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Типовик_Ноябрь 2008 English. Учебное пособие для студентов технических вузов Английский язык Москва Издательство 2009 Утверждено учебным управлением мэи подготовлено на кафедре английского языка
Тема 41. Эмфаза. Инверсия -
Любое нарушение строго порядка слов в английском предложении (инверсия) приводит к эмфатической конструкции, т.е. к усилению значения сказанного (Второй и третий тип условных предложений)
Examples:
1. Were I a little bird, I should fly to the sky. – Былбы я маленькой птичкой, я полетел бы в небо.
2. Had he seen it, he would believe me. – Если бы он это видел, он бы поверил мне.
| Task. Translate the following sentences into Russian
Should supervision be required during the electron of the plant equipment, a special contract may be concluded.
Should the coil be wound on a core of soft iron of high permeability, the core would absorb these straight lines and give a concentrated field from one end of the core to the other.
Should there be twice as many turns in the secondary coil as in the primary one, the voltagein the secondary coil would be twice that applied to the primary one.
Should any person report ill effects caused by working with toxic chemicals needed for this analytical method, the use of the method should be discontinues until the source of contamination has been eliminated or decreased.
Should maintenance be requited on one side of the voltage stabilizer, the other side can still provide voltage control to either side of this equipment.
Should there be even a small deviation in velocity, the space vehicle would pass the planet.
Should we heat some water in an open glass container, we could see that evaporation goes on from the top surface.
Were he a student, he would study well.
Were he better educated, he would get the job.
Were the material a solid, the laser would be known as a solid-state device.
Were this true, the population of the earth would remain constant.
Had he money, he would know what to do.
Of first-rate importance are personal contacts between people.
Up goes unemployment, up go prices, and down tumbles the labour vote.
To resistance shall we pay our attention now.
The form of diplomatic agreements, complex though they became, still bears the mark of the peaceful relations.
At very low temperatures the resistance of some metals disappears and they become superconductors.
Never would stoves are much cleaner and more efficient than in the past.
Тема 42. It + to be + союз -
It+to be+любой союз = «именно» (усиление значения сказанного)
Examples:
1. It was Popov who invented the radio. – Именно Попов изобрел радио.
2. It is the sum of money that satisfies me. – Именно такая сумма денег меня устраивает.
| Task. Translate the following sentences into Russian
It is the timer that is the synchronizer of the whole system that times the transmitter pulse and the indicator.
At present, it is quantum electronics that has enabled man to penetrate into the visible light waves.
It is automation that is used in power engineering and machine building.
It is the primary winding that is connected to the source of energy and the secondary one is connected to the load.
It is in the series motors that the field windings and armature are connected in series with each other.
It is the programmer who translates the calculation into a number of instructions based on the kinds of switching.
It was he who was appointed commander in chief of the American army.
It was Franklin who was chosen to go to London to negotiate the place treaty with England.
It was in 1787 when Franklin was called from retirement to help write a constitution for a democratic federal government.
It is Fermi’s assembly that is still the basic construction of today’s nuclear reactors.
It is of the utmost importance that the manufacture supplies suitable and reliable devices for indicating the water level.
It was he who made a great contribution to science.
It is the Tory Government that is responsible for rising prices in Britain.
It was not until he had read for several days that he came upon a story that quickened his pulse. (И только после того как…)
It is from leakage of raw cooling water into the main condenser that contamination of condense may occur.
It is the Henry that is the unit of inductance.
It is in the process of metal heating that the vibrations of the metal rod molecules are handed on from molecule to molecule.
It is in the field of communication that the laser will find its most extensive application in the future.
It is the stored program that separates the electronic digital computer from all other types.
It is for this reason that motors of this type are known as induction motors.
It is the reaction turbine that is most used in Russia.
It is ancient Greeks who supposed that stars, planets, the sun and the moon move round the Earth in space.
It is lasers that were successfully employed to record information on and read it off.
It is scientists who discovered that a laser beam can be efficiently used to record alphanumeric data and sound on crystals.
It is the key that is kept secret.
It is the large-scale integrated circuits that make possible microprocessors and microcomputers.
It is the quantity of heat that is directly proportional to the difference in temperature between the ends of the bar.
It has been only recently that serious and great effort has been expended on the gas turbine.
Тема 43. the –er … the –er = чем … тем -
Сравнительная степень с определенным артиклем дает конструкцию эмфатическую (чем… тем)
Example:
The shorter the days, the nearer the winter. – Чем короче день, тем ближе зима.
| Task. Translate the following sentences into Russian
There are a large number of pressure stages, the greater the available heat drop, the greater the number of stages.
The greater the difference un pressure, the greater the flow.
The larger the cell, the greater is the amount of energy stored within it.
The more coal is put in the furnace, the stronger the fire is burning.
The more steam there is, the faster a train or a boat is moving.
The higher the tide, the larger the area of the available basin, and the smaller the dam required, the better the locality.
The smaller the scanning and reproducing spots and the greater the number of lines, the better will be the details of the scanned picture being reproduced at the receiving end.
The greater the amount of free electrons in a substance, the better the substance conducts electricity.
The greater the difference in pressure, the greater the flow.
In the case of water pipe, the larger the area through which the flow takes place, the greater the quantity of heat transferred per unit of time.
The larger the water pipe, the more water passes though it.
Тема 44. Эмфаза. Do -
Глагол do перед смысловым глаголом в утвердительном предложении усиливает значение сказанного (эмфаза)
Examples:
Docomein! – Да входите же!
He did prove that he was right! – Он сумел доказать, что он прав.
| Task. Translate the following sentences into Russian
Test carried out in the industrial environment have demonstrated that this installation does detect stator circuit faults, even when these are strictly confined to the degradation of the stator magnetic circuit.
The programmer’s work consists in translating the details of a problem into a language and he does study, analyse and plan these problems.
The third satellite was a cosmic laboratory that did measure its own electric charge and it did register the atmospheric density and pressure.
Computers do help our space program, our armed forces, our business and industry.
The conductivity of a conductor decreases as its temperature increases while that of an insulator varies slightly but does increase with increasing temperature.
However, many things do show that women have a different attitude to life than men.
Тема 45. Эмфаза. As … as
Examples:
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as far back – еще до…
as early as – еще в …
as long as – поскольку, так как
so far as possible – насколько возможно
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as well as – так же как
as many as three weeks – целых три недели
| Task. Translate the following sentences into Russian
As far back as 1845, Michael Faradey discovered that a light beam reverses its polarization as it passes through a magnetized crystal.
As early as in 1950s scientists began to consider the feasibility of measures which might be effective in dealing with oil pollution of the sea once it had occurred.
As long as both men’s hands were safely clasped, neither could harm the other.
As long as computers were tired down to vacuum tube technology, they could only be bulky, cumbersome1 and expеnsive.
As early as in 1753, Franklin made an important contribution to the science of electricity.
He was as lonely an old man as any in London.
Any two computers on the Internet can be in touch with each other as long as there is a single route between them.
As many as three weeks the travelers spent in the jungle.
Coal as well as liquid and gaseous fuels are used for boiler firing.
If a substantial static pressure drop occurs in the rotor flow passage, as well as a stationary nozzle, the turbine is generally called a reaction turbine.
As long as the refrigerators work and cool the magnet, the electricity circulating inside such a magnet could store additional electrical power.
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Examples:
much + –er – гораздо; much more – гораздо больше
far more – намного больше
Все вводные слова типа however являются эмфазой.
Все виды модальных глаголов являются эмфазой.
– er…–erявляется эмфазой (fewer and fewer – все меньше…)
more than – больше чем…
such as – эмфаза
| Task. Translate the following sentences into Russian
More and more the operations of our businesses, governments and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories.
Just for the exhilaration of programming, students in the Al Lab would write a new program to perform even the smallest tasks.
The period in which hydrogen and oxygen exist as an explosive mixture is much shorter than that for carbon monoxide and oxygen.
The wheel-computerised system is much more efficient than those used preciously.
If you make half-hour breaks while getting ready for your exams your brain will work much more efficiently.
Wood has long been used to heat homes, and newer wood stoves are much cleaner and more efficient than in the past.
Computers require less power, throw off less heat, take up less space and are far more reliable than their predecessors.
More than two rows of revolving blades are seldom employed.
However, a generator can be constructed with nothing moving inside, thus eliminating the need for a steam turbine.
However, the metal could be successfully replaced by a jet of gas heated to a plasma state, plasma being a rather new term in science and engineering.
The general – purpose computer is flexible so that it can communicate withall parts of the machine.
The fact that dirigibles are much larger in size and their staying power is much longer than those of an aircraft makes them ideally suited for exploration.
Fortunately, fewer and fewer people are suffering from computer anxiety.
The accumulation of nuclear weapons cannot be too often emphasized.
She could see in him nothing that was not rich, shining, desirable.
Ulanova did more than embellish the art of dance.
The density at the bottom is less than that near the top.
The sun was shining and the sea was at its bluest.
It was a most interesting film.
Such a transfer is known to be called convection.
A common gas such as air or hydrogen is made up of molecules which are electrically neutral.
Other impurities, such as iron or copper, may be got from the piping and equipment of the preboiler system.
Двойное отрицание дает утверждение
He did not reach home until the early hours.
The differences between India and Pakistan are not irreconcilable.
1 сumbersome – громоздкий
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