английский за проф направлением. Укладач Триполець В.І. Рецензенти
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V. Supplement 1. Fill in the first part of the table.
2. Fill in the second part of the table after reading the medication summaries. 3. Compare your ideas with your partner's. Text 1 DIC (Diclofenac) Composition
Description DIC (Diclofenac) is a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic properties. It also has some uricosuric1 effect. Diclofenac inhibits cyclo-oxygenase activity with a reduction in the tissue production of prostaglandins such as PgF2 and PgE2. The anti-inflammatory effect, measured in the adjuvant induced arthritis model is greater than that of aspirin and similar to indomethacin. Indications
Contraindications Active or suspected peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding. Previous sensitivity to diclofenac sodium. Asthmatic patients in whom attacs of asthma, urticaria or acute rhinitis are precipitated by aspirin or other NSAID's possessing prostaglandin synthetase inhibiting activity. Dosage and adminstration a) Oral. For symptomatic relief of rheumatoid arthritis, the usual daily dosage is 150 to 200 mg given in two to four divided doses. For osteoarthritis, 100 to 150 mg is given daily in two or three divided doses. For ankylosing spondylitis, 100 to 125 mg is given daily in four or five divided doses. b) Parenteral. 75 mg i.m. 1—2 times daily by deep intragluteal injection for 2—3 days. Precautions DIC (Diclofenac) may be used cautiously in patients with history of dyspepsia5, or other g.i. disorders, blood coagulation disorders, severe hepatic or renal disease. Perform blood counts during long-term therapy. Safety in pregnancy, lactation and children has not been established. Presentation DIC tablets of 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg are available in pack of 10's and in bulk pack of 1000's. DIC injection is available in clear glass ampoules of 3 ml. Notes: 1uricosuric — засіб, що допомагає виведенню сечової кислоти 2tendonitis — тендиніт (дистрофія тканини сухожилля) 3sprain — розтягнення зв'язок 4spondylitis — спондиліт (запалення всіх або деяких структурних елементів хребта) 5dyspepsia — диспепсія (розлад травлення) 4.Answer the following questions.
Text 2 PANADOL EXTRA SOLUBLE TABLETS Description Panadol Extra Soluble contains an additional ingredient to provide extra relief from pain and is based on paracetamol which is gentle on the stomach. This special Panadol Extra Soluble tablets formulation is absorbed into the bloodstream faster than conventional tablets to provide fast and effective pain relief. Each effervescent tablet contains Paracetamol Ph.Eur. 500 mg and Caffeine Ph.Eur. 65 mg. Indications Panadol Extra Soluble is suitable for headache, migraine, backache, rheumatic and muscle pains, neuralgia, toothache and period pains. Panadol Extra Soluble also relieves discomfort in colds, influenza, sore throats and helps to reduce temperature. Panadol Extra Soluble contains no aspirin. Dosage Adults: 2 tablets dissolved in at least half a tumblerful of water up to 4 times daily.
c) Panadol Extra Soluble should only be given to children under 12 years of age on medical advice. Cautionary notes Do not exceed the stated dose. If symptoms persist, consult your doctor. Avoid drinking too much tea or coffee while taking this product. For professional advice on medicines consult your pharmacist. Keep out of the reach of children. Store below 30°C. Answer the following questions.
IX. Історія розвитку медицина та фармації в Європі та Україні. IX. Історія розвитку медицина та фармації в Європі та Україні. 34. Development of Pharmacy and Medicine in Europe. Розвиток фармації і медицини в Європі. I. Vocabulary 1. Learn the topical vocabulary. Holy Rome — Святий Рим; materia medica (лат.) — медичні науки; adulterateddrugs— лікарськи (речовини) з домішками; dispensingassistant— рецептар; whowererecruitedfromapothecaries— котрі набиралися з аптекарів; unliketheapothecaries' shops, thechemists' shopsenjoyedprotection — на відміну від старих аптек, аптеки, що відкриті коледжем лікарів, були під захистом; decree of Peter I — наказ Петра I; hospital chemist's — аптекив лікарнях; private chemist's — приватні аптеки. 2. Learn the word definitions. Chronicle (noun) — a record of events that happened in the past, in the order of which they happened. Chronicle (verb) — to make a record of events in the order in which they happened. 3. Match the words/word combinations and their translations. A. 1. integral part 1. незалежна галузь
В. 1. до 12-го сторіччя 1. special pharmaceutical training 2. спеціальна фармацевтична освіта 2. the duty of a pharmacist 3. лише медицину 3. could inspect 4. швидко набрав сили 4. permitted practice of medicine 5. могли перевіряти 5. remained assistants 6. дозволив практикувати медицину 6. was a great success 7. залишались помічниками 7. till the twelfth century 8. мала великий успіх 8. only medicine 9. не була ухвалена парламентом 9. rapidly gathered power 10. обов'язок фармацевта 10. was not adopted by the Parliament II. Reading 1. Read the text, write out all the dates you come across and:
DEVELOPMENT OF PHARMACY IN EUROPE Till the 12th century pharmacy was an integral part of medicine. The era of the Egyptian school of medicine was followed by the Greek, Roman and Arabian periods. Each period of development of medicine contributed to the store of medical knowledge by 1000 A.D. came to British Isles across Europe. Pharmacy, as an independent branch of medicine was bom in Europe in 1240 when the Emperor of Holy Rome separated pharmacy from medicine. However, there was no special pharmaceutical training at the time. Till late seventeenth and even eighteenth century, the universities taught their students materia medi-ca. The pharmacists attending European universities from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century studied only medicine. The duty of a pharmacist was to prepare and sell medicines and to help the doctor. In Great Britain assistants to the physicians were called apothecaries. English apothecaries had no organization of their own. In 1518 the College of Physicians was founded and rapidly gathered power and prestige so much so that in 1560, the physicians could inspect the apothecary's shops and destroy any adulterated drags found there. The Medical Act of 1540 permitted practice of medicine by any person having the experience, or knowledge of herbs, roots, or waters. It was necessary because the physicians were very few in number. The apothecaries could now dispense medicines. However they remained assistants to physicians. Only rich people could come to physicians for help and the poor usually went to the apothecary's shops. In 1623 the apothecaries opened a manufacturing laboratory which produced galenical preparations. This was necessary, in their opinion, because the drags sold were often adulterated. The laboratory was a great success and in 1671 it developed into a real chemical plant. The apothecaries had the right to dispense medicines. The success of the apothecaries did not please the physicians and the College of Physicians opened their own shop where medicines were mixed and sold and called it "dispensary" in 1697. The apothecaries were not trained in treating the sick people and became unwanted members of the medical profession. In the dispensary of the College of Physicians the work of compounding and dispensing was performed by "dispensing assistants" who were recruited from apothecaries. The dispensary assistants opened shops and became the dispensing chemists. Unlike the apothecaries' shops, the chemists' shops enjoyed the protection of the dispensing chemists increased. In 1774 the General Pharmaceutical Associations of Great Britain was formed by the apothecaries but was not adopted by Parliament. The fight continued till in 1841 the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain was newly formed as an organization which aimed to establish the position of the chemists and apothecaries as a rightful makers and suppliers of medicines and the true representatives of the scientific profession of pharmacy. In the years that followed the importance of the pharmacist was demonstrated by an increasing number of prescriptions and greater number of pharmaceutists. In Russia pharmacy as a branch of science started its development since the decree of Peter I in the eighteenth century. According to the decree pharmacists got special training at the hospital chemists' and private chemists'. Some of them had practice at the chemists' orchards (gardens). The pupils studied botany and had practice of pharmacy at the hospital chemists'. At the end of their study they had an examinations for the title of a pharmacist and chemist assistant. Pharmacy is now made possible by organized pharmaceutical education, pharmaceutical research and pharmaceutical industry. 2. Finish the chronicle. The Chronicle of Pharmacy Development in Europe till the 12th century Pharmacy was an integral part of medicine. 1240 Pharmacy was separated from medicine by the Emperor of Holy Rome. 1518 The College of Physicians was founded. 1540 ---------------------------------------------------- 3. Work with a partner and complete the diagrams using the words from the box. Decide which words mean good things and which mean bad ones.
materia medica    hospitals the only representatives of medical profession Treat rich people               4. Study the information on how to write argumentative essays. 1.Useful tips for argumentative essays:
2. Outline: expressing arguments for and against a topic: Introduction: Introduce the subject of the essay. State why it is an important issue at the present time. Main body: 1. Present arguments in favour of the statement. 2. Present arguments against the statement. Conclusion: Conclude by giving a well-balanced consideration. 5. Write a 120—180 word argumentative essay What was better: to be an apothecary or a physician 200—300 years ago? Discuss the topic. III. Supplement 1. Read and discuss the text. DE VELOPMENT OF PHARMA CYAND MEDICINE IN EUROPE Pharmacy was born in old times when people started to search for remedies for ailment treatment. First European pharmacies appeared in 1100 in monasteries. Monks prepared remedies and supplied them to those who needed them free of charge. At the same time first prescriptions were created and they began with the words "Good luck". 100 years later first city pharmacies were opened in Venice. Specialists for those pharmacies were trained in accordance with widely accepted scheme: pupil — apprentice — master. Such a training process took 10—15 years (depending on the abilities of each person). Until the end of the 9th century there were no pharmacies in Europe (pharmacies as commercial entities) where a customer could order some remedies. So, people made their own "medicines" collecting and processing minerals and other ingredients. The earliest ever found Pharmacopoeia Articles for different medicines were created and collected by monastery scientists. But monastic schools (where a pharmacist was a therapist, a surgeon, a pharmacist and a professor combined) had no such scientific opportunities as offered by popular universities in Oxford, Salamanca, Prague, Heidelberg and other European cities. So, in the 13th century those Universities were at the height of their fame. In the 15th century the term "provisor" (from Latin providere — to provide for) appeared for the first time. The first proper pharmacopoeia was launched in 1581 in Spain. Hundreds of private and polytechnic schools were opened throughout Europe, often headed or owned by pharmacists. The first educational establishments with a proper pharmaceutics course were opened in Montpelier (France), Padua, and Barcelona in the middle of the 16th century. The most complete reference books about the creation of pharmacies and pharmaceutical management were issued at the turn of the 19* century. At the same time pharmacist associations were founded in Paris (Societe Libre des Pharmaciens), in Berlin (Obercollegium Medicum et Sanitatis) in 1796, and in London (The Royal Apothecary School) in 1842. The practice of pharmacist training at universities was first introduced in France and England at the beginning of the 19th century. First of all the training was aimed at gaining knowledge and practical skills in preparation and use of medicines, but later educational courses started to include more theoretical subjects. This may be explained by the fact that in the course of the following decade pharmacies gradually lost their manufacturing functions and were more concentrated on selling medicines and advising patients. 2.Find in the text the English translations of the following words/word combinations. Підмайстер, організація, припустимий метод, лікарський засіб (ліки), майстер, виробництво, рецепти, хвороба, розквіт, виготовляти ліки, у відповідності до, провізор, хірург, створення аптек.
In that case, just in case, that way, any other way. |