Учебное пособие для студентов университетов Нижний Новгород 2014 Жолобов С. И
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to give sth a spin | to give a spin to sth:The New York Times gave a wholly improper political spin to the report. spin doctor / master [countable] (informal) someone whose job is to give information to the public in a way that gives the best possible advantage to a politician or organization; someone whose job is to make ideas, events, etc seem better than they really are, especially in politics политтехнолог; экспертпосвязямсобщественностью:The election was won despite the spin doctors. | The party spin doctors would like us to believe that the government is committed to improving the environment. | There are those who are preparing to divide us, the spin masters and negative ad peddlers. to spin [transitive] to present information or a situation in a particular way, especially one that makes you or your ideas seem good подаватьинформациюпредвзято; раскручивать, пиарить: The administration is relentlessly spinning the war. | An aide was already spinning the senator's defeat as ‘almost as good as an outright win’. | Supporters attempted to spin the bill's defeat to their advantage. to promise [intransitive; transitive] to tell someone that you will definitely do or provide something or that something will happen обещать, даватьобещание to promise to do sth: The government promised to increase public expenditure, to cut taxes and to balance the budget. to promise sb sth | to promise sth (to sb): The great powers promised them an independent state. | The Conservative Party promised higher standards in education. | Relief organizations are promising aid to the country. to promise (sb) that…: The government promised that they would reduce taxes / that the rich would no longer get preferential treatment. to pledge [transitive] to make an official and public promise that you will do something даватьторжественноеобещание; заверять, обещать, клясться;связыватьсебяобещанием / клятвой to pledge to do sth: The government pledged to reduce crime / end the fighting. to pledge sth (to sb / for sth): The USA has pledged aid to the country. | Britain has pledged £1.3 million to the UN for refugee work. to pledge (one's) support / loyalty / solidarity / cooperation / allegiance (to sb / for sth): We are asking people to pledge their support for our campaign. | Should new citizens of Canada pledge allegiance to the queen of Great Britain? to pledge that…: The president has pledged that inflation will continue to fall and the economy will continue to grow. to commit oneself (to sth / to doing / to do sth) | to commit to sth / doing sth | to pledge oneself to do sth / to sth to agree or promise to do something important брать / приниматьнасебяобязательство, связыватьсебяобязательством:You don't have to commit yourself at this stage. | The government must commit itself to improving health care. | Both sides committed themselves to settle the dispute peacefully. | Once we have committed to this course of action there is no going back. | They have pledged themselves to root out state corruption. to commit sb to sth / doing sth | to pledge sb to sth / to do sth [transitive] to make someone agree or promise to do something обязать, налагатьобязательства:The speech did not commit the rebels to a ceasefire. | He clearly committed his government to continuing down the path of economic reform. | The treaties renounce the use of force and pledge the two countries to co-operation. (to be / remain) committed to sth / doing sth having promised to be involved in a course of action приверженныйчему-л.:The government was committed to further reductions in defence spending. | We are committed to withdrawing our troops by the end of the year. promise [countable] a statement that you will definitely do or provide something or that something will definitely happen обещание solemn / sacred promise торжественное обещание, клятва vague promise (about sth) неопределенное / расплывчатое / туманноеобещание:Thepoliticiansmadevaguepromisesaboutindependence. empty / false / hollow promise пустое / фальшивоеобещание, пустыеслова:We don't want any more empty / false / hollow promises from the government. rash promise опрометчивое / поспешное / безрассудноеобещание:He made all sorts of rash promises about economic growth. pledge [countable] (formal) a serious and firm promise that is made publicly and officially (публичное) обещание;клятва;обязательство:The government ignored its pledges to hold democratic elections / to make no deals with terrorists. pledge on sth:They comprise pledges on national standards and a new set of promises specifically geared to the local area. promise | pledge COLLOCATIONS promise / pledge of sth (from sb): a promise of help / support (from sb) | Sunday's vote was a test of the new president's pledge of fair elections. to give (sb) / make a promise (to sb) давать / делатьобещание:As a leader in the Senate, you make progress by making promises others can count on. to give (sb) / make / take a pledge давать / делатьобещание:All the candidates have given / made pledges not to raise taxes if they are elected. | Dole refuses to take a pledge to keep the party pro-life. to keep / fulfil / carry out / deliver (on) / live up to / honour / be true to a promise / pledge выполнить / сдержатьобещание, сдержатьслово:The rebels failed to keep a promise / pledge to release the two men. |Eisenhower fulfilled / carried out his election pledge to end the war in Korea. | He failed to deliver (on) his key election / campaign promises / pledges. | The country will be forced to live up to the promise / pledge of democracy. | The King was not called upon to honour his promise / pledge. to break / go back on / renege on / backtrack on / backpedal on a promise / pledge невыполнить / несдержать / нарушитьобещание, несдержатьслово:The army broke its promise / pledge to return the country to civilian rule. | Any pause in progress towards the objective is a matter of going back on electoral promises / pledges. | The government reneged on its promise / pledge to ensure full employment. | The President is backtracking / backpedalling on some of his election promises. election / electoral / campaign promise / pledge предвыборноеобещание: They have made some studies of specific election / electoral pledges and their fulfilment by governments. | Scottmadeacampaignpromisenottoraisetaxes. broken promise / pledge нарушенноеобещание:the party's broken election promises / pledges commitment (to sth) [countable] a promise to do something обязательство; приверженностьчему-л.; обязанность: The peace talks ended with smiles and handshakes, but no commitment. | His adviser expressed America's commitment to economic development. to make / give a commitment (to sth) братьнасебяобязательство, связатьсебяобязательством: They made a commitment to peace. | But the environment minister could not give any firm commitment to further government funds. to have a commitment (to sth) иметьобязательство:The governor has a strong commitment to equal pay and opportunities / creating jobs in the state. to honour / fulfil / meet a commitment (to sb / sth) выполнятьобязательство:The Government will continue to honour its commitment to pensioners. to reaffirm one's commitment (to sth) (повторно / вновь) подтвердитьобязательство:He insisted that he had acted within the Constitution and reaffirmed his commitment to multiparty democracy. 5. Influencing voters to influence [transitive] to affect the way someone or something develops, behaves, thinks etc without directly forcing or ordering them влиять, воздействовать, оказыватьвлияние to influence sb (to do sth): Judges should not be influenced by political motives. | Their purpose is to influence government to adopt policies favourable to them. to influence sth: to influence (the outcome of) elections / political actions / policy / strategy | to influence one's beliefs / opinions / views / attitudes / tastes / preferences / culture / behaviour / development / decisions / public opinion | How does the media influence elections? | There are many aspects of the environment that might influence political beliefs and actions. to influence sb / sth deeply / greatly / heavily / profoundly / significantly / strongly:Both societies are deeply influenced by their history and by their perception of that history. | Education has been heavily influenced by colonialism. to seek / try / strive to influence sb / sth: The politicians sought to influence voters / their electorate (in their choice of candidate) in the general election. | Different groups form to try to influence decisions concerning these issues. to shape [transitive] to influence something such as a belief, opinion, policy, someone's character etc and make it develop in a particular way формировать, придаватьформу:to shape one's beliefs / opinions / views / attitudes / tastes / preferences / culture / behaviour / development / policy / strategy / public opinion | People's political beliefs are often shaped by what they read in the newspapers. | He was very influential in shaping the government's economic policy / strategy. | The public policy of the USA is shaped with a view to the benefit of the nation as a whole. to instil | to implant | to inculcate (formal) [transitive] to put a feeling, idea or principle gradually into someone's mind, so that it has a strong influence on the way they think or behave; to strongly fix ideas, feelings or opinions in someone else's mind so that they influence their character or behaviour (исподволь) внушать; вселять; внедрять; прививать; насаждать to instil / implant / inculcate confidence / enthusiasm / fear / discipline / ideas / beliefs / attitudes (in / into sb):They attempt to instil fear in / into people and discourage freedom of thought. | He had a deep sense of patriotism that had been implanted in / into him by his father. | She tries very hard to inculcate traditional values in / into her students. to instil / inculcate sb with sth: It is easy to instil the minds of young children with fixed ideas, whether right or wrong. | Schools inculcate children with patriotic ideas from an early age. to indoctrinate | to brainwash [transitive] to force someone to accept a set of political or religious beliefs by repeating the same idea many times so that the person cannot think in an independent way внушать; внедрять; насаждать; промыватьмозги, подвергать (идеологической) обработке to indoctrinate / brainwash sb (to do sth / into doing sth): People were indoctrinated not to question their leaders. | Citizens were indoctrinated into believing that their leader was the source of all wisdom and goodness. | The government is trying to brainwash them into thinking that war is necessary. | We were brainwashed to believe we were all equal. to indoctrinate sb (with sth / in sth): It is too easy for any State or Church to indoctrinate young children with the views that it considers correct. | Some parents were critical of attempts to indoctrinate children in green ideology. to sway [transitive] to influence someone so that they change their opinion повлиять, склонять (кого-л. кчему-л.); иметьвлияние to sway sb: He made a speech that swayed the voters. to sway one's opinion / public opinion: Others said they have already decided who will get their vote, and the vice presidential selection will not sway their opinion. | These arguments swayed public opinion. to sway sb into doing sth: Her speech failed to sway the voters into supporting her plan. to swing (1) [intransitive] to shift if people or their opinions, ideas, attitudes, feelings or emotions swing, they change quickly to the opposite of what they were (резко) меняться / колебаться to swing (away from sb / in sb's favour / the other way):At the next general election the voters can swing again. | The mood amongst Tory MPs seems to be swinging away from their leader. | Public opinion began to swing in their favour / the other way. to swing from sth to sth / between sth and sth:His opinions would often swing from one extreme to the other. | Forecasts about the course of democracy tend to swing from optimism to despair. to shift: shifting attitudes towards marriage | Public attitudes towards marriage have shifted over the past 50 years. to shift (away) from sb / sth (to / towards sb / sth): The balance of power shifted away from workers towards employers. to shift (to / towards sth): Public opinion was beginning to shift to the right. | Public opinion had shifted sharply to the left following the war. | Her sympathies gradually shifted to the side of the protesters. (2) [transitive] to influence or win over; to manage or arrange successfully; to bring around to the desired result (резко) изменить / повлиять; победить, добитьсяпобеды to swing sth away from sb:This latest scandal could swing popular support away from them. |