ГУСЬКОВА (1). 1. Инфинитив в функции определения
 Скачать 1.41 Mb.
|
|
97 It was at this time, that major money center banks from New York to Hong Kong accepted, perhaps unwittingly, the responsibility of recy cling the world's excess liquidity. Although it was Germany which had led a financial rescue opera tion earlier in the year, it was, ironically, the relationship with Germany which had probably done more to undermine Turkey's economic stability than any other single factor. But because of government controls on the domestic price, it is in the export field that the coal divisions of the leading mining houses har vest the profits that have made them star performers in recent years. As foreign minister of Spain, his sweetest moment was convening, in 1995, the only conference ever attended by the European Union, Israel 4-553 and most of its Arab adversaries. It is the sort of circle-squaring that he thrives on. It is the strength of the peoples that can ensure a world without war, without arms, a world of our dreams. Like many older people around the world, Singapores feel the young have had it easy, and take their present good fortune for granted. What's it like being rich, unemployed and hungry for a new job? Their mission was to help researchers answer one of life's most vexing questions: why is it that some people can eat as much as they want and stay thin, while others get fatter with every cookie they swallow? If it's a success, it will never be forgotten. If it's a failure, we'll never be forgiven. It was the failure either to coordinate these Ministries successfully, or to present an intelligent picture of their activities to the electorate, which was the chief weakness of the previous Cabinet. The share of imports in Britain's consumption of manufactured and semi-manufactured goods increased greatly over the past ten years. It was this growth which alarmed the Government and business last year1 when the expansion of imports had a severe effect on the balance of pay ments. // was not until the emergence of the women's suffrage movement in the I840s-50s that feminist ideas reached a wider audience, in the form of so-called «first-wave feminism.» It won't be until the end of the congressional session, 10 months from now, that the United States will know what actually can be cut from the budget — and at whose expense. But then it will be up to the presi dent and Congress to set taxes to meet public responsibilities, and not the other way around. The corporation has said earlier that it will not negotiate until normal working is resumed. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) wants India to deploy nuclear weapons. It hopes that, as long as it does not conduct a fresh nuclear test, it will not be subject to international sanctions. II. One Слово one выступает в качестве числительного и в качестве местоимения. В качестве местоимения оно может выполнять функцию подлежащего неопределенно-личного предложения. One can easily understand peoples' aspirations for world peace. Легко понять стремление народов к миру во всем мире. Слово one выступает также в качестве слова-заместителя, которое употребляется вместо существительного, упомянутого ранее (one для единственного числа и ones для множественного числа). На русский язык one переводится тем существительным, которое оно заменяет, либо совсем не переводится, если смысл предложения ясен и без него. The economic crisis is now being compounded by a political one. Сейчас экономический кризис осложняется и политическим (кризисом). Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения. But if one has any sense of U.S. history, one has to believe that both the corporations and the president whose program they are so enthusiasti cally promoting are on somewhat shaky ground. President of the Association of American Colleges said: «We might begin to define the educated person as one who can overcome the defi ciencies in our educational system». The winner will be the one whom the voters don't want less than they don't want his opponent. In old age there is a deep and different sense about human beings and situations, one that just isn't possible when one is younger. 5. Dealers in coca or cocaine have their own reasons for palm- greasing, and also finance cross-border trade in other goods as one way of laundering their profits. When one hears such thoughtless declarations, one must realize that one has to face here a fundamental misconception. Discretion is another necessary quality one finds highly developed in interpreters. They often participate in the most confidential and far- reaching discussions, and delegates must feel that they can speak freely. Economic dependence upon a foreign country is also a major obsta cle to growth although one that is not always obvious and easily defin able. Ministers and Tory Spokesmen have been vague, either referring to maintaining existing powers or ensuring that any replacement House is at least as independent as the existing one. 10. Brazilians see their land, usually rightly, as a gentle one, untrou bled by war or ethnic strife. 98 99 Although Europe produces more films than America, Europeans want to watch American ones. Democratic Presidents are as reluctant as Republican ones to for malize a consultative process on Capitol Hill that the White House might not be able to control. Of all candidates, the one who comes most closely to the people's interests is the one with the least apparent chance of winning the nomina tion. For those who see East Asia's crisis primarily as one of panic, these market-reinforcing reforms mostly miss the point. Far more urgent is the need to control the capital flows themselves. The notion that there is a distinctively East Asian political form is a less familiar owe. None of the new men in Brazil's cabinet in fact looks any worse than the one he has replaced. The new industry minister is as protectionist as his predecessor but far more polished. As the Cuban missile crisis tapes from the Kennedy White House^ show, presidents have understood that the use of nuclear weapons mus|f be the option of the last resort, and even then, one that is all but unthink able. His name has been mentioned as a possible future president of the European Commission. This would be welcomed by America, which spent the cold war keeping a watchful eye on Europe's socialists and knows which ones it likes. The agency has required.companies that want to build a major new installation or modify an existing one to install the best available pollu tion control devices. If the endless devolution of power has a drawback, it is one of ac countability. III. That Слово that может выступать в качестве: 1. указательного местоимения. В этом случае оно всегда стоит перед существительным и на русский язык переводится соответствующими указательными местоимениями: тот, та, этот и т. д. A joint fiscal decision-making mechanism for the EU will not be called a confederation but it will be a major step in that direction. Общий механизм принятия решений в области налогообложения для Европейского Союза не будет называться конфедерацией, но он будет серьезным шагом в этом направлении. 2. союза, вводящего придаточные предложения, дополнительные и предикативные. На русский язык переводится соответствующими союзами: что, чтобы,... Voters in the EU are starting to notice that their national governments have less and less to do. Избиратели в ЕС начинают замечать, что у их национальных правительств остается все меньше и меньше функций. 3. союзного слова, вводящего придаточное определительное предложение. На русский язык переводится соответствующими со юзными словами: который, которая и т. д. Some voters, notably in Germany, are growing unhappy with a EU's budget that leaves them paying in much more than they get out. Некоторые избиратели, особенно в Германии, все больше и больше недовольны бюджетом ЕС, в который они должны отдавать больше, чем получать (из него). 4. слова-заместителя, которое употребляется вместо существи тельного или группы слов, упомянутых раньше (that для единствен ного числа, those для множественного числа). На русский язык пе реводится заменяемым существительным или соответствующим личным или относительным местоимением. Increasingly, New York's style of policing is being contrasted unfavourably with that of other cities, particularly Boston. Стиль работы полиции в Нью-Йорке все больше сравнивается, и не в пользу Нью-Йорка, со стилем работы полиции в других городах, в частности в Бостоне. Примечание. Сочетание с наречием now that означает теперь, когда; сочетание not that переводится не то. чтобы. Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения. It is clear that continental voters are no longer content to be run by those who tolerate fraud, incompetence and nepotism. There is now a recognition [in Singapore] that history is best not 100 101 paved over: that it is part of a sense of patriotism and national identity — qualities the government certainly does want to inculcate. 3. Reforms are hard to do at national level, but one virtue of the euro is that it imposes obligations at a European level which countries can use as a pressure to force domestic changes. 4. The unprecedented destructive power of modern means of warfare 'demands that the main actions should be directed towards preventing war. One trouble with EU as a whole is that what served a club of six or nine well enough no longer looks adequate for a club of 15. Let alone one of 2Q or 25, especially one with so many responsibilities. Tuition fees were introduced by the Blair government. The argu ment is that money is needed to finance the expansion of the higher edu cation system and that students should contribute to the cost of an educa tion that will benefit them financially in later life. Industry executives said an «Intel» endorsement could have a big impact on a market that has taken off slowly, because the company helps define PC specifications and sells about 85 million chips a year. The American Medical Association's decision to fire the editor of its leading scientific journal exploded into a collision between medicine and US politics that reflects the 152-year-old organization's struggle to find its role in the rapidly changing health-care system. The big surprise isn't that the companies (in China) are doing badly but that they are admitting it. The European Commission has asked Japan to relax some restric tions on banking activities that it feels are hindering the growth of foreign banks' business in Japan, Commission sources said Monday. The report estimated that there were more than 4,000 foreign companies, which do not trade in Britain, that enjoy virtual taxfree status. As Prof. T. sees it, there are two related problems that the interna tional financial community must soon address. Last week, the Greek government announced a series of air traffic control measures that are expected to facilitate Turkish flights over the Aegean. The proposed amendment is a fake. When the political will exists to balance the budget, it will be balanced. When that will does not exist, there are innumerable ways to make an unbalanced budget appear bal anced. Childhood is the only,time and place that grows larger as it is left behind. East Asia's current woes are in large part the price of its previous success — and that success itself has been much misunderstood. This survey will debunk many old myths about it, including the belief that all these economies are highly flexible and well-governed, and that high investment is always a sign of strength. But the biggest myth of all is that of a single Asian economic model. The saddest thing about the budget fudge is that it brought to an end a fortnight in which Europe suddenly seemed to be making progress, ridding itself of a tired commission and agreeing smartly on a heavy weight reformer, Italy's ex-premier to run the new one. « The weakness of the European [film] industry was that it was based on a core fantasy, which is that there was a group of artists that could put together a rather expensive product and hope that somewhere out there it might find an audience.» (David Puttnam). These political shenanigans have postponed for another few weeks voting on a crucial one of those reforms: that of pensions. Stressing that the salaries were not as high as those paid «in cer tain sections of industry», Deputy Leader of the House said that the Power Minister had referred to the possibility of a review of salaries in other nationalized industries. For the few that have ruled modern Japan the political struggle that really counted was that carried on among themselves for wealth and power. The depressing economic news out of China has been building for months, so that when China recently announced a 7.8 per cent annual GDP growth rate, even its Prime Minister admitted thatthe figure lacked credibility because of bogus reporting at the local level. Britain has been enviably stable. But that is because it has been governed pragmatically, by politicians prepared to adapt the system in re sponse to popular pressure — for example in the series of reform acts, which widened the franchise and ushered in mass democracy. Japan's central bank has the power to buy up the country's entire national debt, if necessary, and pay for it with new currency and bank re serves. That would be wildly inflationary of course. But it makes the point that low interest rates do not make a central bank helpless. That devolution will allow different political cultures to flourish was evident even at the formal oath-taking by members of the Scottish Parliament. Iran offered itself as a «safe bridge» between the Caspian and the Gulf, but oil companies rejected that, preferring to create routes through Russia and Georgia to the Black Sea. Though he gets more credit for radical reform than he deserves, 102 103 that is very much the sort of work that governments want to have done now at the European Commission. The complaint that the French judiciary is under the thumb of whatever government may be in power is scarcely new. According to le gal historians, it is a complaint that goes back for centuries — at least to the time of Louis XIV, whose ministers centralized the legal system, sub ordinating local and church law to that emanating from the royal court. The European Union, now that it has launched its common cur rency, is due next to forge a common foreign and security policy. Now that Mr Gingrich has announced that he will leave the speak- ership and Congress, Ms Dunn has decided to gamble her own leadership post. , He resigned as Secretary of State last May. It was not that he disa greed with the President, although that might have been enough. It was that his judgement on a critical policy matter was rejected. § 10. МНОГОЗНАЧНЫЕ И ТРУДНЫЕ ДЛЯ ПЕРЕВОДА СЛОВА 1. Существительные и прилагательные Известную трудность при переводе представляют многозначные слова. Полисемантизм вообще характерен для английского языка, и нужно все время иметь в виду, что любое казалось бы хорошо знакомое слово в зависимости от контекста может иметь совсем иное значение. Так например: 1. power имеет следующие значения: 1) держава, государство; 2) сила, мощь; 3) власть, могущество; 4) (мн. ч.) полномочия; 5) энергия. В сочетании с предлогом in приобретает адвербиальное значение: \)у власти; 2) в состоянии. According to the UN Charter the important task of maintaining peace lies mainly with the great powers. В соответствии с Уставом ООН важная задача поддержания мира лежит на великих державах. They have mastered sufficient sea, air and land power to win back that territory. Они собрали достаточные морские, воздушные и сухопутные силы, чтобы отвоевать эту территорию. Who sits in a second chamber is secondary to its functions and powers. Вопрос о том, кто входит во вторую палату [Британского 104 парламента] вторичен по отношению к ее функциям и полномочиям. 2.case имеет следующие значения: 1) случай, обстоятельство, положение, дело; 2) факты, доказательства, доводы (в пользу ко го-л. или чего-л.); 3) судебное дело; 4) (мед.) случай, пациент, ране ный и ряд других значений. В зависимости от контекста слово case может переводиться также следующими словами: вопрос, момент, прецедент и др. (in case в случае; it is not the case этонетак; as was the case какэтобыло). The executive of the National Union of Steel Metal Workers has passed the case back to the local officials to resolve. Исполком национального союза металлургов вернул дело (вопрос) на рассмотрение местной администрации. The case will be tried in the law court next week. Дело будет*рас-сматриваться в суде на следующей неделе. An epidemic of the grippe broke out in England. The first cases were immediately sent to hospital. В Англии вспыхнула эпидемия гриппа. Первых заболевших сразу же отправили в больницу. 3. record имеет следующие значения: 1) запись, летопись, исто рия; 2) протокол (заседания), официальный документ, запись, от чет; 3) характеристика, репутация; послужной список; 4) факты, данные; достижения; 5) рекорд, рекордный уровень; 6) грампла стинка; 7) позиция. The General Assembly should transmit to the States concerned the record of the discussion of the item at that session. Генеральной Ассамблее следует передать заинтересованным государствам протокол обсуждения этого пункта на той сессии. The delegation wished to go on record that they viewed with great concern this act of overt aggression. Делегация высказала пожелание официально зафиксировать свою позицию о том, что она с глубокой озабоченностью рассматривает этот акт открытой агрессии. According to New Orleans police records, they were detained at the request of the FBI Согласно данным (материалам, досье) полиции Нового Орлеана, они были задержаны по требованию ФБР. 105 4. pattern может переводиться на русский язык следующими словами: 1) образец, пример; 2) система; 3) путь; 4) характерное явление, характер; 5) форма, схема, шаблон, модель; 6) формула. Antitrust experts say that the government is trying to show a pattern of illegal behavior by Microsoft over years. Эксперты по антимонопольной политике говорят, что правительство пытается на примере « Микрософта» показать схему незаконной деятельности компании на протяжении ряда лет. Turkey's pattern of development since 1948 cannot be explained only as a drive for self-sufficiency. Путь (характер) развития Турции с 1948 года нельзя объяснить одним лишь стремлением к экономической самостоятельности. 5. office может переводиться на русский язык следующими сло вами: 1) служба, должность; 2) обязанность, долг, функция; 3) власть; 4) аппарат, контора; 5) ведомство, министерство; 6) пост; 7) in office >> власти и др. Ft is true that much of the political debate in Parliament is a sham fight. It is also true that the real distinction of point of view often seems to be between those in office and those out of office. Действительно, большая часть политических дебатов в Парламенте представляет собой показную борьбу. Но правда и то, что реальный раздел точек зрения, кажется, проходит между теми, кто у власти, и теми, кто вне ее. Since he moved to the White House, the President's Office has been radically reorganized. С тех пор как он вступил на пост президента, вся система аппарата Белого дома была коренным образом реорганизована. The leader of the victorious party is offered the office of Prime Minister. Главе победившей партии предлагают (занять) пост премьер-министра. 6. facilities. Есть целый ряд английских слов, которые не имеют эквивалента в русском языке и поэтому иногда их приходится пере водить по-разному, в зависимости от контекста, иногда описатель ным путем. Одним из таких слов является слово facilities, которое обозначает предмет или обстоятельство, совокупность предметов или обстоятельств, помогающих совершить действие. Так например: 106 facilities for transport средства передвижения; facilities for studies необходимые помещения, и оборудование, и даже наличие соответствующего времени, необходимого для занятий. Словарь дает следующие значения: 1) благоприятные условия, льготы; 2) оборудование, приспособление, аппаратура; 3) средства обслуживания, удобства. В зависимости от контекста может переводиться и другими словами: возможность, помещение и т. д. MPs already complain of lack of facilities to do their work while Press and other staff also find they work in overcrowded and unsuitable conditions. Члены парламента уже жалуются на отсутствие благоприятных условий для (выполнения) работы; работники печати и другие служащие считают, что они также работают в переполненных помещениях и в плохих условиях. A more recent project has been the modernization of port facilities and the improvement of natural ports. Более поздний проект предусматривает модернизацию оборудования (служб) порта и улучшение естественных портов. 7, community имеет следующие значения: 1) община; 2) общест во: 3) население, группа населения; 4) круги; 5) сообщество, объеди нение; 6) сотрудничество; 7) общность. Перевод слова зависит от того, в каком словосочетании оно встречается. Например: the interests of the community интересы общества. Black (white) community чернокожее (белое) население, financial (business) community финансовые (деловые) круги, community of goods общ ность владения имуществом, community of interests общность ин тересов. 8. public n. 1) народ; 2) публика; З) общественность; adj. 1) об щественный; 2) общенародный; 3) публичный, общедоступный; 4) открытый, гласный; 5) государственный, официальный и др. public figure общественный/государственный деятель; public image ре путация, мнение общественности (о каком-л. деятеле); public li brary публичная (общедоступная) библиотека; public facilities службы общественного пользования; public officer государствен ный служащий, чиновник, должностное лицо; public servant долж ностное лицо; лицо, находящееся на государственной службе; public career политическая карьера; public relations 1) связь (лица, организации) с общественностью, прессой; 2) служба/отдел ин формации; отдел связи с печатью, пресс-бюро; public servicies со циальные службы (здравоохранение, образование) и т. д. |