athlete and organize attendance at meetings and coaching clinics. Role Model – A person who serves as a model in a particular behavioral or social role for another person to emulate. Supporter – Competition can be a very nerve racking experience for some athletes and often they like you to be around to help support them through the pressures. A coach is required to comply with their National Governing Body’s code of ethics and conduct. The following is a summary of the code of ethics for coaches as supplied by the National Governing Body for Athletics in the UK to its registered coaches. The coach’s primary role is to facilitate the process of individual development through achievement of athletic potential. To fulfill this role the coach must behave in an ethical manner respecting the following points: Coaches must respect basic human rights. Coaches should operate without discrimination on the grounds of gender, race, color, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, birth or other status. Coaches must respect the dignity and recognize the contribution of each individual. This includes respecting the right for freedom from physical or sexual harassment and advances. Coaches must ensure that the practical environment is safe and appropriate. This must take into consideration the age, maturity and skill level of the athlete. This is particularly important in the case of younger or less developed athletes. Coaches must acknowledge and respect the Rules of Competition. This respect should extend to the spirit as well as to the letter of the rules, in both training and competition, to ensure fairness of competitive opportunity between all athletes Coaches must exhibit an active respect for officials, by accepting the ability of the officials to ensure that competitions are conducted fairly and according to the established rules. Coaches have a responsibility to influence the performance and conduct of the athletes they coach, while encouraging the independence and self-determination of each athlete by their acceptance of responsibility for their own decisions, conduct and performance. Coaches must assert a positive and active leadership role to prevent any use of prohibited drugs or other disallowed performance enhancing substances or practices. This leadership by coaches includes education of the athletes on the harmful effects of prohibited substances and practices. The coach must acknowledge that all coaches have an equal right to desire the success of the athletes they coach – competing within the rules. Observation, recommendations and criticism of coaching practice should be directed to the appropriate person outside the view or hearing of the public. Coaches should never solicit, either overtly or covertly, athletes who are already receiving coaching to join their squad. Coaches should hold recognized coaching qualifications. Coaches should respect that the gaining of coaching qualifications is an ongoing commitment achieved through the upgrading of their knowledge by attendance at accredited courses and through practical coaching experience. Coaches also have a responsibility to share the knowledge and practical experience they gain. Coaches must respect the image of the coach and continuously maintain the highest standard of personal conduct, reflected in both the manner of appearance and behavior. Coaches should seek out and fully co-operate with all individuals and agencies that could play a role in the development of the athletes they coach. This includes working openly with other coaches, using the expertise of sports scientists and sports physicians, and displaying an active support of their National Governing Body. Sports Agents What Sports Agents Do Sports agents represent professional athletes in different types of business dealings. They may represent only one athlete or many. Their main duty is to negotiate contracts, which requires great communication and persuasive skills. Agents need to clearly summarize the athlete’s salary and benefit demands. They have a clear idea of the athlete’s future and how the contract might affect it. Agents often represent their clients during the clients’ entire careers. Sometimes this means finding work for athletes once their athletic careers are over. Sports agents also negotiate endorsement contracts. An endorsement involves an athlete promoting a product or company in exchange for money. Endorsements and public appearances bring extra income for the athlete, but they also can create good publicity. Sports agents make sure media attention is positive and benefits the athlete. The athlete who wants to attract top endorsements and public appearances must have “star quality” and a good image in addition to being a top athletic performer. Networking is an important part of the everyday routine of sports agents. Agents keep up professional and social contacts that might help clients. For example, an agent for a tennis player might get to know executives whose companies make tennis racquets, balls, and clothing. By developing friendly business relationships, the agent is better able to negotiate product endorsement deals. Education and training Business and mathematics courses will teach you about management and numbers. English and speech classes will help you develop your communication skills. A bachelor’s degree in business administration, marketing, or sports management is recommended for this field. Many people who eventually become agents also have a graduate degree in law or business. To earn a law degree, you must complete a three – year law school program after you complete at least three years of college. During your second and third years of law school, you may take specialized courses in contract law or business transactions. Most law school graduates take the bar exam, a written exam given by the state where you want to practice. Outlook The outlook for sports agents, in general, looks strong. The sports industry is doing well. As cable television brings greater choices to the viewing public, it is possible that less publicized sports, such as snowboarding, lacrosse, and rodeo, will become more popular. This may bring new revenues (or earnings) into those sports and create more opportunities for agents. The one thing to remember about this field is that it does not employ a large number of people. This means that there will be strong competition for jobs as sports agents because many people want to enter the field. Exploring • Participate in school and community sports. You don’t necessarily have to be an athlete, although that would help you understand the needs of your future clients. You can shag balls at tennis tournaments, be a golf caddie, or apply for ballboy/ ballgirl positions with major or minor league ball teams. Read biographies of famous athletes to learn how they and their agents have managed their careers. There are also books available by and about agents. • Talk to a sports agent about his or her career. Tips for Success To be a successful sports agent, you should have good negotiation skills have a confident, outgoing personality have excellent communication skills have strong persuasive skills be good at networking Sports Broadcasters and Announcers What Sports Broadcasters and Announcers Do Sports broadcasters and announcers select, write, and deliver information about sports news on radio and television news broadcasts. Others work as announcers at sports events. They cover sporting events before and after they are played, as well as provide play – by- play coverage during the event. Sports broadcasters are also known as sportscasters and sports anchors. The main job of sportscasters who work for news broadcasts is to summarize sports news and deliver daily sportscasts. Sportscasters who cover live events deliver a play – by- play report. Play – by- play reports detail everything that is happening in the game. The most common sports for which sportscasters deliver play – by- play broadcasts are baseball, basketball, football, hockey, and soccer. Radio sportscasters have to describe each play in enough detail that listeners can see, or visualize, the game as if they were actually there watching it. Television sportscasters comment on the players’ actions, coaching decisions, technique, strategy (a careful plan for competing in a contest), and other aspects of the game. Sportscasters provide game and player statistics and update them as the event progresses. They often interview coaches and athletes. Stadium announcers provide spectators with public address announcements before and during a sports event. Stadium announcers may be sportscasters or they may be professional announcers or emcees who make their living recording voiceovers for radio and television commercials, and for large corporations or department stores. Stadium announcers usually give the lineups for games and provide player names and numbers during specific times in a contest. They also make public announcements during time – outs and pauses in play. They generally keep the crowd involved in the event. To be a successful sports broadcaster or announcer, you should have a pleasant, but strong, speaking voice, solid knowledge of the sport that you broadcast, excellent verbal and in terviewing skills, and an outgoing personality. In addition, you should have excellent grammar and English usage and the ability to ad – lib if and when it is necessary. (Ad – libbing is the ability to fill time if a sporting event is delayed by bad weather or other events). If you work as a television sportscaster, you should be extra certain to have a pleasant appearance and be well – groomed. Education and Training Take speech and English classes in school to hone your communication skills. Play your favorite sports to learn strategy, common terms, and rules and regulations. News sportscasters usually have a four – year college degree in communications or journalism. Personality and overall on – camera appearance are also important. Some employers may value these skills more than your education. If you are interested in a sports broadcasting career, make contacts with sports broadcasters through internships and part – time or volunteer jobs. Outlook There will continue to be strong competition for jobs in this field. Many people dream of working as sports broadcasters and announcers. Top jobs in large cities and for popular teams only go to those with a lot of experience and broadcasting skill. Employment for sports broadcasters and announcers is expected to decline over the next decade. Not many new radio and television stations are expected to enter the market. Most job openings will come as sportscasters leave their jobs to retire, relocate to live in other areas, or work in other professions. Exploring • Participate in a sport. By learning a sport inside and out, you learn the movements and techniques that you will describe as a sportscaster. • Volunteer to help out with school teams by shagging balls, running drills, or managing equipment. Keeping statistics is good practice for learning percentages and background information on the strengths and weaknesses of each athlete. • Watch your favorite sports events on television without the sound. Record your own play- by- play delivery. • Join your school’s speech or debate team. Speaking before an audience is a great way to practice for speaking in front of a camera or on a microphone. • Deejay on your school’s radio station or volunteer at a local radio or cable television station. • Write about your school’s sports teams for your school or local newspaper. What Sports Coaches Do People of almost any age and level of experience can play on sports teams. Children as young as six can join baseball and soccer leagues. These same children can progress through Pony leagues, Little League sports, and elementary school, high school, and college teams. As adults, some may even become members of professional sports teams. Others may play on neighborhood or work- related teams. All of these teams need sports coaches. There are two kinds of sports coaches: head coaches and athlete coaches. Head coaches lead teams of athletes. Athlete coaches work with athletes in individual sports, such as tennis, swimming, or golf. The primary duty of both types of coaches is to teach and encourage players and to produce winning teams and athletes. Sports coaches are employed by elementary, middle, and high schools; colleges, and universities; professional sports teams; individual athletes such as tennis and golf players; youth leagues; and recreation centers. Coaches must know all the rules and strategies of their sport. They must be able to study the performance of their players and fit players into positions where they contribute the most to their teams. Sports coaches watch their players while they practice to see what elements of their game need to get better. Often, sports coaches demonstrate an aspect of the sport to players. For example, if a swimmer is not performing the backstroke correctly, the coach may get in the water and show exactly how to do it. Whether they work with teams or individuals, coaches also watch opponents to learn their strengths and weaknesses. They use this information to develop strategies on how to win a game or competition. Coaches often work with assistant coaches, who usually focus on one specific aspect of the sport. For example, baseball teams usually have pitching coaches, hitting coaches, outfield coaches, running coaches, and first- and third- base coaches. Football teams have offensive coaches, defensive coaches, linebacker coaches, and quarterback coaches. All of these assistant coaches work under the direction of the head coach. Education and Training In high school, take biology, health, and physical education classes. Taking courses in English and speech will help you develop or improve your communication skills. Participate in sports- either at school or with your friends. Learn the rules and strategies for each sport and try to improve your skills. Many sports coaches have college degrees. It is possible, though,, for someone with knowledge and love of a sport and excellent leadership qualities to become a coach without earning a degree. Coaches usually work their way up through the coaching system. Some begin as assistant coaches on Little League or elementary school teams. They may eventually become head coaches on high school or college teams. The very best coaches go on to coach world- class athletes and professional sports teams. Outlook Americans are big sports fans and enjoy watching and playing team sports. As concern over physical fitness grown, both young and old will participate in sports in record numbers during the coming years. This will create demand for more coaches. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, this occupation will grow faster than the average for all careers. Job opportunities will be best in large cities. But coaches are needed in every community- big or small Many people want to become professional coaches, but there are only so many teams and coaching positions available. Many professional coaching positions go to former professional athletes who have retired from competition. This makes it very difficult to land a job at this level. Opportunities are better in college and university sports programs, but it will still be difficult to land a job. It is easiest to find a job at the elementary, middle, and high school levels. There are many more positions, and you don’t need to be a former professional athlete or have a lot of coaching experience to get a job in these settings. |