Методичка для ФТТ(ТЭ). Учебнометодическое пособие по английскому языку для аудиторных занятий
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Федеральное агентство по образованию Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «УФИМСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ НЕФТЯНОЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ» УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ по английскому языку для аудиторных занятий со студентами трубопроводного факультета специальности ТЭ Уфа 2006 Данное учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов I и II курсов специальности ТЭ. Оно может быть использовано и для внеаудиторной работы, так как в конце пособия есть дополнительные тексты по Атомной энергетики. Целью пособия является подвести студентов к самостоятельному чтению и пониманию оригинальной научно-технической литературы по специальности на английском языке. Наряду с этим, учебный материал будет способствовать развитию навыков устной речи. Руководствуясь поставленной целью тексты подобраны так, что лексика легко поддается активизации. Тексты – познавательного и научно-популярного характера – составлены на основе английских и американских источников. Они доступны для студентов II, III и IV семестров и подобраны с учетом их ограниченного знакомства с техническими дисциплинами и технической терминологией. Составитель Варламова В.Н., ст. преподаватель Рецензент Морозова Н.П., ст. преподаватель © Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет, 2006 UNIT ONE Grammar: The Participle Assignment 1. Remember the following words and word-combinations: current ток to serve служить, обслуживать to construct строить; создавать continuous current постоянный ток numerous многочисленный to contribute делать (вносить) вклад в development развитие application применение to imagine представлять себе vacuum cleaner пылесос refrigerator холодильник to operate действовать, работать device прибор, приспособление operation работа, действие however однако, тем не менее to transform преобразовывать mill завод crane подъемный кран to lift поднимать object предмет, вещь to weigh весить to heat нагревать furnace печь, горн to melt плавить to flow течь to mention упоминать pyrometer пирометр to measure измерять Assignment 2. Practice the pronunciation of the following words: continuous, scientist, foreign, civilization, vacuum, refrigerator, machine, familiar, either … or, bicycle, electricity, laboratory, industry – industrial, mechanical, to weigh, ton, furnace, temperature, to measure. Assignment 3. Translate the words, their derivatives into Russian and learn them. to apply – application – appliance – applicable; electricity – electrical – electrician – electrically; to invent – invention – inventor – inventive – inventiveness; to measure – measure – measurement – measurable; to operate – operation; science – scientist – scientific – scientifically; to serve – service; to transform – transformer – transformation; to weigh – weight – weightless – weightlessness. Assignment 4. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Participle. 1) The student is translating an article on refrigerators. 2) The student has translated an article. 3) The article is translated by the student. 4) The article is being translated by the student. 5) The student translating the article is comrade Novikov. 6) The article translated by the student is difficult. 7) The translated article is devoted to electrical furnaces. 8) Translating the article, the student used a dictionary. 9) Having translated the article, the student gave it to the teacher. 10) Having been asked to translate the article, the student translated it with great interest. 11) The article being translated is about the application of electricity. Assignment 5. Read and translate the text: TEXT 1. ELECTRIC CURRENT SERVES US IN A THOUSAND WAYS The electric current was born in the year 1800 when Volta constructed the first source of continuous current. Since that time numerous scientists and inventors, Russian and foreign, have greatly contributed to its development and practical application. As a result, we cannot imagine modern civilization without the electric current. We can’t imagine how people could do without electric lamps, without vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, washing machines, and other electrically operated devices that are widely used today. In fact, telephones, lifts, electric trams and trains, radio and television have been made possible only owing to the electric current. The student reading this article is certainly familiar with the important part which the electric current plays in everyday life. Prom the moment when he gets up in the morning until he goes to bed at night, he widely uses electric energy. Only when going to the University either on foot or by bicycle, he can do without electricity. In fact, it is well known that electric current is necessary for the operation of trolley-buses, trams, buses and modern trains. During the day the student will also use some electrical devices working in the laboratory, making use of the telephone, the lift, the tram and so on. As for the evening, if he studies or reads by an electric lamp, watches television, goes to the theatre or cinema, he certainly uses electricity. Some people are more familiar with the various applications of the electric current in their everyday life than they are with its numerous industrial applications. However, electric energy finds its most important use in industry. Take, for example, the electric motor transforming electric energy into mechanical energy. It finds wide application at every mill and factory. As for the electric crane, it can easily lift objects weighing hundreds of tons. A good example which is illustrating an important industrial use of the electric current is the electrically heated furnace. Great masses of metal melted in such furnaces flow like water. Speaking of the melted metals, we might mention one more device using electricity, that is the electric pyrometer. The temperature of hot flowing metals can be easily measured owing to the electric pyrometer. These are only some of the various industrial applications of the electric current serving us in a thousand ways. Notes to the text: 1) as a result – в результате 2) to do without – обходиться без чего-либо 3) in fact – фактически, на самом деле 4) owing to – благодаря 5) to be familiar with – знать ч-л.; быть в курсе ч-л. 6) to play a part – играть роль 7) either … or – или … или 8) on foot – пешком 9) to make use of – использовать 10) and so on – и так далее 11) as for – что касается 12) in everyday life – в повседневной жизни Assignment 6. Translate the following sentences. 1) Speaking of the electrically operated devices, one can mention the refrigerator. 2) Only when going to the University either on foot or by bicycle the student can do without electricity. 3) The first source of continuous current constructed by Volta appeared in 1800. 4) As for the electric crane, it can easily lift objects weighing hundreds of tons. 5) A good example which is illustrating an important industrial use of the electric current is the electrically heated furnace. 6) Great masses of metal melted in furnaces flow like water. 7) Speaking of the melted metals, we might mention one more device using electricity, that is the electric pyrometer. 8) The pyrometer used in industry is a device measuring temperature. 9) Being widely used in industry, electrical motors are also used in every home. 10) The problem solved helped to increase the speed of the train. Assignment 7. Translate the following sentences using the Participle. 1) Электрический мотор, преобразующий электрическую энергию в механическую, используется в повседневной жизни. 2) Говоря об электрическом токе, мы можем упомянуть имя Вольта. 3) Электрический пирометр измеряет температуру расплавленных металлов. 4) Работая в лаборатории, студенты также будут пользоваться некоторыми электрическими приборами. 5) Поработав на заводе, мой друг поступил в Университет. 6) Электрические приборы, упомянутые в этой статье, были созданы русскими учеными. 7) Измеряя температуру горячих металлов, студент пользовался пирометром. 8) Измерив температуру металла, мы начали измерять температуру воды. Assignment 8. Answer the following questions: 1) When was the electric current born? 2) Who constructed the first source of continuous current? 3) What electrical devices do you use in your everyday life? 4) Can you do without electricity? In what cases can you do without electricity? 5) What can you say about the most important use of electric energy in industry? 6) What example illustrates an important industrial use of the electric current? 7) What device measures the temperature of hot flowing metals? Assignment 9. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text. 1) In fact, telephones, lifts, electric trams and trains, radio and television have been made possible only owing to the … … . 2) It is well known that electric current is necessary for the … of trolley-buses, trams, buses and modern trains. 3) During the day the student will also use some … … working in the laboratory. 4) Some people are more familiar with the various … of the electric current in their everyday life than they are with its numerous industrial applications. 5) Take, for example, the electric motor … electric energy into … … . 6) A good example which is illustrating an important industrial use of the electric current is the electrically … … . 7) Speaking of the … metals, we might mention one more device using electricity, that is the … … . Assignment 10. Find the wrong statements and correct them in several sentences. 1) It is impossible to measure the temperature of hot flowing metals. 2) The industrial application of the electric current contributes to the technological progress. 3) We use few electrical devices in our everyday life. 4) Modern civilization can do without the electric current. 5) The electric motor operates all electrical devices. Assignment 11. Find the correct answer out of the three given below. What device 1) measures the temperature of hot metals? a) refrigerator, b) pyrometer, c) motor 2) transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy? a) bicycle, b) telephone, c) motor 3) lifts objects weighing hundreds of tons? a) electric crane, b) electric furnace, c) vacuum cleaner 4) lights your room? a) a tram, b) a lift, c) a lamp. Assignment 12. Speak on: 1) The use of the electric current in industry. 2) The use of the electric current in our everyday life. UNIT TWO Grammar: The Absolute Participle Construction Assignment 1. Remember the following words and word-combinations:
Assignment 2. Practice the pronunciation of the following words: scientifically, various, mechanical, chemical, atomic, kind, potential, hydroelectric station, turbine, thus, other, above-mentioned, source, quantity, civilization, industry, industrial, however, decrease. increase, harness, semiconductor. Assignment 3. Translate the words, their derivatives into Russian and learn them. chemistry - chemist - chemical - chemically; to drive -drive - driver; to- employ - employment – employer - employee; to generate - generation - generator; to produce - produce - production - producer; industry - industrial. Assignment 4. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Absolute Participle Construction. 1) An object losing its potential energy, that energy is turned into kinetic energy. 2) Water falling from its raised position, energy is changed from potential into kinetic one. 3) My friend was reading an English article, his brother watching television. 4) Electrical devices find a wide application in every house, a refrigerator being one of them. 5) There being a hydroelectric station at the waterfall, the energy of the falling water is used to drive the turbines. 6) The energy sources of the world decreasing, the scientists must find new sources of energy. 7) There are different sources of energy, the sun being an unlimited source of all forms of energy. 8) Industrial applications of energy increasing, more and more energy is needed every year. Assignment 5. Read and translate the text: TEXT 2. ENERGY Scientifically speaking, energy is the ability to do work. There are various forms of energy, such as: heat, mechanical, electrical, chemical, atomic and so on. One might also mention the two kinds of mechanical energy – potential and kinetic, potential energy being energy of position while kinetic energy is energy of motion. It is well known that one form of energy can be changed into another. Take a waterfall as an example. Water falling from its raised position, energy changes from potential to kinetic. If there is a hydroelectric station at the waterfall, the energy of the falling water is used to drive the turbines. The turbines, driven by the kinetic energy of the running water, turn electric generators, these generators producing electric energy. Thus, the mechanical energy of falling water is turned into electric energy. The electric energy, in its turn, may be transformed into any other necessary form. When an object loses its potential energy, that energy is turned into kinetic energy. Thus, in the above-mentioned example when water is falling from its raised position, it certainly loses its potential energy, that energy changing into kinetic energy. We have already seen that energy of some kind must be employed to generate the electric current. The sources of energy usually employed to produce current are either chemical, as in the battery, or mechanical, as in the electromagnetic generator. Chemical sources of current having a limited application, the great quantities of electric energy generated today come from various forms of mechanical energy. Needless to say that rising standards of modern civilization and growing industrial applications result in an increasing need of energy. Every year we need more and more electric energy for the useful things that are done only owing to electricity. However, the energy sources of the world are decreasing at the same time as the energy needs of the world are increasing. These needs will continue to grow as more motors and melted metals are used in industry and more electric current is employed in our everyday life. As a result, it is necessary to find new sources of energy. The sun is an unlimited source of energy. However, at present, only a little part of solar energy is being used directly. How can we employ solar energy directly to produce useful energy? This is a question which has interested scientists and inventors for a long time. Lavoisier and other great scientists of the past melted metals with the help of solar furnaces. Today, solar furnaces illustrate just one of the numerous ways to harness the sun. Using semiconductors, scientists, for example, have transformed solar energy into electric energy. |