ГУСЬКОВА (1). 1. Инфинитив в функции определения
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91 one, and serving little purpose. The sensible way to wrap up a parliamentary session would surely be to vote a closure on the last day of the summer term. 61. 'Certainly there was little evidence that he would be able to shift the State Secretary from his fundamental lack of enthusiasm for the proj ect. In his address on the House floor Mr. Levigston said Thursday: «To my friends on the left: ...Government left unwatched can lead to in justice. To my friends on the right: ...Government is not inherently evil». After the sense of drift during John Major's years in power, it is a refreshing, change for Britain to have a government which inspires wide spread public confidence. The government has begun a program in which people aged 18 to 24 who have been unemployed for at least six months face losing their dole money unless they get a job or enter a training program, although the jobless rate among the group is 13,5 percent. The rise of East Asia in the late twentieth century may ultimately, prove to be a more important world-historical event than the collapse of communism. § 8. ЧЕТЫРЕХЧЛЕННАЯ КАУЗАТИВНАЯ КОНСТРУКЦИЯ Перевод конструкции глагол (герундий) + имя + into (out of) + герундий! существительное приобретает каузативное, побудительное значение и представляет известную трудность, так как в русском языке нет грамматических средств для передачи каузативности. В этой конструкции первый член, выраженный глаголом (например: force, frighten, pressure, coerce, bully, talk, draw), передает действие, при помощи которого удается добиться цели; цель передается четвертым членом конструкции, который выражается герундием или существительным. Второй член конструкции — имя (существитель-* ное/местоимение или субстантивированное прилагательное) показывает объект, на который направлено действие; третий член — предлог показывает направление действия. Каузативность при переводе на русский язык в каждом отдельном случае передается лексическими средствами. The President is almost certainly going to talk Congress into giving him the trade-negotiating authority. Президент почти навер- 92 няка будет уговаривать Конгресс предоставить ему полномочия для ведения торговых переговоров. Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения. Не retracted the allegations, saying police had forced him into making false declarations through the use of threats and physical abuse. The hope is that local barons will no longer be able to bully local central-bank officials into providing ill-judged credits. The best early step for the new president [of Cyprus] would be to postpone these missiles indefinitely. Another would be to cajole Turkish Cypriots into working within the island's Greek-led team seeking EU en try, without granting the Turkish-Cypriot leader his wish that his bit of the island be acknowledged as sovereign. Over a score of federal institutions, including the Cartel Office (Berlin) and the Auditing Court (Frankfurt), have been prodded into abandoning their current homes for the Rhine. (i.e.Bonn). The result of soaring imports and flagging exports has been to push the balance of payments into large deficits, straining the foreign reserves, pushing up interest rates and forcing the government into restrictive fiscal' and monetary policies. Their trade-union bosses, with their policy of compromise lulled the workers into inactivity. The intent [of the US Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights] seems to be to bully schools into dropping tests or at least de- emphasizing them. The US President had to forgo whatever else he does besides rais ing funds to spend long hours at trying to cajole Israel and PLO into coming up with an agreement. The sudden need to find a replacement for the outgoing president of the Commission provoked the EU's national leaders into almost unbe lievably swift and unanimous action. It is a lot easier to talk one man into giving a thousand dollars than it is to talk a thousand men into giving one dollar. As a result, the legislator takes the line of least resistance. The average Congressman sees only a relatively few of the bills, so do not let him fool you into thinking that he considers them all, as some imply in order to make you think they are overworked. The elections have generated enormous excitement in Iran, entic ing thousands of candidates into the ring and raising hopes of a more open and pluralistic society. The British Government has conditioned the public into believing that it has changed its collective mind. They are aiming to get the Bill amended into uselessness. This puts the other members in a stronger position: they cannot be bluffed and bullied into making serious concessions. «Turkey has reached a turning point,» said the President of Tur key to reporters. « We must bring our children down from the mountains, because they are our children, misled into terrorism and committing mur ders. » The Prime Minister refused to be drawn yesterday into saying what he would do if his attempt to renegotiate this agreement were to fail. The candidate has been forced to engage in state primary fights to garner delegations and he may be pressured into taking clear positions on civil rights and labour laws. Outnumbered, outfoxed and outraged, Senate Democrats were manoeuvred into accepting a $200-million cut in foreign aid. The report could add to resentment among some within or close to the palace, who believe that the New Labour establishment is trying to bounce the royal family into hasty reform. He accused the Christian Democrats of joining in a campaign by employers to'frighten people into voting conservative by warning them that a Social Democratic victory would lead to cancelled orders and a loss of jobs. U.S. companies are trapped by their own drive for quick and highly publicized profits, forcing them into a bonus system that has made management itself too expensive. Europe seemed to demonstrate a new readiness to use force and pull down barriers to consolidating its national defence companies into Europe-wide industries. Representatives of the Iraqi Kurds say they want no part in pro voking the Iraqi President into another assault on their mountain home land, which, under the protection of the Western no-fly zone, is only now putting itself back together from decades in which the Iraqi leader razed more than 4,000 of the villages and killed more than 180,000 of their people. § 9. РАЗЛИЧНЫЕ ФУНКЦИИ СЛОВ IT, ONE, THAT I.It 1. В качестве самостоятельного члена предложения it выступает: 1) в функции формального подлежащего безличного предложе ния типа it is winter, it rains, it is cold. Употребление безличных предложений такого типа ограничено, они относятся только к обо значению явлений природы, времени и расстояния. В этих случаях й на русский язык не переводится. 2} в функции знаменательного подлежащего: как личное местоимение со значением он, она, оно и как указательное местоимение со значением это. 2. В качестве вводного или предваряющего слова (anticipatory it) it выступает: 1) в функции формального подлежащего в предложениях с логи ческим подлежащим, выраженным инфинитивом, герундием, инфи нитивным или герундиальным комплексом и придаточным предло жением со сказуемым типа it is necessary/possible/wrong и т. п.; it is supposed/believed/expected и т. п.; it is likely, it seems. В этих случа ях it на русский язык не переводится. Не said it was possible for an agreement to be reached. Он сказал, что достичь соглашения возможно. 2) в функции формального дополнения в тех случаях, когда за глаголом типа to make, to think, to consider, to find, to feel считать, to believe полагать и т. п. стоит сложное дополнение, состоящее из имени и инфинитива (инфинитивного комплекса или придаточного предложения). Слово it следует непосредственно за глаголом. На русский язык не переводится. Не felt it his duty to help the Government. Он считал своей обязанностью помочь правительству. Britain finds it difficult to make European commitments in an election year. Англия считает трудным брать на себя новые обязательства по Европейскому Союзу в год выборов. 95 3) в обороте it is (was)... who (that, when и т. п.), выполняющем эмоционально-усилительную функцию и употребляющемся для выделения любого члена предложения (кроме сказуемого). Член предложения, который необходимо выделить, ставят после it is (was). После него идет соответствующее относительное местоимение (who, whom, whose, that и т. п.) или союз (when, where). При помощи оборота it is (was)... who (that... и т. п.) может быть выделено и целое придаточное предложение. При переводе на русский язык для выделения соответствующего члена предложения следует использовать те средства русского языка, которые наилучшим образом передадут эту эмфазу. Она может быть передана лексически (словами именно, это или другими словами) или путем вынесения выделяемых слов в начало или в конец предложения. It is (was) и относительное местоимение или союз не переводятся на русский язык. It is for' that reason thai the present book is both timely ancf, appropriate. Именно по этой причине данная книга является акту:, альной и своевременной (выделено обстоятельство) . For it is Britain's role in the European Union which is at the heart of the discussion. Ибо главным моментом обсуждения как раз и является роль Англии в Европейском Союзе (выделено подлежащее). Примечание. Not till (until) перед выделяемым обстоятельством на русский язык переводится обычно: только после, только когда. И is not until November that the pensioners will receive the increase provided for in the Budget. Прибавку к пенсии, предусмотренную в бюджете, пенсионеры получат только в ноябре. Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения. t. When the Fed. (Federal Reserve) began its round of interest-rate cuts in the autumn, the market had slumped. It made it much more likely that the long-predicted slow-down in economic growth would actually occur. 2. One of the most dangerous products of unjust wars is intolerance, violence and repression in the country waging the war. It suits reaction to stir up hysteria and, in the name of «patriotism», set the jingo riff-raff against those who are campaigning for peace. 3.'Although it is far ahead of many Middle Eastern countries in terms 96 of political pluralism, Iran is still some distance from democracy as practiced in the West. Courts find it almost impossible to pin down a precise enough legal definition of privacy. He is ready to support a measure of political unity in the EU but made it as clear as ever that such a union will be firmly grounded in na tional direction. The plus side for poor Bolivians is that'every large town has a well- established black market. Contraband makes it possible for many workers to buy electronic and other consumer goods that would otherwise be out of reach. The Labour MP made it clear that he believed that a peaceful set tlement in Europe could never be achieved without Russia. Under Hong Kong's currency system when speculators attack the Hong Kong dollar, that automatically pushes up local interest rates. Those higher rates make it more attractive for investors to hold Hong Kong dol lar. There is little evidence that mergers are making it easier to gouge consumers; on the contrary, the ability to shop electronically, by tele phone or on the Internet leaves customers with more choices than ever before. 10. // is the role o/galvaniser and mentor to nervous new democracies that suits the secretary-general of NATO now. И. Д was in an attempt to alter the ratio between the increase of rice-eaters and of rice that the International Rice Research Institute was conceived in 1959, and started operations at Los Banos in the Philippines in 1962. |