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  • Добавление к корню слова: – префиксов– суффиксов– окончаний I. Словообразование

  • Заимствования

  • Слова нового образования (“ created ” words )

  • Типовик_Ноябрь 2008 English. Учебное пособие для студентов технических вузов Английский язык Москва Издательство 2009 Утверждено учебным управлением мэи подготовлено на кафедре английского языка


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    НазваниеУчебное пособие для студентов технических вузов Английский язык Москва Издательство 2009 Утверждено учебным управлением мэи подготовлено на кафедре английского языка
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    Тема 1. Способы пополнения словарного состава


    Добавление к корню слова:

    – префиксов

    – суффиксов

    – окончаний

    I. Словообразование

    Read and translate the following derivatives

    1. to direct – directly – indirectly – direction;

    to consider – to reconsider – considerable – consideration – considerate;

    to construct – to reconstruct – constructive – construction;

    vapour – to vaporize – vapourous – to evaporate – evaporation;

    special – specially – speciality – to specialize – especial – especially;

    to inject – injection – injector;

    to continue – continuous – continuation – to discontinue – discontinuity;

    equal – equality – equally – to equal – to equalize – unequal;

    to interpret – interpreter – interpretation;

    facile – to facilitate – facility – facilities.

    1. anti-hero, anti–social, anti-nuclear;

    illogical, illegal, illiterate;

    impossible, immobile, immortal;

    incapable, inexpensive, inhuman;

    irregular, irresponsible, irrational;

    disconnect, disorder, disadvantage;

    misuse, misunderstand, misspend;

    non–-conductor, non-stop, non-interference.

    1. Чередование ударения

    in′crease – ′increase

    de′crease – ′decrease

    to su′bject – ′subject

    to trans′port – ′transport

    to im′port – ′import

    to pro′gress – ′progress

    to pre′sent – ′present

    1. Конверсия (корневое словообразование)

    iron – to iron

    effect – to effect

    test – to test

    heat – to heat

    air – to air

    last – to last

    master – to master

    want – to want

    very – the very

    only – the only

    flow – to flow

    change – to change

    II. Заимствования

    Arabic:

    Dutch:

    Greek:

    French:

    Italian:

    Japanese:

    Chinese:

    Russian:

    Spanish:

    Latin:

    Old Norse:

    admiral, algebra

    yacht, boss, deck

    theatre, astronomy, logic, telescope

    boil, roast, village, painter, table

    piano, violin, spagetti

    tycoon, karate

    tea, silk

    vodka, sputnik

    cigar, canyon, mosquito

    index, item, major, memorandum

    skirt, birth, window, they, them

    III. Слова нового образования (“createdwords)

    xerox – to xerox – xeroxed

    mackintosh , sandwich, submarine, X-ray, pop, helicopter, rock’n roll,
    hot dog, watt, bell.

    Тема 2. Трудности перевода


    apart from – помимо, кроме

    to result in – приводить к чему-либо

    to result from – происходить из-за чего-либо

    thanks to – благодаря, за счет чего-либо

    due to – благодаря, из-за

    thanks to – благодаря

    owing to – за счет чего-либо, благодаря

    by means of – посредством

    in order to – для того чтобы

    as well as – так же как и

    Task. Translate the following sentences into Russian

    A.

    1. Apart from the Russian scientists, a lot of invited participants made their reports on the last conference on Nanotechnology.

    2. Apart from the gravitation force, friction also acts upon this body.

    3. Mathematics and mechanics as well as engineering physics are studied at technical universities.

    4. Copper as well as silver are good conductors.

    5. Due to the rapid progress in electronics it has become possible to create supercomputers.

    6. Spaceships can communicate with the Earth due to the long distance radio signals.

    7. The motion of electrons results from a force acting upon them.

    8. The publication of this article resulted in the great interest of the scientific society.

    9. New design of this machine resulted from the recent experiments.

    10. Our planet is protected from harmful ultraviolet radiation by means of ozone layer.

    В.

    1. Apart from discovering the Periodic Law Mendeleyev predicted the existence of some unknown elements.

    2. Apart from applying the a.c. in practice, Yablochkov worked out the principle of the transformer and constructed the first one.

    3. Nuclear power plant gives off almost no air pollutants apart from the power plants, which release combusted gases into atmosphere.

    4. The nuclear power stations designed to produce heat as well as electrical energy are called nuclear heat-and-power plants.

    5. Since carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas, we must concern ourselves with the rate at which our civilization produces it as well as the rate at which the Earth absorbs it.

    6. At present it's possible to treat a lot of illnesses due to the properties of lasers.

    7. Thanks to the development of such new branch of science and technology as cosmonautics, the 20th century can be called “Space Age”.

    8. Due to the high speed of computer, a lot of mathematical operations can be solved per second.

    9. Reactors are much more reliable owing to the graphite, which withstands high temperatures.

    10. The well done chemical experiment resulted in the discovery of new properties of the composite material.

    11. The object's resistance to the change in velocity results in its greater inertia.

    12. Representing the electric field by means of these lines helps us to picture the forces between the charged bodies.

    13. The energy of flowing water is converted into mechanical energy by means of hydraulic turbines.

    14. The steam is deflected by the blades of the first disk, and then by means of stationary blades it is turned so that it will strike the blades of the next disk.

    15. It is well known that circulating water at power stations is cooled by means of cooling towers.

    16. In order to realize that project a new electricity generating station has been opened.

    17. In order to prevent strong shock, all electric wires at home should be isolated.

    18. The scientists conducted a lot of experiments in order to prove the property of this metal.
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