УМК англ для 1 курсов медиков. УМК англ 1 курс. Учебнометодическое пособие по английскому языку для студентов первого курса
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Read and translate the text. What is discrimination? Discrimination is treating a person or group of people less fairly than other people because you don’t like the colour of their skin, or because of their gender or their age. For example, some employers in some countries don’t like to employ people who are over a certain age. This is age discrimination. Other types of discrimination include: sexism – where you are treated differently or unfairly because of your gender; racism – because of your nationality or skin colour or discrimination because of a disability. You can fight discrimination firstly by not having preconceived ideas of certain groups of people based on their skin colour or their nationality yourself and also by standing up for people’s rights by reporting cases of discrimination to the militia, your parents, your teachers. The most important thing is to never give up and keep on fighting! 3.2.4. TEST: Are You a good conversationalist?- Хороший ли Вы собеседник? Answers: “Yes”- 0 “No”- 1 I can only talk to people who I consider pleasant. I can keep up the conversation only when its theme is interesting to me. I’d rather speak to someone else than listen. I don’t care whether I am listened to. I like to argue. I don’t care what my listener thinks of me. I keep on my insisting on my view even if I am wrong. It is not important to me whether the theme of the conversation is interesting to my listener or not. I can never imagine myself in my listener’s place. If the conversation is not interesting to me, I can interrupt my partner. I can easily break into any conversation. Words: Considerpleasant- считатьприятным Keepup- поддерживать Idon’tcare- мневсёравно (безразлично) Insist- настаивать Imagine- представлять Interrupt- прерывать разговор Breakinto- вмешиваться в разговор Totry- стараться Check up your score: “11-8”- you are a very good conversationalist, you always respect your listener, people like to talk to you. “7-5” – you listen to people only when the topic is interesting to you. Try to find out other people’s interests, and you might make more people. “Less than 5”- you prefer to talk yourself rather than listening to other people. Keep in mind that if you are a good listener you can make more friends. 3.3. Человек, здоровье, спорт. Today we are going to discuss the most important problem of our life - our health. Why is this problem the most important nowadays? What’s your opinion? There are a lot of different diseases;Unfortunately, about 80% of pupils living school have health problems. 3.3.1. Choosing of the motto. People of different nations have proverbs about health which underline the importance of health. Let’s remember some of them: Early to bed early to rise Makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. An apple a day keeps a doctor away. You are what you eat. Eat to live, not live to eat. Teacher: What proverb can we choose as a motto of our lesson? (Студентывыбираютдевизурока.) Teacher: Our health depends on different things. What are they?They are: our habits, the food we eat, physical activity. 3.3.2. Speech drills. . Bad habits. Good habits. Teacher :Let’s begin with our habits. Read and name what bad or good. eating lots of sweets,Eating healthy food, playing sport.eating between meals,snacking, skipping breakfast, sleeping too much or too little, - smoking, taking drugs, eating between meals, physical activity,sleeping 7-8 hours, doing morning exercising 3.3.3. read the text, then find and write in groups “Eating rules”(e.g. don’t eat between meals, eat whole meal bread instead of white) Unknown words. Translate. Balanced diet Contain Carbohydrates Pasta Stomach Vitamins Minerals Text. In order to stay healthy it is important to have a balanced diet – in other words, food that contains something from each of the three main groups of food. These groups are protein, fat, and carbohydrates. You find protein in lots of food, for example meat, fish, nuts, cheese and milk. It helps your body to grow and to be healthy and it gives you energy. Fat gives you energy but don’t eat a lot – it’s bad for you. There are a lot of fatty foods that come from animals, for example milk, cheese, butter and meat. Carbohydrates give you more than 70% of your energy. Bread, pasta, cereals, fruits, and vegetables such as potatoes and cabbage all contain lots of carbohydrates. Fruits, vegetables, beans and nuts, brown bread all have fiber. It doesn’t give you energy but it fills your stomach when you are hungry. There are many different vitamins and minerals. They help our body be healthy. You can get all your vitamins and minerals from fresh fruit and vegetables. Чтение и перевод текста. Myfavouritefood. Healthy eating All food is made up of nutrients which our bodies use. There are different kinds of nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats» vitamins and minerals. Different foods contain different nutrients. First of all I do not eat animal meat at all. I prefer fish and other sea products. So in the morning I usually have some cottage cheese with kefir, then I have tea with two butter roads. At dinner I have vegetable soup, a salad and fried fish. I do not have desserts, but only tea with lemon and sugar. For supper I have just a salad and then I eat fruit. For some food is a source of pleasure, for others - a source of energy. For me food – is a pleasant source of energy. I think that pleasant food is healthy food. To my mind healthy food should be quite simple. I eat complicated dishes only in restaurants. My daily meals consist of the same dishes every day. The best way is to get into the habit of checking the ingredients and nutritional value on the sides of packets although this isn't always easy to do. Another thing to know is, for example, that we do need fat to live, it's an essential part of our diet and physically we couldn't exist without it. The food we eat depends on lots of things. Taste is a big factor. Culture, religion and health also play a part in what food we eat. Advertising and social factors also have a big influence. So I love all kinds of milk products, especially kefir, cheese. I prefer cheeses from Russia and Germany. I like different kinds of salads, dressed with olive oil or sour cream. I also love all kinds of potato dishes. I usually drink down food with natural juices or kvass. Well, of course, on weekends I want to try a new dish. If I have free time, I try to invent a new salad or find an interesting recipe. On weekends I let myself have good red dry wine. Well, many doctors say that red wine in reasonable quantities is very good for health. I do not buy in shops ready or semi-manufactured food products, because this is unhealthy. It is better to spend some time cooking, than to have problems with overweight and heart. Income is also an important factor. That is why not surprisingly, money, rather than a lack of knowledge about how to eat well, is at the heart of the problem. Finally, there are three main messages to follow for healthy eating: First, we should eat less fat, particularly saturated fat. Secondly, we are to cut down on sugar and salt. Thirdly, we must eat more fresh fruit and vegetables Also I prefer to have tea with bitter chocolate or home-made jams. As I do not change my daily dishes, I very seldom have stomach problems. Actually I think that the simpler food is, the better is its taste. 3.3.4. Речевая деятельность по теме: SportinOurLife. Спорт Sport альпинизм mountaineering, (mountain-)climbing атлетика athletics баскетбол basketball бокс boxing болельщик fan, supporter бубновый валет jack of diamonds выигрывать/выиграть towin гимнастика gymnastics гольф golf забивать/забить гол toscoreagoal игра game играть в карты toplaycards играть в футбол to play football; am. to play soccer играть в шахматы toplaychess катание на коньках (ice-)skating катание на лыжах skiing катание на роликах roller-skating колода pack/deck (of cards) команда team кроссворд crossword мяч ball настольный теннис table-tennis ничья draw, tie парусный спорт sailing пиковый туз ace of spades плавание swimming проигрывать/проиграть to lose, to be defeated ракетка racket/racquet, bat соревнование competition, contest, tournament теннис tennis трефовый король king of clubs футбол football; am. soccer футбольный матч football match; am. soccer match червонная дама queen of hearts шахматы chess 3.3.5. iRead and translate the text. Do the tasks. People all over the world are fond of sports and games. Sport makes people healthy, keeps them fit, more organized and better disciplined. It unites people of different classes and nationalities. Many people do sports on their personal initiative. They go in for skiing, skating, table tennis, swimming, volleyball, football, bodybuilding, etc. All necessary facilities are provided for them: stadiums, sport grounds, swimming pools, skating rinks, skiing stations, football fields. Sport is paid much attention to in our educational establishments. Gymnastics is a part of children's daily activity in the kindergartens. Physical culture is a compulsory subject at schools and colleges. Professional sport is also paid much attention to in our republic. There are different sporting societies clubs and complexes. The most famous of them are the Olympic complexes "Luzhniki", "Dynamo" stadium, etc. They are used for international and world competitions. Practically all kinds of sports are popular in our republic but football; gymnastics and tennis enjoy the greatest popularity. As for me, I go in for swimming. It needs mobility, liveliness and much energy. It keeps a person in a good form. I have been swimming for a 5 years. I get a real joy taking part in competitions or a simply swimming with my friends. Certainly, it`s a great distance between my manner of swimming and such favorites as Popov, but I do my training with great pleasure and hope to swim well as our best swimmers do. Answer the questions: What role does sport play in our life? Why do people choose to go in for sport? What kinds of sport do you know? Where can we go in for sport? How can children go in for sport? What can you say about sport in Bashkortostan? What is your favourite sport? Find the words in the text. Здоровье, быть в форме, уделять внимание, гимнастика, обязательный предмет, физкультура, соревнования, энергия, спортивный клуб, спортивный комплекс, с удовольствием, деятельность, образовательные учреждения, принимать участие, популярность. 3.3.6. I want you to listen to my stories. I will describe different sport games. You have to match the name of the game with the text. On the blackboard: Football Baseball Basketball Cricket Chess Softball It is a game of two players. Each of then starts with sixteen different playing pieces to move on the board. The aim is to move your pieces so that your opponent’s king will be taken. This game is played on a court with a large orange ball. There are five players in each team. Two teams try to score goals by throwing a ball through a net fixed to a metal ring at each end of court. The players bounce the ball while running, and pass it to each other. The team with the most points wins. This game is very similar to baseball, but is played with a large ball. It is a popular sport among American women and co-ed (combined men and women) teams. ( It is a game between two teams and is played on a field with a bat and a small white ball. Each team consists of nine players. The teams take turns playing in the field and batting the ball. The game has nine innings. It is a game played between two teams of eleven players. Players kick a ball around a field trying to score a goal. The team with the most points wins. This game is very popular in Russia and all over the world. It is sometimes called an English national game. It is known that people played it in England as early as 1550. It is a very long game. International matches last for 5 days. This game is not played only by men; girls and women play it too. 4. Город, деревня, инфраструктура. Speak about advantages and disadvantages of living in a big city, in a small town and in the country. 3.4.1. Read the text, translate and complete the table. The city is the place where all industrial cultural and educational centers are situated. In big cities you can find museums, theaters, clubs, cinemas, big shops and hospitals, comfortable modern flats. People try to live in cities because all necessary objects are situated near by. For example if you get ill a hospital or a chemist’s shop will be situated near your home in the city, and if you live in the country it will be hard to find any medical help very quickly . Also in big cites you can fiend all sorts of entertainment such as cinemas clubs entertaining parks and so on. Many people like to spend their free time in them because it helps them to relax and bring them a lot of pleasure. It is really convenient that everything you need in daily life is situated near you. One of the most important comforts of big cites is that you can fast get everywhere you like by underground, bus, trolley bas. Also in big cities there is electricity therefore you can use electrical devices such as TV sets, computers, radio and so on. One more thing, without which it would be impossible to live today, is the telephone and where there is a telephone there is also Internet. The connection has huge value in the life of people and we have got used to it to such extent, that it there is no telephone we feel uncomfortable and lonely. Yes , it is really comfortable, and at first glance everything is good but nowadays big cites there are a great amount of cars and factories Big cites suffer of over population, dirty air, and water, The streets became noisy and after hard working day people cannot relax. People try to do everything to go to the countryside because only there they can find quietness. Every holiday and every week-end people try to leave their houses and go to the country. Many people prefer to live in a big city because A lot of big shops are situated near theirhouses, but they also like to spend holidays in the country because after living in the city for about 9 months people begin to get tired.
3.4.2. Read the text. Do the tasks. Kumertau I live in Kumertau. It was founded in 1953. It is a very beautiful town. It is situated in Bashkortostan republic. There is a river The Agidel near our town. Kumertau is a historical, cultural and health center. The places of interest are: Lenin square, the monuments to Lenin, Lomonosov, Mazhit Gafuri, the monument to the helicopter KA – 26 has an interesting history, the wonderful Park named Gagarin and some other places. There are many cultural places in our town: the cinema “Gornyak” the cultural center “Dusluk”, libraries, the park of culture and rest and the monuments of old architecture. In our town as in many other towns there is a church and the mosque which are very beautiful. The center of the trade is the Central Market. There are many shops and stalls there. Our town is a health center. It has sanatorium, hospitals, physical-culture centers and others. Many guests visit our town. There are 3 institutes in our town. There are also many technical and secondary schools. I like my town very much because it's my native town. Answer the questions: When Kumertau was founded? Where is it situated? What are there cultural centers? Do you like your town? True or False. Kumertau was founded in 1953. There are 5 institutes in it. There are no cultural places here. The trade’s center is The Market. There is a church and mosque there. There is no river near Kumertau. |