А. М. Maslova Z. I. Winestein L. S. Plebeyskaya Essential English for
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particular [pa’tikjub] а особый; именно этот kind [kaind] а добрый; n вид; класс, разряд, сорт ability [a’biliti] и способность, умение protection [prs’tekfn] и охрана health [hel0] и здоровье; to be in good health быть здоровым; to be in poor health иметь слабое здоровье; health protection охрана здоровья prominent [‘prsminsnt] а выдающийся; заметный
in particular, to be of interest (importans), to have abulities for, to cure smb of smth, to be in good (poor) health, one of many.
1. Не is in... health as he is ill with tuberculosis. 2 This experiment is of... interest. 3. This is a ... remedy. 4. She is a ... person, kind, valuable, poor, particular
1. My brother has great abilities for English. 2.1 read an article about (on) successful cure of tuberculosis. 3. Our country pays great attention to the health protection of our people.
to enter, to cure, to require, to consider, to remember, to harm, to act, to listen, to need, to attend
We can go to Moscow. Мы можем (в состоянии) поехать в Москву. You may take this book. Вы можете (вам разрешается) взять эту книгу. Не may come today. Он может (вероятно) прийти сегодня. (Вероятно, он придет сегодня). Не must come today. Он должен (обязан) прийти сегодня. Б. I could go to Moscow. Я могла поехать в Москву. They might stay at home. Они могли остаться дома. 1. Как переводятся модальные глаголы: can, may, must? 2. Могут ли они употребляться самостоятельно или только в сочетании с другими гла голами? 3. В какой форме стоят смысловые глаголы после модальных? 4. Изменяются ли модальные глаголы по лицам и числам? 5. Какие модаль ные глаголы имеют форму прошедшего времени (Б)?
I cannot speak French. Я не могу (не умею) говорить по-французски. They could not go to the South. Они не могли (не были в состоянии) поехать на юг. You must not smoke. Вам нельзя (запрещено) курить.
Г. Can you speak English? Умеете ли вы говорить по-английски? May I come in? Можно войти? Must we come too? Должны ли мы (обязаны ли мы) тоже прийти?
1. Must the students work during the whole term? 2. He could not enter the Institute last year. 3. Can he become a good therapeutist? 4. May this remedy do you harm? 2 А. М. Маслова
1. Does she speak English? 2. Can you treat rheumatism? 3. Did he prepare his laboratory work yesterday? 4. Must they attend this lecture? Как называются такие вопросы, и какой в них порядок слов?
1. Who studies Anatomy? 2. Who carried out laboratory analyses yesterday? 3. Who will prepare the article tomorrow? 1. Какие вопросы называются “специальными”? 2. К какому члену предложения заданы эти вопросы, и какой порядок слов требуется для построения таких вопросов? а. Сравните вопросы и ответы на них: Whose sister speaks English? His sister speaks English. What students study Anatomy? Medical students study Anatomy.
б. Проанализируйте вопросы, поставленные к данному предложению: My father reads newspapers at home in the evening.
My friend carried out a valuable experiment at the laboratory last week.
‘possible’, ‘difficult’, ‘fo protect’, ‘to know’ и переведите их; в) найдите высказывание профессора Кончаловского о враче; г) выучите наизусть слова из клятвы Гиппократа. Text С. Our Future Profession In Russia (the Soviet Union) hundreds of thousands of young people study at different medical institutes. They study numerous theoretical and special subjects. They have prac tical training during which they do the work of nurses and assistant doctors. Such a course of studies helps them to gain much knowledge of medicine, which will give them the possibility to diagnose different diseases and treat people. But medical students must remember that it is not easy to be a good doctor. A good doctor must have not only deep knowledge of a particular field of medicine such as surgery or therapy. He must love people and have a kind heart. He must give all his knowledge, all his abilities, all his talent, and all his time to people, to the protection of their health. One of the prominent Soviet therapeutists Prof. M. P. Kon-chalovsky considers that a person may be a poor writer, he may be a bad painter (худож ник) or an actor but a man cannot and must not be a bad doctor. Medical students must understand well all the difficulties of their future profession. They must remember that often it will be difficult to diagnose a disease, sometimes it will be even more difficult to cure it. But a good doctor will always do his best1 to gain his patient’s confidence.2 And the confidence of a patient in his doctor is a “valuable remedy”. Did you hear about Hippocrates Oath3 before you entered the Institute? What does it read? It reads, “I shall enter any house for the good of the patient.
Medical students must remember that to treat patients is a great art (искус ство) but not an ordinary trade (ремесло). It is one of the professions which requires a real calling4 for it. Notes
calling — призвание
thousand, which, with, them, chart, phase, show, chill
conclusion, function, formation, occasion, eruption, discussion, occlusion, production, contraction, invasion
1. Can you cure a disease? 2. Do you consider that you will pass your examinations successfully? 3. Must you remember all Latin anatomical terms?
1. We need this particular time for the experiment. 2. We entered the Institute last year. 3. Sometimes professors deliver lectures at the clinic. 4. He is in poor health. 5. We must give all our knowledge and abilities to people.
1. Where do you study? 2. The Institute where I study has different departments. 3. When are people in good health? 4. People are in good health when they take care of it. 5. Who entered the Institute several months ago? 6. My sister who entered the Institute two years ago studies successfully. 7. What are you? 8. What prominent anatomist do you know? 9. What do you remem ber well? 10.1 remember well what the professor told us at the last lecture.
1. She has a high temperature. It is 39.4°C. 2. Now we study at a higher school, that is at the Institute. 3. In six years we shall get higher education.
Text D. The First Medical Students in Russia A week ago I read a very good book by Professor Vladimir Kovanov who was the vice-president of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. The title of the book is “The Calling For”1. Prof. V. V. Kovanov is a prominent scientist, a specialist with deep knowledge and great experience in the field of surgery. He is a well-known public figure and a person of great culture. Vladimir Kovanov entered the Medical Faculty of Moscow University in 1927. Already before that time the young Soviet Republic needed badly its own (собственная) working intelligentsia. A special decree on the organisation of public education in Soviet Russia was adopted in 1918. According to this decree education in the higher schools became free of charge. The students got stipends and could live in hostels. This decree meant that the children of the proletarians could enter the higher schools. The preparatory faculties which the Soviet Republic organized during its first years helped the sons and daughters of the proletarian families to enter the higher schools without taking the examinations. A. V. Lunacharsky said that preparatory faculties (“rabfacks”) were the “fire ladders” (пожарные лестни цы) which gave the proletarian young people the possibility to get higher education. Prof. Kovanov writes that in his time those young people who really cared to be doctors studied in the Medical Faculty. The students worked hard, all day long they were ready to dissect corpses, to learn Latin terms and to make different analyses in chemical laboratories. I consider that it is necessary for all medical students to read this book because it will increase the knowledge of our future profession. It will help us to understand and love our future work. |