Учебное пособие для студентов университетов Нижний Новгород 2014 Жолобов С. И
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to inaugurate sb (as president / governor / mayor) [transitive] to introduce a new person into an important job, such as that of president, by holding a special ceremony (торжественно) вводитьвдолжность:The new President will be inaugurated in January. | In 1959 De Gaulle was inaugurated as First President of the Republic. | The new Assembly was due to be inaugurated on June 1. inauguration [uncountable; countable] (торжественное)вступлениевдолжность, инаугурация:the inauguration of the new Governor | an inauguration ceremony | his long inauguration speech to rig / fix / falsify [transitive] to arrange or influence something such as an election in a dishonest way in order to produce a particular result подтасовывать / фальсифицироватьрезультаты (выборов), фальсифицировать (выборы) to rig / fix an election / a by-election / the vote / the ballot: Some international observers claim the election was rigged / fixed. | Previous elections in the country have been rigged by the ruling party. | There was no rigging of the election and no attempt by the hard-liners to reverse the results after the vote. | The senator resigned after accusations that the vote had been rigged. to rig / fix / falsify (election) results / returns: All major opposition parties boycotted local elections because they believed that the results would be rigged. | He was accused of trying to falsify election returns. ballot / vote / election rigging / fixing / fraud | voter / electoral fraud [uncountable] the practice of cheating in an election by producing a false record of the number of votes подтасовка / фальсификациярезультатовголосования / выборов:Rumours of ballot-rigging discouraged many from voting. | The poll was widely discredited after allegations of ballot rigging / vote fixing. | The EU decided to tighten its sanctions against those in his government it blames for the ballot fraud. | The election results were nullified because of voter fraud. | Accusations of election fraud, from ballots cast for dead people to double-voting, are as old as democracy itself. fix [singular] a dishonest arrangement intended to produce a particular result: People think the election was a fix. threshold | hurdle | barrier [countable] the level at which something starts to happen or have an effect порог, барьер; пороговаявеличина:In a two-round poll, with a 10% threshold in the first round, a three-way contest between the Socialists, the National Front and the centre-right could end up favouring the far right. | The 5% Duma barrier was designed to weed out the just-for-fun contenders. a high / low threshold / barrier (for sth) to set a threshold (for sth) устанавливатьпорог:Another proposal would combat political fragmentation by setting a threshold of 2% of the vote for a party to win seats in Congress. to raise / lower the threshold / barrier (for sth):To keep the opposition out of parliament, the Kremlin raised the threshold for seats to 7%, and banned small parties from forming coalitions to meet this requirement. to reach a threshold:No other parties succeeded in reaching the 5 percent threshold required to win representation. to cross / pass a threshold (for sth) | to clear / get over a hurdle | to overcome a hurdle / barrier преодолеватьбарьер: Just six of those parties managed to cross the 5 percent threshold necessary for official status in the Duma. | Without them, say Yabloko leaders, their party would have cleared the 5% hurdle. close | hotly contested won by only a small amount or distance: a close election / vote | A second count of votes was done because the result was very close. | Both sides expect a close vote. | The result is going to be / is too close to call. (= so close that it is impossible to know who will win) | Our candidate came a close second (= nearly won). close / hotly contested election напряженные выборы; выборы, на которых разрыв между кандидатами незначительный; выборы, в которых кандидаты имеют почти равные шансы neck and neck (with sb) (informal) | nip and tuck (esp. AmE) (informal) if two competitors or groups are neck and neck / nip and tuck in a competition or race, they are level with each other ноздрявноздрю, вравномположении, неотставая:He and Yeltsin are neck and neck in the polls. | Du Pont and others are neck and neck with us. | Opinion polls show the two main parties are running neck and neck. | They are running neck and neck with Mrs Clinton. | In 1960 Kennedy and Nixon ran neck and neck in seventy-one of northeast Texas' seventy-two counties. | Abstention and New Labour came in almost neck and neck: 29 per cent for the former, 31 per cent for the latter. | The presidential contest is nip and tuck. 3. Voting to vote [intransitive; transitive] to show by marking a paper, raising your hand etc which person you want to elect or whether you support a particular plan голосовать:voting irregularities | to tamper with voting lists | The minimum voting age is lowered to eighteen. to vote:In 1918 British women got the right to vote. | They voted by a show of hands. | All adults enjoy the right to vote in free general elections. | Participation is measured using voter turnout, or the percentage of the eligible voters who actually voted in national elections. to vote for / in favour of // against sb / sth:They voted for of the Maastricht treaty. | The vast majority of people voted in favour of closer links with Europe. | Four years ago, when Ohio voted against incumbent Bush, the jobless rate in the state stood at 7 percent. to vote Labour / Conservative / Tory / Liberal / Democrat(ic) / Republican / Socialist:I voted Labour at the last election. | He used to vote Conservative, but he switched to Labour in 1997. | Then they voted Democrat in 1992 and 1996. | I have voted Republican my entire life. to vote to do sth:Congress voted to increase foreign aid by 10%. | The committee voted to approve the report. to vote on sth:The committee voted on the proposal, and accepted it unanimously. | The people were given a chance to vote on the issue. to vote somebody into / out of office / power / parliament | to vote sb in / out | to vote sb onto a committee / council to elect or dismiss someone by voting:The Republican Party was voted into office. | They cannot join forces to vote her out of office. | The members of the national assembly will vote in a prime minister by a simple majority. | With policies like that, he'll be voted out in the next election. | It was the younger members who voted Smith onto the committee. to vote sth through to approve a plan, law etc by voting провести (предложение) путем / врезультатеголосования:The committee voted through a proposal to cut the defence budget. to vote sb / sth down | to defeat sth to reject sb or a plan, law etc by voting провалить / отвергнуть (предложение) путем / врезультатеголосования:If he demands too much, the unions will vote him down | The Congress voted down a motion to change the union's structure.| The proposal was defeated on April 2 by 767 votes to 121. to go to the polls to vote in an election идтинавыборы, приниматьучастиеввыборах / голосовании, голосовать: We're trying to encourage young people to go to the polls. | Voters are due to go to the polls on Sunday to elect a new president. to poll | to take [transitive] to get a particular number or percentage of votes in an election получать / собиратьголоса:The Labour candidate polled 52% of the votes. | The winner polled over 16,000 votes. | The Labour Party took 45 per cent of the votes. to ballot (1) [transitive] to ask people to vote in order to decide an issue проводить (тайное) голосование; баллотировать; решатьвопросголосованием to ballot sb (on / over sth): The union decided to ballot its members on the issue. | The union will now ballot its members on whether to go ahead with strike action. (2) [intransitive] to vote for something голосовать to ballot for sth: Staff balloted for strike action yesterday. to outvote [transitive] to defeat a person or an idea by winning more votes than them нанестипоражениепутем / врезультатеголосования, иметьперевесголосов, забаллотировать: Waddington's proposal was outvoted in the Senate. | France was outvoted on that issue. | They feared that the numerous poor might outvote the few rich. to stay away from the polls not to vote in an election не ходить на выборы, не принимать участия в голосовании, не голосовать to abstain (from sth / doing sth) / (in the vote) [intransitive] to choose not to vote for or against something in an election; to choose not to vote in an election or meeting воздержаться (приголосовании); неучаствоватьвголосовании / выборах:The leaders asked their workers to abstain from voting. | Three Conservative MPs abstained in the vote on the second reading of the Railways Bill. | But 26 million voters, or 69 % of the electorate, abstained. to turn out (for sth / to do sth) [intransitive] to go somewhere in order to be present at an event or take part in an activity приниматьучастие; являться: About 70% of the population turned out for the election. | Only 62% of the electorate turned out to vote. | The highest turnout rate in the past 60 years came in the 1960 Kennedy-Nixon race when 62.8 percent turned out. vote (1) [countable] a choice or decision that you make by voting in an election or meeting голос (навыборах): We have enough votes to carry the state. | Mr Reynolds was re-elected by 102 votes to 60. | The proposal was rejected by 19 votes to 7. | Bush initially won Florida by 2,000 votes. vote for / in favour // against (sb / sth):There were 402 votes for Mr Williams, and 372 against. | The House of Representatives approved the budget, with 52 votes in favour, 16 against and 12 abstentions. to cast a vote (for / in favour of // against sb / sth) to mark a piece of paper to show who you are voting for подаватьголос (навыборах), голосовать (навыборах):In Britain many people cast their votes at local schools. | She cast her vote for the Communist Party. to win / gain / get / receive / garner / take votes получатьголоса (навыборах):Harkin won 74 percent of the votes cast. | He got an overwhelming majority of the votes. | He received 52 votes while the Communist candidate got only 33 votes. | In order to win the office of President, the candidate must garner at least 270 of these votes. | The party garnered 70 percent of the vote. | The Labour Party took 45 per cent of the votes. to lose votes потерятьголоса to cost / lose sb votes стоитькому-л. голосовизбирателей:This policy will cost her thousands of votes. | Defence, which lost Labour so many votes in 1983 and 1987, is especially important. the casting / deciding vote / ballot the vote given by the person in charge of an official meeting to decide an issue when votes on each side are equal решающийголос:The Chair has the casting vote in the case of a tie. | The chairman gave his casting vote in favour.| The vote was tied and a local union leader used his casting vote in favour of the return to work. | The chairperson always has the deciding vote. to count votes считать / подсчитыватьголоса:Party members were up all night counting the votes. count of votes подсчетголосов recount of votes a second count of votes that happens in an election because the result was very close пересчет / повторныйподсчетголосов:Opponents demanded a manual recount. | I am still trying to get them to do the recount. (2) [countable; usually singular] an occasion when a group of people vote in order to decide something or choose a representative голосование; баллотировка; волеизъявление: a close / lopsided / solid / unanimous vote | The result(s) of the vote will be announced tomorrow. | The mass media can influence / swing the vote (in our favour). | Both sides expect a close vote. | The Senate passed the treaty by a vote of eighty-two to one. to have / take / hold a vote (on sth / to do sth) | to hold a ballot (of sb) проводить(тайное) голосование:We called a meeting in order to have / take / hold a vote on the issue. | I think we should take a vote on whether or not to accept their offer. | They decided to hold a ballot. | It was decided to hold a ballot of all party members. to put sth to the / a vote / the ballot поставитьнаголосование:The proposal was read out and then put to the vote. | When the matter was put to a vote, the staff voted overwhelmingly not to go on strike. | This seems to be an area of disagreement, so let's put it to the ballot. direct / secret / open vote / ballot прямое / тайное / открытоеголосование:Fifty of its members will be elected by direct ballot. | The party leader is elected by secret ballot. | Voting will be by secret ballot. | The President would be elected on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot for a five-year term. (3) [singular] poll (BrE) | ballot the total number of votes or voters in an election, or the number of votes received or cast by a particular group итогиголосования; (общее) число / количество (поданных) голосов; голосаизбирателей:The Republicans increased their share of the vote. | Their policies are designed to win / capture the African-American vote. | The vote was overwhelmingly in favour of the Democratic Party. |