АНГЛИЙСКИЙ. Учебнометодическое пособие для студентов, обучающихся на индивидуальном графике по направлению подготовки 49. 03. 01 Физическая культура
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Exploring • Read books and magazines about coaching. • Get as much experience as you can in all sports. This will help you decide which ones you like and dislike. It is never too early to begin to specialize in one particular sport. • Try out for school- sponsored team and individual sports. • Join a community- sponsored sport. Most communities have sports programs such as baseball leagues or track and field meets sponsored by recreation commissions or park districts. • Teach younger kids in your neighborhood about the ins and outs of a particular sport. Tips for Success To be a successful sports coach, you should • enjoy teaching others; • have excellent knowledge of sports techniques and strategies; • have good communication skills; • be a good motivator; • think and work well under pressure. Sports Photographers What Sports Photographers Do Have you ever marveled at a photo of a wide receiver making a fingertip catch at the back of the end zone? A base runner getting thrown out in a cloud of dust at second base? Or your favorite soccer player lifting his arms to the heavens while surrounded by his teammates after kicking a game- winning goal? If so, you have seen the exciting work of sports photographers. Sports photographers take pictures of sporting events and athletes. They shoot everything from a Little League game, to a Nike print advertisement, to major league playoffs, to the Olympics. Their work appears in newspapers, magazines (such as Sports Illustrated), and books, as well as on the Internet. Their photographs capture the movement, skill, and emotion of athletes. Sports photographers have detailed knowledge of the sports they are assigned to shoot. Many sports photographers focus on shooting one or two sports, such as basketball and hockey- both fastmoving, unpredictable sporting events to photograph. Sports photographers must have good equipment in order to be able to capture quick movements and expressions on the athletes’ faces. They need cameras with fast shutter speed abilities, tripods to hold cameras steady, and lenses of varying lengths to achieve appropriate depth of field for the intended image. Sports photographers also need to be at the right place at the right time to get the best shots. Location is key when shooting sporting events. If photographers are too close to the action, they might get injured or, at the very least, interrupt play. If they are too far from the action, they will inevitably miss shots. They need to know where to position themselves to be able to capture the best moments of the game, such as a game- winning goal or a perfect header in soccer. In addition to taking pictures, some sports photographers also spend time developing film and printing photos. However, most photographers now use digital cameras. In digital photography, film is replaced by microchips that record pictures in digital format. Pictures can then be downloaded onto a computer’s hard drive. Photographers use special software to edit the images on screen. Did you Know? Where Sports Photographers Work •Professional sports teams • Newspapers • Sports magazines • Web sites • Photo stock agencies • Sports card companies • Wire services • Self- employed Education and Training In school, take any photography classes that are offered. If you are interested in digital photography, study computers and learn how to use programs that edit photos. Physical education classes will introduce you to the rules of various sports, which will also come in handy when trying to capture images. Most sports photographers earn college degrees in photography as a way to improve their skills, build a portfolio (o collection of their best work), and make themselves more attractive job candidates. However, experience is more important than formal training for sports photographers. Only experienced photographers have enough skill to capture a tennis player as he delivers a 100 mile- per- hour serve or two athletes in mid- air fighting for a rebound. Outlook Employment for photographers will grow about as fast as the average for all careers, according to the U.S. Department of Labor. But employment for sports photographers may not be as strong because there are not as many job opportunities available in this specialty. It takes a lot of skill, ambition, and a little luck to break into this field. Photographers who have a good portfolio and know a lot about sports and the latest photographic equipment will have the best chances of landing a job in the field. Exploring • Join a school sports team to learn a sport in detail and build your skills. • Join a photography club and the school newspaper or yearbook staff. • Bring your camera to sporting events and take photos of the action. • Enter contests sponsored by magazines or community groups. • Talk to a sports photographer about his or her career. • Read sports- related books and magazines and publications about photography. Tips for Success To be a successful sports photographer, you should • be creative and imaginative • have good eyesight and color vision • be an expert in photography and know how to use both traditional and digital cameras • know what sports activities make a good photograph; for example, a baseball player who is known to get especially excited after hitting a home run would be a good candidate for a photograph • be patient when shooting photographs because even the smallest problem with light, action, shadow, etc., could ruin what seems like a perfect shot. • be able to handle deadline- pressure • have good business skills if you are self- employed What Sports Physicians Do Sports physicians are specialized doctors. They treat athletes who have been injured during play or practice. Sports physicians also do physical exams before athletes join a team or compete in an event. Sports physicians are usually either general practitioners or orthopedic surgeons. General practitioners are trained to treat a wide variety of illnesses and injuries. Orthopedic surgeons are special doctors who treat conditions involving the musculoskeletal system (our bones, muscles, tendons, and other tissues). Sports physicians treat the injuries and illnesses of both amateur and professional athletes. To fully understand sports injuries, sports physicians study the athlete as well as the sport. They consider the physical demands (such as running hard to first base or getting tackled by a 350- pound football player) that regularly cause certain injuries. They also study the risk factors that might make an athlete more likely to be injured, such as previous injuries. Exploring • Read books and magazines about sports medicine. • Volunteer at hospitals or nursing homes to get experience in a health care setting. • Learn about anatomy and physical fitness by taking classes at school or at a local gym or fitness center. • Talk to a sports physician about his or her career. Umpires and Referees What Umpires and Referees Do Umpires and referees enforce the rules and regulations of a sport and make decisions on disputes during sports events. The term umpire usually refers to officials at baseball games. Those who officiate at basketball, football, soccer, and other sports events are generally called referees or linesmen. Some umpires officiate professional baseball games, but most work for minor league, amateur, and youth teams. Umpires and referees start work long before a game begins. They inspect the playing field or court to make sure it is in good condition. They check the balls and other equipment to see that they are the appropriate size and weight. During the game, umpires carefully watch the action. There are usually four umpires at a professional baseball game. At amateur games, there are only one or two umpires. Each umpire has specific responsibilities. For example, the home plate umpire calls balls and strikes on the batter. This requires careful attention and quick decisions after the pitcher throws the ball. When the ball is hit, umpires watch to see if it is foul (outside the playing area) or fair (inside the playing area). They must not make decisions too quickly because an outfielder may drop a ball at the last second or a fielder may illegally block a player from running around the bases. Umpires and referees work right in the middle of the action. They watch for illegal moves and fouls. At the same time they must be careful not to get in the way of the players. Linesmen watch the boundaries of a game field carefully and signal when a ball or a player goes out of bounds. Successful umpires and referees have good communication skills. They also have a very good understanding of the sport they officiate. That means they know the rulebook for their sport inside and out and are able to apply these rules during competition. They also should have excellent vision and be in good physical condition because they will have to keep pace with athletes as they compete. Sometimes officials must make important decisions that anger and upset players, coaches, and fans. Managers and players may argue with them about a call. When this happens, they need to remain cool under pressure and have confidence to stand behind their judgment. Sports officials who frequently reverse their calls will not be respected by athletes, coaches, or other officials. Umpires and referees travel a great deal. Professionals travel around the country and rarely spend more than a day or two at home during the season. Education and Training There are no specific educational requirements for umpires and referees. Officials at the amateur level often are former players or coaches who understand the game and know the rules. They may attend a one- day clinic several times a year to review rules and discuss techniques. Those who want to work at the professional level should have several years of college or minor league experience. Various educational programs feature an overview of the rules and regulations of each sport. Professional umpires and referees teach many of the classes. Sports officials need to understand the sport and all of its rules. They also need good judgment and fairness. Outlook A lot people would like to become umpires and referees. But there are only about 200 to 300 officials who work at the professional level. This number will not change significantly unless a new league is formed or new teams are started. Umpires and referees are almost always needed at the youth, high school, and amateur levels. People who are interested in making a little extra money or simply learning about the field should find plenty of opportunities for work. Exploring • officiate for a Little League team or at a summer camp. • Neighborhood games with your friends can give you a chance to practice being an umpire or referee. • Watch and participate in school or community sports. • Learn all the rules and hand signals for the sports that interest you. Использованная литература Основная литература Баженова Е.А., Гренлунд А.Ю. Английский язык для физкультурных специальностей: учебник для студентов высших учебных заведений. – М.: Издательский центр «Академия», 2007, 2010. – 69 экз. Глембоцкая Я.И. Figure skating. Фигурное катание: лексико-грамматический практикум по английскому языку. – М.: Спорт, 2016. – 1 экз. (элект. ресур. ЭБС «IPRbooks»). Глембоцкая Я.И. Soccer. Футбол: учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов вузов физической культуры, обучающихся по направлению подготовки бакалавров «Физическая культура». М.: Спорт, 2016. – 1 экз. (элект. ресур. ЭБС «IPRbooks»). Дополнительная литература Арбекова Т.И., Власова Н.Н., Макарова Г.А. Я хочу и буду знать английский. – М.: «Черо», 2000. – 1 экз. Васильева Е.А. Думай по-английски. – М.: Проспект, 2016. – 2 экз. Качалова К.Н., Израилевич Е.Е. Практическая грамматика английского языка с упражнениями и ключами. – Элиста: Издательство «Успех», 2002. – 2 экз. Николенко Т.Г. Тесты по грамматике английского языка. – М.: Айрис-пресс, 2007. – 6 экз. Христорождественская Л.П. Английский язык. Практический курс В 2 ч Ч. 1,2. – Мн.: Книжный дом, 2004. – 36 экз. Шевелёва С.А. Английский язык: 101 типичная грамматическая ошибка: учеб. пособие. – М.: Проспект, 2016. – 2 экз. |