УМК англ для 1 курсов медиков. УМК англ 1 курс. Учебнометодическое пособие по английскому языку для студентов первого курса
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Научно- технический прогресс. Компьютер. Great Inventions 3.6.1. Read the texts, translate them. Television (1920s) The invention that swept the world and changed leisure habits for countless millions was pioneered by Scottish-born electrical engineer John Logie Baird. It had been realised for some time that light could be converted into electrical impulses, making it possible to transmit such impulses over a distance and then reconvert them into light. Motor Car (late 19th Century) With television, the car is probably the most widely used and most useful of all leisure-inspired inventions. German engineer Karl Benz produced the first petroldriven car in 1885 and the British motor industry started in 1896. Henry Ford was the first to use assembly line production for his Model Т car in 1908. Like them or hate them, cars have given people great freedom of travel. Electricity The name came from the Greek word for amber and was coined by Elizabeth I's physician William Gilbert who was among those who noticed that amber had the power to attract light objects after being rubbed. In the 19th century such great names as Michael Faraday, Humphry Davy, Alessandro Volta and Andre Marie Ampere all did vital work on electricity. Photography (early 19th Century) Leonardo da Vinci had described the camera obscura photographic principle as early as 1515. But it was not until 1835 that Frenchman Louis Daguerre produced camera photography. The system was gradually refined over the years, to the joy of happy snappers and the despair of those who had to wade through friends' endless holiday pictures. Telephone (1876) Edinburgh-born scientist Alexander Graham Bell patented his invention of the telephone in 1876. The following year, the great American inventor Thomas Edison produced the first working telephone. With telephones soon becoming rapidly available, the days of letter-writing became numbered. Computer (20th Century) The computer has been another life-transforming invention. British mathematician Charles Babbage designed a form of computer in the mid-1830s, but it was not until more than a century later that theory was put into practice. Now, a whole generation has grown up with calculators, windows, icons, computer games and word processors, and the Internet and e-mail have transformed communication and information. Aero plane The plane was the invention that helped shrink the world and brought distant lands within easy reach of ordinary people. The invention of the petrol engine made flight feasible and the American Wright brothers made the first flight in 1903. 3.6.2. Computer Revolution 50 years ago people didn't even heard of computers, and today we cannot imagine life without them. Computer technology is the fastest-growing industry in the world. The first computer was the size of a minibus and weighed a ton. Today, its job can be done by a chip the size of a pin head. And the revolution is still going on. Very soon we'll have computers that we'll wear on our wrists or even in our glasses and earrings. The next generation of computers will be able to talk and even think for themselves. They will contain electronic "neural networks". Of course, they'll be still a lot simpler than human brains, but it will be a great step forward. Such computers will help to diagnose illnesses, find minerals, identify criminals and control space travel. Some people say that computers are dangerous, but I don't agree with them. They save a lot of time. They seldom make mistakes. It's much faster and easier to surf the Internet than to go to the library. On-line shopping makes it possible to find exactly what you want at the best price, saving both time and money. E-mail is a great invention, too. It's faster than sending a letter and cheaper than sending a telegram. All in all, I strongly believe that computers are a useful tool. They have changed our life for the better. So why shouldn't we make them work to our advantage? 3.6.3. "Computer is my friend, but not the best". Nowadays we live in information era, when information is the key and engine of progress. Future is speed and power. Our society needs to develop means of information. The Internet, phones, telegraph, cell phones, radio, TV are all the means of communication. They are no longer symbols of prestige but tools, which let to use working time more effectively. 60 years ago people didn't even heard of computers, and today we can't imagine our life without them. Let's remember some facts from the history of computer development. The first computer was made in 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania. It was Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer or ENIAC. Its program was wired into the processor and had to be manually altered. The first computer was the size of a minibus and weighed a ton. Today its job can be done by a chip the size of a pin head. And the computer revolution is still going on. The next generation of computers will be able to talk and even think for themselves. They will contain electronic "neutral networks". Of course, they will be still a lot simpler than human brains, but it will be a great step forward. Such computers will help to diagnose illnesses, find minerals, identify criminals and control space travel. Nowadays, practically everyone has a computer at home. Computers play a very important role in our life. They are used by people of all ages: from teens to professional businessmen. We can't imagine our modern school without using a computer. We can make projects, slide-shows and even films at our lessons with the help of computes. Pupils can use computes to prepare reports, to find information they need, to write compositions, to find new friends with the help of the Internet. The computer is also used as an electronic vocabulary. It is made for people who have no time to look up translations or explanation of words in the dictionary. I think computers were invented as machines for business people not to waste their time. They save a lot of time. They seldom make mistakes. It's much faster and easier to surf the Internet than to go to the library. On-line shopping makes it possible to find exactly what you want at the best price, saving both time and money. E-mail is a great invention, too. It's faster than sending a letter and cheaper than sending a telegram. And now I want to tell some words about the Internet. To my mind, it's the greatest invention of humanity. The Internet is a global computer network. Nowadays million of people are already its active users. The history of Internet began in the United States in 1969. It was a military experiment, designed to help to survive during a nuclear war to get some information to anywhere. Public Internet began in the late 70's. Today the Internet is very popular all over the world. A global Net has covered almost the whole planet. It has filled lives of people with joy. Firstly, because of the easiest way of getting information about every part of men's occupation. Secondly, it is indispensable for people who communicate frequently with their relatives and friends from others counties. And also the Internet helps to make friends all over the world. You can virtually visit different countries, cities, museums. You can play games and take part in conferences together with people from different countries. The Internet can completely replace such communication facilities as telephony and mail. But the Internet carries not only "pluses: There are some negative sides of the Web. First of all, it is connected with the health: The vision may decline, different measles of the back or joints may appear. Some people may become nervous; lose their contacts with people surrounding them. They lose their conception of real life. Hackers arouse lots of troubles: the Internet hooligans are interfering in lots of programs, breaking computers, dilating viruses, breaking open even federal governmental sites. The Internet and virtual reality on the whole will never be able to replace real relationships between people, to become a big part of people's life. Many friends tell me that computer is their best friend. I can't understand how a nothing-feeling machine can be somebody's friend. As for me I enjoy reading books. I think by reading books we learn to think and to feel, we make our speech more eloquent. I get pleasure in speaking to my friends, listening to what they say, looking into their eyes, following their impressions and feelings. In conclusion, I'd like to say that computes and the Internet are splendid medium if getting information and communication but nobody and nothing is able to replace our devoted friends, family and other vital values. 3.6.4.Заданияктексту "Computer is my friend, but not the best". Task 1. Answer the questions. What are the means of communication you read in this text? What is the era we live? What is the key and engine of progress nowadays? .When was the first computer made? What was its name? How can pupils, students, and teachers use computer in their studying? What is on-line shopping? What is the Internet? When did the history of Internet begin? How does the Internet help people to communicate? What are health troubles connected with the Internet? Can the computer the best friend? Why do you think so? Task 2. Read the statements. Write they are TRUE or FALSE. The first computer was very little. The computer is the best friend of all people. There is no better friend than computer. The Internet is indispensable for people who communicate frequently with their relatives and friends from others countries. The computer saves a lot of time. Public Internet began in the late 60's. The computers are used by only children, students and youth . Internet carries has only "pluses”: There are no negative sides of the Web. It's much faster and easier to surf the Internet than to go to the library. We can imagine our modern school without using a computer. Nobody and nothing is able to replace our devoted friends, family and other vital values. Task 3. Complete the sentences according to the text. Our society needs to …………... The Internet can completely replace such communication facilities as …………. . The Internet has covered ……………………. Nowadays ………………………….. are already its active users. Computers and the Internet are splendid ……………. Task 4. Find these words in the text. человечество, готовить доклад, делать ошибки, диагностировать болезни, выжить, объяснение, словарь, в ручную, инструменты, экономить, тратить время впустую, представление, болезнь спины и суставов, красноречивый, необходимый, государственные сайты, бесчувственная машина, вирусы, вмешиваться, искать в интернете, пользователи, ядерная война. Task 5. Write the advantages (преимущества) and disadvantages (недостатки) of the computer and the Internet.
3.7. Повседневная жизнь. Рабочий день студента. I. Words and word combinations to be remembered: to get (got, got) up - вставать to wake (woke, woken) up - просыпаться, будить an alarm clock - будильник to do (did, done) morning exercises - делать зарядку to make (made, made) the bed - заправлять постель to shave - бриться to clean one’s teeth - чистить зубы towash - мыть(ся), умывать(ся to take (took, taken) a warm (cold) - принимать теплый shower (холодный) душ to dry oneself - вытираться to comb one’s hair - причесываться to be ready for … , - быть готовым к … , to get (got, got)ready for - готовиться to be in a hurry - спешить, торопиться to be late for classes - опаздывать на занятия to leave (left, left) for the - уходить в универ- University cитет to get (got, got) to the University - добираться до уни- bybus (trolley-bus, tram) верситета автобусом (троллейбусом, трамваем) it goes without saying - само собой разумеется a credit test book - зачетная книжка to be sorry - сожалеть I wish you luck - желаю удачи seeyousoon - до скорой встречи ahead of time - заранее to advise - советовать to turn up - внезапно появиться this and that - о том, о сем a boring day - скучный день to be right, to be wrong - быть правым, быть неправым to give (gave, given) a lift - подвезти that’s settled - решено to be through with - быть готовым к чему-либо nevermind - не беспокойся, ничего II. Read, translate and retell the text: Mike is a student. He studies at the Aviation Technical College. He is in the first year of the full-time department; he goes to the College every day except Sunday. It takes much effort to study at the College and he tries to keep regular hours. Mike’s classes begin at 8.00. He lives far from the College, so he must get up very early. The alarm clock wakes him up at 6.30 a.m. Sometimes he turns off the alarm and lies in bed until his mother wakes him up again. While his mother wakes him up she is repeating the words: «An early riser is sure to be in luck». He jumps out of bed, opens the window, does his morning exercises to the music, makes the bed and goes to the bathroom. In the bathroom he shaves, cleans his teeth and washes his face and hands. Sometimes he takes a cold or a warm shower. Then he dries himself on a towel and combs his hair in front of the mirror. Then he goes back to his room and dresses. In some minutes he is ready for breakfast. He usually has a cup of tea or coffee and a sandwich or two. Mike is always in a hurry because he doesn’t want to be late for classes. At 7.30 he leaves home for the College. He usually gets to the College by bus. The bus stop is only a few minutes walk from Nick’s house. It takes him about half an hour to get to the College. So, he comes to the College some minutes before the bell rings. He has enough time to get everything ready for his classes. His days are not like each other because he has a different timetable every day. As a rule he has 2 or 3 lectures and a seminar or a lab. Sometimes there is a gap of 2 hours that comes in between lectures or practical classes and it’s not convenient for both students and teachers. Mike does his best not to miss classes because he knows that missing classes is a sure way to fail at exams. At 11.10 o’clock he has a break for lunch. Mike goes to the canteen. After the break classes go on. They are usually over at about 3 or 4 o’clock. After classes Mike usually goes home. After a day of hard work Mike feels very tired and he hurries home. At home he has dinner and a short rest, then he does his homework and helps his mother about the house. In the evening Mike watches a serial or a detective story on TV. Sometimes he goes out with his friends. Mike goes in for sports. Twice a week he plays volleyball in the College gym. He returns home at 8 p.m. and has supper. When he stays at home in the evening he has supper with his parents. At supper they talk about different sort of things, including plans for the coming day. At about 12 o’clock Mike goes to bed. You see, Mike is too busy and he always looks forward to the weekend. III. Read, translate and reproduce the dialogues: Dialogue 1. - I got up at 6.30 a.m. And you? - I got up at 8 a.m. - Why so late? - Because I have my classes later than usual. Dialogue 2. - Will you help me, please? - I would if I could. I’ve got a lot of work to do. - What are you busy with? - I have got to read and to translate two texts from English into Russian. - How much time does it take you to do this? - It’s hard to say. I’ll be busy till the end of the working day. - What time will you be free? - At about 6 p.m. - May I give you a lift? - It will be very kind of you. - That’s settled. See you soon. - Good bye. - Good bye. Dialogue 3. Victor. – Are you through with your homework? Nick. – Oh, no Victor. I have so many things to do for Monday. Victor. – But look at you watch. It’s a quarter to twelve. It’s time to go to bed. Nick. – Never mind. Tomorrow is Sunday. It’s our day-off. Dialogue 4. - Hello, Nick! Did you have a good day? - Not bad! The usual sort of thing. Practical classes, lectures. You know. - Did you try to take your English exam ahead of time? - Well, I did. But the teacher advised me to get ready for English better. - I see. - After classes I went to the reading-room. It took me an hour to make an abstract of the paper recommended by our teacher of physics. And then Kate turned up. As usual. - So, what did you do? - We had a long talk. - Oh, yes. What about? - Oh, this and that. Things. You know. Then we had a lunch. - Where did you go? Somewhere nice? - No, just the cafe round the corner. Then I returned to the University and stayed at the reading-room till 17 (5 p.m.) - Sounds like a boring day. - I don’t think so. There is a very good proverb: «Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.» I think you are right. Dialogue 5. - Pete, you look so tired. You don’t feel well, do you? - It’s not that. I am really tired. I am going to take my last exam. It’s English. - Then you have a lot of work to do! - Sure. I’ve got a small cassette-player and I listen to different texts and dialogues. I read and translate special texts and retell them. I also pay much attention to topics. - Excuse my curiosity, what mark would you like to have in English? - You’d better ask me what mark I don’t want to have. - I know you have been fond of English since your childhood. - It goes without saying that English is my favourite subject and I don’t want to have «sat» in my credit test book. - How long does your working day last now? - From morning till late at night. - If you go to bed very late, I think it’s very difficult for you to get up early. - I’m not an early riser, so I get up at 8. I am sorry I must be going. Time presses. - Good-buy. But don’t forget to have a short rest after hard work. I wish you luck. - Thank you. See you soon. |