Учебное пособие по разговорному английскому языку для студентов всех специальностей неязыкового вуза
 Скачать 4.24 Mb.
|
|
part-time student - студент заочного отделения extra-paid leave - оплачиваемый отпуск session - сессия run - длиться academic year - учебный год theoretical (pure) sciences - теоретические (фундаментальные) науки applied sciences - прикладные науки. Higher Education in Russia Young people of Russia get higher education at institutes, universities and academies. They enter a higher institution after leavings secondary schools. Of course, not all people who want to get higher education can be admitted to an institution. There are from two to ten applicants for each vacancy at various higher schools and only the best in knowledge are able to pass competitive entrance exams. Those who hadn’t chance of being accepted to the institute go to work at various plants and offices. It doesn’t mean, however, that such people have no opportunity to get higher education. Almost all higher schools in Russia have evening or extramural departments for the people who want to combine their work with study. The study in Russia is free of charge or paid. Full-time students (day students) get state scholarship, the amount of which depends on their success in studies. Part-time students get extra-paid leave for the period of their session. The course of study at higher schools runs four or six years, in other words it consists of 4 or 6 academic years. Each academic year is divided into two terms. At the end of each term the students have exams and credit tests (session). The schools of higher education have a comprehensive curriculum, which consists of a number of theoretical (pure) and applied sciences. The students study general-educational and specialized subjects. At the end of study students submit the graduation projects (papers) or hold final exams. The main purpose of the project is to evaluate the standard of the graduates’ knowledge and abilities. Sometimes projects are used by industrial enterprises. After graduation the graduates get diplomas. 9. Complete the sentences. 1) Young people enter… 2) There are five applicants… 3) Only the best in knowledge are able… 4) Besides day-time study almost all higher schools in Russia… 5) If you want to combine work with study… 6) The study in Russia is … or… 7) Part-time students get… 8) The course of study consists of… 9) An academic year is divided into… 10) Young people get higher education at… 11) At the end of each term… 12) The curriculum consists of… 13) At the end of study… 14) The main purpose of a graduation paper… 15) After graduation… 10. Compose sentences using word combinations: after leaving secondary schools; to be admitted to the institute; applicants for a vacancy; entrance exams; to be able to pass competitive exams; have an opportunity; to combine smth. with smth.; extra-paid leave; to consist of; to be divided into; comprehensive curriculum; pure (applied) science; standard of knowledge and ability. 11. Answer the questions.   1) Where do young people of Russia get higher education? 2) After what stage of education can people enter higher institutions? 3) What competition is there usually at our higher schools? 4) What kind of young people are admitted to institutes? 5) What opportunities have those young people who have failed to become full-time students? 6) What kind of higher institutions are there in Russia for the people who want to combine their work with study? 7) What privilege have evening and extramural students? 8) How long does the course of study run? 9) When do students have exams? 10) What curriculum have our higher schools? 11) How is the graduates’ standard of knowledge checked up? 12. Put questions to the sentences. Young people enter higher schools after leaving secondary schools. (When…?) There are from two to ten applicants for each vacancy at various higher schools. (How many…?) In our university the course of study lasts five years. (How long…?) A student submits his graduation project at the end of study. (What…?) After graduation the graduates get diplomas. (When…?) 13. Give English equivalents for the following word-combinations and use them in the sentences of your own. высшее образование, вуз, поступить в институт, три претендента на одно место, сдать конкурсные экзамены, иметь возможность получить высшее образование, зачислять (быть зачисленным) в институт, получать стипендию, сочетать работу с учебой, бесплатный, высшее учебное заведение, дополнительно оплачиваемый отпуск, учебный год, в конце семестра, состоять из, делиться на, теоретические и прикладные науки, специальный предмет, защитить проект. 14. Read the text about the University you study at.  The Technical University was founded as the Omsk Machine-Building Institute in the years of the Great Patriotic War (1942). Originally it was the Voroshilovogradskyi evening Machine Building Institute evacuated to Omsk in the first months of the war. At the time of its foundation the institute had only one Faculty: the mechanical-engineering. The first 25 engineers graduated from this faculty in 1947. The first rector of the institute was Leonid Veniaminovich Zak.During World War II instructors and students took part in military actions. In 1993 the Institute became Omsk State Technical University with 12 Faculties, 12000 students, 740 professors and instructors. The rector of the university is Victor Vladimirivich Shalai. Omsk State Technical University has become one of the leading educational institutions in the Western Siberian Region. It is alma mater for thousands of professionals who work at industrial enterprises of Siberian region now. The University has 3 institutes (Machine Building Institute, Petrochemical Institute, Energy Institute), 7 faculties (Humanities Faculty, Information Technologies and Computer Systems Faculty, Radio Engineering Faculty, Transport Oil and Gas Faculty, Economics and Management Faculty, Extramural and Distance Learning Faculty, Faculty for Pre-University Training), 600 instructors, 14000 students, 8 buildings, Sport centers, 8 Dormitories, Publishing House, Medical Center, Sport Camp. The University has a Military Faculty that trains students in 5 military specialties with giving reserved lieutenancy. The training at the military department is carried out both on budgeted and contractual basis. The term of studies is 2,5 years starting from the second year of training at the university. Besides the University has the faculty “the Interpreter in the Field of Professional Communication” attached to the chair of the Foreign languages. Students have an opportunity to get two higher educations simultaneously. Besides, the students who speak poor English can attend the courses for beginners.  There are over 50 Doctors of Science and 360 Doctors of Philosophy working at the University. Special attention is also paid to the system approach to improving the training-&-educational process and radical improving the content of education. On the basis of the comparative analysis of curricula worked out by the leading higher educational institutions the new curricula have been elaborated. Using these curricula the university has been training students giving them the following three degrees - a bachelor (term of training is 4 years), a specialist (5 years) and a master (6 years). The university is persistent in introducing the computer and telecommunication technologies in the educational process. The university steadily develops distance training. The inseparable part of the system for continuous engineering training at the university is a structure of the after-university training. Post-Graduate Study is available for persons who got Higher Education. Both Full-time (3 years) and extramural (4 years) courses are possible. 15. Complete the following sentences using the text. 1) The Technical University was founded as… 2) Originally it was… 3) The first 25 engineers … from this faculty in 1947. 4) In 1993 the Institute became… 5) OSTU has become … in the Western Siberian Region. 6) It is alma mater… 7) The University has … 8) There are over… working at the University. 9) …to the system approach to improving the training-&-educational process and radical improving the content of education. 10) Using these curricula … students giving them the following three degrees -… (term of training is 4 years), … (5 years) and … (6 years). 11) The university is persistent in… 12) The university steadily develops… 13) The … of the system for continuous engineering training at the university is a structure of the… 14) …is available for persons who got Higher Education. 15) Both … (3 years) and … (4 years) courses are possible. 16. Give equivalents to the following sentences. 1) The Technical University was founded as the Omsk Machine-Building Institute in the years of the Great Patriotic War (1942). 2) In 1993 the Institute became Omsk State Technical University with 12 Faculties, 12000 students, 740 professors and instructors. 3) Omsk State Technical University has become one of the leading educational institutions in the Western Siberian Region. 4) The University has 3 institutes (Machine Building Institute, Petrochemical Institute, Energy Institute), 7 faculties (Humanities Faculty, Information Technologies and Computer Systems Faculty, Radio Engineering Faculty, Transport Oil and Gas Faculty, Economics and Management Faculty, Extramural and Distance Learning Faculty, Faculty for Pre-University Training), 600 instructors, 14000 students, 8 buildings, Sport centers, 8 Dormitories, Publishing House, Medical Center, Sport Camp. 5) The University has a Military Faculty that trains students in 5 military specialties with giving reserved lieutenancy. 6) Besides the University has the faculty “the Interpreter in the Field of Professional Communication” attached to the chair of the Foreign languages. 7) Using these curricula the university has been training students giving them the following three degrees - a bachelor (term of training is 4 years), a specialist (5 years) and a master (6 years). 8) The inseparable part of the system for continuous engineering training at the university is a structure of the after-university training. 9) Both Full-time (3 years) and extramural (4 years) courses are possible. 17.Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations using the text. 1) был основан, 2) Омский машиностроительный институт, 3) Ворошиловоградский вечерний машиностроительный институт, 4) факультет, 5) заканчивать факультет, 6) ректор, 7) преподаватели, 8) образовательное учреждение, 9) альма-матер, 10) специалисты, 11) промышленные предприятия, 12) машиностроительный институт, 13) нефтехимический институт, 14) энергетический институт, 15) гуманитарный факультет, 16) факультет информационных технологий и компьютерных систем, 17) радиотехнический факультет, 18) факультет транспорта нефти и газа, 19) факультет экономики и управления, 20) факультет заочного и дистанционного обучения, 21) факультет довузовской подготовки, 22) факультет «переводчик в сфере профессиональной коммуникации», 23) военная кафедра, 24) лейтенант запаса, 25) обучение, 26) осуществляться, 27) бюджетная основа, 28) договорная основа, 29) семестр, 30) одновременно, 31) корпус, 32) общежитие, 33) издательство, 34) доктор наук, 35) кандидат наук, 36) системный подход, 37) улучшение учебно-воспитательного процесса, 38) бакалавр, специалист, магистр, 39) дистанционное обучение, 40) аспирантура, 41) дневное обучение, 42) заочное обучение. 18. Make up sentences using the following words:   1) in 1942, was founded, the Technical University, as the Omsk Machine-Building Institute. 2) one of the leading educational institutions, Omsk State Technical University, in the Western Siberian Region, has become. 3) for thousands, it is alma mater of professionals, of Siberian region, who work at industrial enterprises, now. 4) the University, that trains , has, with giving reserved lieutenancy, in 5 military specialties, a Military Faculty. 5) is, 2,5 years, from the second year, starting, of training at the university, the term of studies. 6) simultaneously, students, to get two higher educations, have an opportunity. 7) working at the University, and 360 Doctors of Philosophy, there are, 50 Doctors of Science, over. 8) is also paid, to improving the training-&-educational process, special attention, and radical improving the content of education, to the system approach. 9) the university, using these curricula, giving them the following three degrees, a bachelor (term of training is 4 years), has been training students, a specialist (5 years) and a master (6 years). 10) the computer and telecommunication technologies, the university, in introducing, in the educational process, is persistent. 11) develops, the university, distance training, steadily. 12) for persons, Post-Graduate Study, who got Higher Education, is available. 13) are possible, and extramural (4 years) courses, both Full-time (3 years). 19. Answer the following questions. 1) When was the Omsk Technical University founded? 2) Which faculty was the first one? 3) In what year the Institute became Omsk State Technical University? 4) Who can call the OSTU their alma mater? 5) How many institutes and faculties does the University have? Name them. 6) Does the University have a military faculty? What can you say about the training in this faculty? 7) What faculty attached to the chair of the Foreign Languages does the University have? 8) What can you say about the teaching stuff of the University? 9) Which degrees does the University give the students? 10) Is Post-Graduate Study available to the students? 11) Which courses are possible? 20. Read the text about the higher education in Great Britain and be ready to answer the questions. Higher Education in Great Britain  There are about 90 universities in Britain. They are divided into three types: the old universities (Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh Universities), the 19th universities such as London and Manchester, and the new universities. Universities accept students mainly on the basis of their “A” level results, although they may interview them as well. At present, students who have been accepted by universities or other institutions of higher education receive a grant from their local authority, which covers the cost of the course. A university consists of a number of faculties: divinity, medicine, arts (philosophy), law, music, natural sciences, economics, engineering, agriculture, etc. After three years of study a university graduate gets the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, Science, Engineering, etc. Later he may proceed to the Degree of Master and then a Doctor’s Degree. The first post-graduate degree is that of Master, conferred for a thesis based on at least one year’s full-time work. Everywhere the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy is given for a thesis, which is an original contribution to knowledge. Research is an important feature of university work. Colleges of Education provide two-year courses in teacher education or sometimes three years if the graduate specializes in some particular subject. Some of those who decide to leave school at the age of 16 may go to a further education college where they can follow a course in typing, engineering, town planning, cooking, full-time or part-time. Further education colleges have strong ties with commerce and industry. In 1971 the Open University was started. Nearly all students are studying part-time. The Open University's style of teaching is called “supported open learning”, also known as “distance learning”. Your course may use any of the following different media that you will use from home (or wherever you choose to study): printed course materials, set books, audio cassettes, video cassettes, TV programmes, cd-rom/software, web site. 21. Answer these questions. 1) What are the three types of universities in Great Britain? 2) What is necessary to go on to higher education? 3) What grants do students receive? 4) Differentiate between the first, the second and the highest degrees given after the graduation from a university. What is necessary for getting these degrees? 5) What other institutions of higher education are there in Great Britain? 22. Read the text and try to understand all the details. Differences in the organization of education in Britain and America lead to different terms. One crucial word, school, is used in overlapping but different ways. A place of education for young children is a school in both varieties. But the word school in B.E. is never used to refer to a university or other college of higher education. A student graduates from an American high school; a pupil (never student) leaves a British secondary school. To graduate is possible only from a university or college in British usage; graduating entails taking a degree. British universities have 3 terms; American universities have 2 semesters (or 4 quarters). Usually a British university student takes 3 years to get his degree; these are known as the first, second and final years. An American university student typically takes 3 or 4 years, known as a freshman, sophomore, junior and senior years. While he is studying, the American majors in a particular subjects, but also takes electives. The British student usually takes a main and subsidiary subjects. The British term honours degree signifies that the student specializes in one main subject, perhaps with one subsidiary. The American student earns credits for successfully completing a number of self-contained courses of study, the credits eventually reaching the total needed to receive a degree. The British student who has already taken the first degree (usually a B.A. or B.Sc. except in Scottish universities) is a post-graduate. The American equivalent is a graduate. In American universities those who teach are known as the faculty. In Britain they are the staff (academic staff). Copy the table in your notebook and fill it in.
Speech Practice 24. Look through the dialogues given below and make up your own dialogue on the following situation: a foreign student wants to know as much as possible about the system of higher education in Russia. -1- - My name is Dmitry. I study at the Omsk Technical University. - By the way, are the graduates of Russian universities or institutes given a degree? - No, they are not. The system of scientific degrees in our country is different. The graduates are given diplomas, which are actually the same as the British first degree (degree of bachelor). -Do students in Russia pay tuition? - No, almost all forms of education in our country are free (of charge). Students of higher and secondary specialized education establishments get grants. Though nowadays there are a lot of new educational forms where tuition is paid by the students. - What’s the course at Russian universities, institutes and academies? - In most of higher education establishments it’s 5 years. -2- - Is there a system of further education in Russia for those adults who work after leaving school? - For these people almost every university and institute has evening and extramural departments. - Do such students attend lectures and if so, how often do they come? - Students of the evening departments attend lectures four times a week. As to the extramural students, they have classes before examinations. 25. Discuss the following problems in two groups, one of them supporting the statements given below, the other – disproving them. Read pros and cons in the tables. Think of some more, which are important in your opinion.  It is necessary for a future engineer to study a foreign language.
2) If a young man has a family of his owns he had better enter an extramural faculty, not a full-time one.
  To express your opinion: I think…; Speaking for myself…; I believe…; I suppose…; I’m sure; In my opinion… To agree with somebody: Yes, I agree (with you); That’s true; I think so too; You are quite right. To disagree with somebody: On the other hand…; I don’t agree (with you); It’s not (entirely) true; I don’t think so. 26. Express your opinion answering the questions.   1) Why do young people enter high schools? 2) What can you say about the curriculum of your higher school? Give your examples. 3) What is more difficult: to be a full-time or a part-time student? Give your reasons. 4) Do you think there are a lot of opportunities for the young people in our country to get higher education? Give your examples. 27. Speak on the university you study at. Check list to module 2 1. Where do young people of Russia get higher education? 2. What competition is there usually at our higher schools? 3. What opportunities have those young people who have failed to become full-time students? 4. What kind of higher institutions are there in Russia for the people who want to combine their work with study? 5. What privilege have evening and extramural students? 6. How long does the course of study run? 7. What curriculum have our higher schools? 1 8. Which faculty was the first one? 9. In what year the Institute became Omsk State Technical University? 10. What can you say about the teaching stuff of the University? 11. Which degrees does the University give the students? 12. Is Post-Graduate Study available to the students? 13. What are the three types of universities in Great Britain? 14. What grants do students receive? 15. What other institutions of higher education are there in Great Britain? Module III The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |