УМК англ для 1 курсов медиков. УМК англ 1 курс. Учебнометодическое пособие по английскому языку для студентов первого курса
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Complete the sentences. The river is ……… The Aviation Plant produces……… The center of the trade is ………….. There are the monuments to …………. in the square of the town. The name of the Park of the culture and rest is…………….. Find these words in the text. Расположен, основан, родной город, центр здоровья, вертолет, парк культуры и отдыха, церковь и мечеть, старая архитектура, институт, техникум, культурный центр, библиотеки, культурные места, центр торговли. Просмотр компьютерной презентации «Памятники города Кумертау». Обсуждение. 3.5. Природа и человек.Погода. Окружающая среда. Описание погоды Describing the Weather лёгкий ветерок, бриз breeze продуваемый ветром breezy яркий; блестящий bright светлый, ясный; безоблачный clear облако; туча; cloud облачный cloudy влажный, сырой damp мелкий дождь drizzle моросящий drizzly сухой dry пасмурный, хмурый dull туман fog туманный foggy градина hailstone молния lightning дождь rain дождевая капля raindrop осадки rainfall дождливый rainy ливень shower дождливый, проливной showery снег snow снегопад snowfall снежинка snowflake снежный snowy буря, гроза, ураган, шторм storm штормовой stormy солнце sun солнечный sunny солнечный свет sunshine гром thunder мокрый, влажный wet ветер wind ветренный windy Температура The Temperature холодный; прохладный chilly холод cold замораживающий freezing жаркий hot мягкий, тихий mild палящий, жаркий, знойный scorching тёплый warm Глаголы Verbs светиться, сверкать glow замерзать, обледеневать freeze идти (о граде) hail лить (о дожде) pour (with ran) идти, литься (о дожде) rain светить, сиять, озарять shine снег; идти (о снеге) snow Weather The naughtiest thing in the world is the weather. It's like a capricious woman who always does the opposite to what you ask her. When you want to go for a picnic in the open air you ask the skies to remain clear and the day to be fine. Nervously you switch on the radio and listen to the weather forecast. You tremble with joy to hear that it'll stay warm and dry with bright sunshine, and moderate breeze. Your imagination draws a hot summer afternoon and yourself saying: “Nice weather we are having today!” You take a lot of food and no warm clothes, go to the countryside but... do not get anything sunny. You get it cloudy and cool with intermittent drizzle, which ends with a thundery shower. The sky is so heavily cast with clouds, the downpours follow one another with such frequency, the rumbling of thunder and flashes of lightning are so frightening that you've got no illusions left. You throw away the food and go back hungry and angry. And when you are already approaching your home soaked to the skin it suddenly brightens up. Oh, Goodness! Each summer, every student survives through the best time of his or her life - an examination session. Then many students plead: “Please, weather, stay cloudy, chilly or even cold with brisk northerly wind and rain torrents leaving pools and puddles everywhere, especially on the playground. And I'll be a good student.” The radio promises: “'Patchy light drizzle with showery outbreaks of rain.” But the “patch” is never in the right place. Instead the skies send heat and excellent weather for a sun tan. Everyone knows that sun tan never helps at exams. And it is always like this. When you go skiing and want to have frosty weather with a lot of snow, it starts thawing and your skis sink in the slash. Instead of a snowfall and hoarfrost on the trees you get excellent sleet. The weather does not feel any pangs of remorse. When you go in the car to the country, enjoying nice weather and a beautiful view of a rainbow in the blue sky, you pay no attention to some haze on the horizon. Some time later a thin mist in the distance turns into a thick fog and you spend a lovely two hours instead of one at the steering wheel. When you plant some much-cared-for flowers in the garden, either a ground frost or a hail storm kills them. Digging muddy flowerbeds one feels exasperated: “What beastly weather we've had this week! And it keeps nasty! Wretched!” To tell the truth, sometimes the weather is ashamed and turns for the better. But not always. More often it sticks to its own pattern and after a short warm spell turns bad again. Why is it always like this? Maybe, because the weather likes surprises and wants to bring in adventures to our life, breaking the boring routine with marvellous happenings? Words and word combinations to be remembered to be awake - проснуться bud - почка toblossom - цвести, расцветать todig - копать, рыть todrizzle - моросить tofade - вянуть, увядать forget-me-not - незабудка harvest - уборка урожая lily of the valley - ландыш piercing - пронизывающий toripen - зреть, созревать ripe - спелый, зрелый tosow - сеять snowdrop - подснежник shower - ливень violet - фиалка to yield - уступать Conversational Formulas I am chilled to the bone. – Я продрог до костей. I am drenched through. – Я вымок до нитки. I am freezing. – Мне холодно. I feel hot. – Мне жарко. It’spouring. – Льет как из ведра. Theweatherisfine (warm, dry, cool, nasty, windy). – Погода прекрасная (теплая, сухая, прохладная, ненастная, ветреная) The weather keeps nice. – Стоит хорошая погода. Read, translate and retell the text: Seasons March, April and May are spring months. Spring has come, and everything is awakening from its winter sleep. The fields and meadows are dressed in green. There are buds on the trees, and the wild flowers once more begin to peep forth. The white snowdrop is one of the first flowers of spring. How lovely it is! Then forget-me-nots, lilies of the valley and violets make their appearance. Birds sing their songs among the trees and begin to get their nests ready for summer. The gardeners dig the ground and sow seeds in the gardens. The days are warmer, for the bright sunshine has come again. Everything is full of life and joy. Soon the soft spring showers will water the earth and make the seeds grow. In June summer sets in. June, July and August are summer months. June is one of the most pleasant months of the year. The days are the longest, as the sun rises early and sets late in the evening. The trees are in leaf, roses begin to blossom and their sweet perfume fills the air. Then July begins. It is the warmest month of the year. Summer is in full beauty. The sky is blue. The sun is bright and hot. Sometimes dark clouds gather in the sky. How fast they move along. See, they have hidden the sun. There is no blue sky at all. It is all black with clouds. It is dark like night. It will rain soon. Now the rain begins. What large drops! Now the rain is over. It was only a shower. The flowers smell sweet, the sun shines brightly, and the birds sing. The hot sun ripens corn and fruit. Everything is ready for the harvest. In September summer yields to autumn. The days become shorter and the nights longer. Apples, pears, plums and nuts are now ripe and may be picked. The grain crops have ripened and harvest time begins. Most birds go away to warmer countries. The green leaves are fading. They begin to fall off. Some have fallen off from the trees and are lying dead on the ground. The leaves are no longer green, they ate red, yellow and brown. People go to the forests to pick nuts and berries or to gather mushrooms. It often rains. The rain doesn't stop, it is drizzling. The weather is nasty, a piercing wind is blowing. It is more pleasant to stay indoors. It is bitterly cold at times. It is muddy, there are many pools of rainwater in the streets. Sometimes it is foggy, and the fog is very thick. Winter has come at last. There are no flowers now in the gardens and the leaves have gone from the trees. The snow lies thick upon the ground, and the birds hop about looking in vain for food. Snowflakes are falling thick and fast. Snow lies on the ground, on the bare branches of the trees, on the roofs of the houses. All the rivers and lakes are frozen; everything around looks so beautiful covered with ice and snow. Children make snowmen and build snow-huts, play snowballs throwing them at one another. When the weather is fine children and grown-ups go skiing and skating or sliding down the snow covered hills. Weather Forecast Read the weather forecast and compose a forecast of your own for the region you live in. Weather: England and Wales will start cloudy with outbreaks of rain. However, brighter, showery weather already over Scotland and Northern Ireland will slowly spread South and East throughout the day. The showers will be heaviest and most frequent in the North, falling as sleet or snow over hills and mountains, with drifting occurring in places. It will feel cold in the blustery and strong westerly wind. Outlook: Sunny intervals and showers are expected. Feeling colder than of late in the north-westerly wind. (“Daily Express”) The global warming - Глобальное потепление Nowadays we are living in the time of rapid scientific and technological progress, which results in an increasing effect on the biosphere (1) of Earth. I consider that the most destructive problem of nature is global warning. This phenomenon (2) causes the increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s near-surface air and oceans in recent decades. Today the issue of global warming has become a question of vital (3) concern. The global average air temperature near the Earth’s surface raised 0.742C during the 100 years ending in 2005. Moreover, the global warming is a terrific climate change, which will cause the global cooling in future. Increasing global temperature will increase the intensity of extreme weather events and change the amount of precipitation. However, not all of the reasons that cause global warming are of human nature. Natural phenomena such as solar variation combined with volcanoes (4) probably had a small warming effect. The Earth’s climate changes in response to variations in its orbit around the Sun, volcanic eruptions (5), and atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. People are responsible for the latter and have to take serious measures as increasing global temperature will cause the level of world ocean to rise. Other effects of global warming include the changes in agricultural yields, species extinctions (6) of flora and fauna and increases in the range of disease vectors. Global warming could also affect human health, harm wildlife and damage ecosystems. Warming may enhance air pollution, particularly in urban (7) centres, increasing the incidence of respiratory diseases. Asthma and allergic disorders result from climate changes too. Health risks can be solved through various scientific strategies (8) which may include improved and extended medical care services, better housing and air conditioning, water purification (9) and public education. Most national governments have signed the Kyoto Protocol aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, I don’t think that is enough to lessen the negative influence of global warming. The next way out would be to stop using fuel and start exploiting alternative natural resources like water, solar and wind power that may provide us with the necessary amount of energy. We all have to remember that this planet is our home. It gives us so many resources to live on so we have to take care of it as well. Vocabulary 1. biosphere ['baɪəsfɪə] - биосфера 2. phenomenon [fɪ'nɔmɪnən] - явление, феномен 3. vital ['vaɪt(ə)l] - существенной, жизненно важный 4. volcano [vɔl'keɪnəu] - вулкан 5. eruption [ɪ'rʌpʃ(ə)n] - извержение 6. extinction [ɪk'stɪŋkʃ(ə)n] - вымирание 7. urban ['ɜːb(ə)n] - городской . 8. strategy ['strætəʤɪ] - план, стратегия, разработки 9. purification [ˌpjuərɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] - очистка Questions 1. What is the most destructive problem of nature? 2. What does this phenomenon cause? 3. Why has the issue of global warming become a question of vital concern? 4. What reasons cause global warming? 5. What may warming enhance? Natural catastrophes - Природные катастрофы We, humans, now dominate the Earth — and our planet is in grave danger of suffering from our activities. But from time to time the Earth threatens us, warns of the danger of killing the planet and ourselves. We have to be very careful what we do with nature, provoking to some extent natural disasters like drought, sandstorm and famine in Africa, flood in Netherlands, hurricanes in the USA, volcanoes and earthquakes in Turkey, Japan, Mexico, Italy, Armenia, typhoons and tidal waves, landslide and fire. Natural disasters make big problems and people all over the world come to help the regions where the catastrophe has happened. Different countries send to the area of the natural disaster food and medical supplies, as well as doctors, nurses, blankets, tents and clothes. Natural catastrophes, being great tragedies, teach us to be merciful to the other people and to our planet — the Earth. Vocabulary 1. dominate - властвовать 2. threaten - угрожать 3. warn - предупреждать 4. disaster - катастрофа 5. drought [draut] - засуха 6. famine ['fæmɪn] - голод 7. earthquake - землетрясение Questions 1. Why is our planet in grave danger? 2. Are we careful with nature? 3. What nature disasters do you know? 4. Do natural disasters make big problems? 5. What do natural catastrophes teach us? Environmental protection in Great Britain - Защита окружающей среды во Великобритании We are living in the time of rapid scientific and technological progress, which is accompanied by an increasing consumption of the world’s natural resources. Such vital sources of life as air, water, minerals as well as fauna and flora are being wasted and destroyed. The protection of nature has become of international importance. Great Britain stresses the need for improvement of environmental protection too. Integrated pollution control restricts emissions to air, land and water from the most harmful process. Responsibility for pollution control rests with local and central government. Great Britain has adopted a phased programme of reductions in sulphur dioxide emissions from existing large combustion plants of up to 60 per cent by 2003. Over 95 per cent of petrol stations in Britain stock unleaded petrol. Strict controls have reduced carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide emissions. The Government worked out the rules for the use of the Earth’s atmosphere. Total emissions of smoke in the atmosphere have fallen by over 85 per cent since 1960. Sulphur dioxide emissions have fallen by about 40 per cent since 1970. The Government is committed to the elimination of chlorofluorocarbons which damage the ozone layer. They also contribute to the green-house effect, which leads to global warming and a rise in sea levels. There are nearly 500,000 protected buildings and 7,000 conservation areas of architectural or historical interest in Great Britain. The Government attaches great importance to the protection of national parks (they cover 9 per cent of the total land area of England and Wales). Great care is taken of three regional parks and forty national scenic areas, which cover 13 per cent of Scotland. The territorial waters of most nations are already being spoiled, but the National Rivers Authority of Great Britain protects its inland waters in England and Wales. In Scotland the river purification authorities are responsible for water pollution control. Under such strict regime the mineral and other resources of the oceans and seas would become reserves not only for use by this gen¬eration but the following generations as well. Vocabulary 1. rapid - быстрый 2. accompany - сопровождать 3. consumption - поглощения 4. reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions - сокращение выбросов диоксида серы 5. combustion [kəm'bʌsʧ(ə)n] - сгорания 6. petrol stations - бензоколонки 7. carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide - монооксид углерода, углеводороды и оксид азота 8. work out - разрабатывать 9. the elimination of chlorofluorocarbons - уничтожение, устранение хлорофлюороуглерода 10. ozone layer - озоновый слой 11. conservation area - охранная зона Questions 1. What programme has Great Britain adopted? 2. What did the Government work out for the use of the Earth’s atmosphere? 3. Which factors lead to global warming and a rise in sea levels? 4. How many protected buildings and conservation areas are there in Great Britain? 5. Why does the Government of Great Britain attach great importance to the protection of national parks and purification of the territorial waters? |