А. М. Maslova Z. I. Winestein L. S. Plebeyskaya Essential English for
 Скачать 0.98 Mb.
|
|
* Определите синтаксическую функцию инфинитива: 1. The doctor wanted to examine the patient in the morning. 2. To know Anatomy well is necessary for every surgeon. 3. Our students came to the Institute to listen to the lecture on bones. 4. My friend was the first to take the examination in Biology. 5. The surgeon will begin to operate on this patient at 10 o’clock.
My friend said that he lived Мой друг сказал, что он живет in Lenin street, на улице Ленина. 1 .* Совпадает ли время сказуемого в английском и русском главных предложениях? 2.* В каком времени стоит сказуемое в английском и рус ском дополнительных придаточных предложениях? 3. Следовательно, ка ким временем нужно переводить сказуемое дополнительного придаточ ного предложения, если сказуемое главного стоит в Past Indefinite? Како му правилу подчиняется употребление времен в придаточных дополни тельных предложениях?
1. We learned that the lower extremity consisted of the thigh, leg, and foot.
cell [sel] клетка agent [leid33nt] агент; фактор; возбудитель
muscle [‘mAsI] п мышца; radiated muscle веерообразная мышца establish [is’tseblij] v устанавливать introduce [,intr3’dju:s] v вводить change [tfeind3] v изменяться), менять(ся); n изменение weight [weit] n вес divide [di’vaid] v делить, разделять wide [waid] а широкий direction [di’rekfn] n направление; указание (на выполнение чего-л.) tissue [’tisju:] п ткань; connective tissue соединительная ткань vessel [‘vesl] п сосуд blood [bkd] п кровь find [faind] (found, found) v находить; find out обнаруживать determine [di’taimin] v определить, определять; устанавливать contraction [kan’trsekf n] n сокращение
1. the contraction of muscles; 2. the blood vessel wall;
б) предложения с выделенными словами: 1. Please find the pulmonary artery in this picture. 2. The scientists found that blood had vitamins. 3.1. M. Sechenov is the founder of Russian physiology.
б) предложения на правила согласования времен и переведите их: Text Е. The Lecture on Muscles Yesterday the students of our group came to the Institute to listen to a lecture on muscles. The lecture was attended by all of us. The lecture was delivered by Prof. Smirnov. To listen to it was very interesting. Prof. Smirnov was the first to tell us about the anatomical terms. The names of all the muscles in the body and all other anatomical terms were established at three Congresses in Basel [‘ba:zal], Jena [‘jema:] and Paris. In 1895 the Basel Nomina Anatomica1 was introduced; in 1935 it was greatly changed at the Congress of Anatomists in Jena. But the anatomical terms which were established at that Congress were not used in the USSR. In 1955 the IV International Federal Congress of Anatomists in Paris established new universal anatomical terms, the so-called Paris Nomina Anatomica. In his lecture Prof. Smirnov said that the body was composed of about 600 skeletal muscles. The students learned that in the adult about 35%-40% (per cent) of the body weight was formed by the muscles. According to the basic parts of the skeleton all the muscles were divided into the muscles of the trunk, head, and extremities. When Prof. Smirnov spoke about the form of the muscles he said that all the muscles were divided into three basic groups: long, short and wide muscles; the free extremities were formed by the long muscles; wide muscles lay on the trunk; the walls of the body cavities were formed by wide muscles. Some muscles were called according to- the structure of their fibers, for example radiated muscles; others according to their uses, for example extensors (разгибающие мышцы) or according to their direction, for example oblique (косая). When Prof. Smirnov spoke about the structure of the muscles he said that the muscles were formed by a mass of muscle cells, the muscular fibers were connected together by connective tissue, the blood vessels and the nerves were in the muscles. Great research work was carried out by many scientists to determine the functions of the muscles. Three basic methods of study were used: experimental work on animals, the study of the muscles on a living human body and on the corpse. Their work helped to establish that the muscles were the active agents of motion (движение) and contraction. Note 1. Ihe Basel Nomina Anatomica — Базельская анатомическая терминология CLASS ASSIGNMENTS Х1П. Form the adjectives from the verbs by the suffix ‘-ive’: connect, act, collect, relate, contract, protect
1. The new universal anatomical terms which are now used all over the world were established at the IV International Federal Congress of Anatomists in Paris in 1955.2. The muscular fibers which are connected together by con nective tissue and a mass of muscle cells compose the muscle. 3. Prof. Smirnov who delivered the lecture on muscles introduced the new material on muscular motion and contraction. |