Учебное пособие для студентов университетов Нижний Новгород 2014 Жолобов С. И
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to get / take / win / poll / secure / capture / pull / come away with 25% of the vote / poll / ballot: The Green Party got / took 25% of the vote. | The Tories won 53 per cent of the popular vote. | Labour polled just 4% of the vote. | Labour won the election with 40% of the poll. | In most constituencies the largest party can pull 40% of the poll. | Wilson came away with 64% of the poll. to split the vote to cause people to vote for different things: The new environmental party split the liberal vote. (4) the right to vote in an election правоголоса; избирательноеправо:At that time black people did not yet have the vote. | In France women didn't get the vote until 1945. polling [uncountable] the activity of voting in a political election голосование: Polling started / began / commenced at 8.00 this morning. | Polling will take place from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. heavy / light polling with many or few people voting высокий / низкийпроцентучастияизбирателейввыборах the poll / polls an election to choose a government or political representative; the process of voting and the counting of votes выборы; голосование, баллотировка; подсчетголосов:Richards won a huge victory at the polls. | In 1945, Winston Churchill was defeated at the polls. | City officials do not expect many people at the polls. | Labour were the big winners in yesterday's poll. | The result of the poll won't be known until around midnight. ballot [countable; uncountable] a system of voting, usually in secret, in order to choose a candidate in an election or express an opinion about an issue, or an occasion when you vote in this way (тайное) голосование, баллотирование, баллотировка; выборы:The result of the ballot will not be known for two weeks. by ballot | by / in a ballot of sb путем (тайного) голосования:Party leaders are elected by ballot. | He was elected by a ballot of all the teaching staff in the college. | In a secret ballot of reporters who have covered both, Dole would probably defeat President Clinton. void ballot недействительное голосование abstention (from voting) [countable; uncountable] a vote in an election which is neither for nor against something or someone; a decision not to vote in an election or meeting воздержавшийся; неучастиевголосовании:The number of abstentions is likely to be crucial. | There were ten votes in favour, six against, and three abstentions. | The draft law was passed by 134 votes to 19, with 5 abstentions. | There were high levels of abstention (from voting) in the last elections. | The overall abstention rate was reported to be as high as 55 percent of the electorate of 2,200,000. polling day (esp. BrE) | election day (esp. AmE) [countable] the day when people vote in an election деньвыборов / голосования:On polling day, voters go to polling stations. | The outcome may well depend on who copes best with the long run in to polling day. (voter) turnout | turnout (of voters) [countable; uncountable] | (voter) turnout rate [countable] | (voter) participation [uncountable] | (voter) participation rate [countable] the number of people who vote in an election явка (навыборы); количествоизбирателей, принявшихучастиеввыборах:In most parliamentary democracies voter turnout tends to be around half to three-quarters of the electorate. | Participation is measured using voter turnout, or the percentage of the eligible voters who actually voted in national elections. | The 1996 presidential election produced the lowest percentage of voter turnout since 1824. | Turnout dipped / slid down despite an increase in voter registration. | Good weather on polling day should ensure a good turnout. | Election officials said the turnout of voters was low. | The highest turnout rate in the past 60 years came in the 1960 Kennedy-Nixon race when 62.8 percent turned out. | And major political issues are often decided on the basis of very low voter participation. | The turnout continues a downward voter participation trend that started in 1964. | In this second round the candidate with most votes would win the constituency seat provided that participation was above 25 percent. a turnout of 4,000,000 / 60% etc:There was a relatively low turnout of just over 60 percent. turnout at / in / for an election / referendum / round of voting:The turnout at a local election is also on average little more than half that at a general election. | Voter turnout in local elections was frequently as low as 25 percent, in contrast with over 70 percent in national elections. | The turnout for the 1992 primary election was 29 percent. turnout by sb:Democratic strategists say a strong turnout by women is essential to re-electing Clinton. high / heavy // low turnout высокая // низкаяявка (навыборы):There was an unusually high turnout in the election, nearly twice the number predicted. |A high turnout was reported at the polling booths. | Heavy voter turnout has been predicted for the first primary of 1996. | Another factor cited for low voter turnout by young people was their greater mobility. | We're expecting quite a low turnout for the local elections. to put / estimate turnout at 55% etc оценивать / приблизительноподсчитыватьявку (навыборах):Initial estimates put (the) turnout margin at more than 70 percent in Gaza. | On polling day, the Information Ministry estimated turnout at 85 percent. [countable] the difference in the number of votes, points etc that exists between the winners and the losers of a competition or election разница; преимущество:The margin in favour was 280-to-153. by a narrow / small / slim / thin margin:Kennedy won the election by a narrow margin. | Danes voted by a narrow margin to keep their own currency. | Adenauer was only elected Chancellor by a slim / small margin. | The poll shows that the government is leading by the narrowest / slimmest of margins. by a wide / big / large / significant / comfortable margin:The resolution was passed by a wide / big / large margin. | Recent polls say if the election were held today, Clinton would beat Dole by a significant margin. | But even there Dole won by a comfortable 12-point margin. by a margin of 100 votes / 10 points etc (to 50 votes / 5 points etc):The election was won by a margin of only 200 votes. | The Senate approved the use of military force by a margin of 52 votes to 47. by a 10% / 100-vote / 10-point etc margin:The bill passed by a one-vote margin. | He was re-elected by a 10-point margin. a margin over sb: Some polls show he is favoured by female voters by a 2 to 1 margin over Dole. majority [countable – can be followed by a plural verb (BrE)] the number of votes by which a candidate or party wins an election большинство; преимущество:Their majority in the House was reduced by 20. | The election produced a Conservative majority in the House of Commons. | Their attempt was voted down by a majority of House members. to win by / with a majority (of 1000 votes) победитьспреимуществом…:He won by a majority of 500. | The social democrats won with a clear majority. to win / get / gain / obtain / receive / secure / carry a majority получить / завоеватьбольшинство:He won a majority of votes to become party leader. | Yeltsin won majorities in more than 80 of the 88 electoral districts. | No candidate gained an absolute majority in the first round. | If the candidate obtains an absolute majority, he is appointed Chancellor by the Federal President. | They secured an absolute majority with only 35.1 % of the vote. to command / have / hold / enjoy a majority иметьбольшинство, пользоватьсяподдержкойбольшинства: The National Party continues to command a majority in the House of Assembly. | Such coalitions are especially important in legislatures where no single party commands a majority. | The Conservatives had a huge overall majority in the House of Commons. | Democrats still hold a majority in the Senate. | They held a majority of seats on the National Executive Committee. | No single party enjoys an overall majority in the parliament. to maintain a majority сохранятьбольшинство:Their votes are needed this year to maintain the Republican majority in Congress. to lose a majority потерять / утратитьбольшинство:The Labour party have lost their majority in Parliament. | Religious conservatives lost their majority on the board in November. small / narrow / slim / slender / tiny / close / bare majority незначительноебольшинство:Preserving a small majority was not a triumph for Mr Major in the real world.| He won by a narrow majority. | The Democrats have a slim majority in the House. | The Republicans won by a slender majority.| He had only a tiny parliamentary majority. large / clear / clear-cut / commanding / outright / comfortable / handsome majority явноебольшинство:A referendum, held in March 1992, confirmed this position by a large majority. | In each case a clear majority of Republican voters rejected him. | The scandal over the tapes has also deprived Kuchma of a clear-cut majority in parliament. | Neither main party won a commanding majority. | Neither man won an outright majority. absolute / overall majority | majority (AmE) [singular] a result in an election when one candidate or political party wins more than half the total votes or seats абсолютноебольшинство (голосов):If there is a party with an absolute majority in the lower house it will form the government. | The Tories therefore would fall 12 seats short of an overall majority. two-thirds / qualified majority большинствовдветрети (голосов); квалифицированноебольшинство:A two-thirds majority (of votes) is needed to override a veto. | The Senate voted but failed to get a two-thirds majority on the balanced budget. | So too is the voting system, where a simple formula of 55% of member states, comprising 65% of the EU's population, will in almost all cases make up a qualified majority. | Yes, in theory, the commission could then re-submit the original proposals unamended, but in practice they would be unlikely to do so, not least because, if a third of national parliaments are against a proposal, so will be their governments, and the commission would be close to losing the qualified majority needed to pass laws. simple majority | relative majority (BrE) | plurality (esp. AmE) [countable; uncountable] the largest number of votes received by a candidate or party in an election that is less than the total number of votes which all the other candidates or parties have received простое / относительноебольшинство (голосов):A simple majority was needed for approval. | His lawyers have appealed to the constitutional court against the decree, which was agreed by a simple cabinet majority. | In order to be elected, a constituency candidate needs only a plurality of the votes cast. to have a (thousand / 45%) plurality (of votes / the vote):He had a thousand plurality and was elected President. to win a (thousand / 45%) plurality (of votes / the vote):The Democrats won only a plurality of the votes cast. | He won a 48 percent plurality of the vote rather than an outright majority. to win by / with a plurality of 1000 votes:The mayor won with a plurality of 12,000 votes, while the other two candidates had 9,000 and 7,000 votes, respectively. minority [singular; can be followed by a plural verb (BrE)] a small group of people or things within a much larger group меньшинство:Only a minority support(s) these new laws. small / tiny minority:These children are only a small minority. | It's only a tiny minority of people who are causing the problem. substantial / significant / sizeable minority to be in the majority to form the largest group бытьвбольшинстве:The number of women on the committee has grown steadily and now they are in the majority. to be in the / a minority to form less than half of a group бытьвменьшинстве:Women are in the minority in the top ranks of government. | Even in the 1960s, politically active students and academics were in a minority. minority party a political party that has a minority of seats in a parliament партияменьшинства:The administration's minority party has put off the decision. | The presence of minority parties would also engender a diversity of opinions and ethnic backgrounds. minority government [countable] a government that does not have enough politicians in a parliament to control parliament and take decisions without the support of other parties правительствоменьшинства:The following day Labour formed a minority government under Michael Field. landslide (victory) | sweeping victory [countable; usually singular] a victory in an election in which one person or party gets a lot more votes than their opponents убедительная / полная / крупная / безоговорочнаяпобеданавыборах:The newspapers were predicting a landslide (victory) / sweeping victory for Thatcher. | Few people expected Labour's landslide victory in 1945. (to win sth / to elect sb) by / in a landslide: He won the presidential election by a landslide. | He was re-elected by a landslide. | He was elected mayor in a landslide last May. to win / achieve / gain / score / pull off (informal) a landslide (victory): Her party won a landslide victory in the 1990 general election. | The party scored a landslide victory, winning 159 seats. | The Labour Leader won a landslide. ballot (paper) | voting slip [countable] a piece of paper on which you record your vote избирательныйбюллетень: In Ireland some voters would find the ballot paper confusing. on the ballot визбирательномбюллетене:Voters also heavily endorsed a clause on the ballot paper calling for the convening of a constituent assembly to reform the Constitution. |