Учебное пособие по англ языку. Анатомия человека
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РАЗДЕЛ XI. THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND There is nothing like traveling! We are happy to offer you a very interesting tour round Great Britain. You’ll have an opportunity to enjoy famous sights of the country, its traditions, holidays, music and capital. Have a nice trip! Цели раздела В результате изучения теоретического материала по темам данного раздела вы должны знать:
уметь:
Обучающие цели:
TOPIC 59. GREAT BRITAIN 1. Review the words. How many words do you know? Check yourself.
2. Read the text and translate the sentences with the words from ex.1. THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND “Great Britain” has several different names. Some people say ‘Britain” or “the United Kingdom’. There are 4 different countries in the United Kingdom: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast. The United Kingdom is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and a great number of small islands. Britain is one of the world’s smaller countries ( it is twice smaller than France and Spain ), with an area of some 244 000 square kilometres. The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea. Northern Ireland occupies one third of the island of Ireland. It borders on the Irish Republic in the south. The island of Great Britain consists of the three main parts: England, Scotland and Wales. There are no high mountains in Great Britain. The Highlands of Scotland are the tallest of the British mountains. The chief rivers of Great Britain are the Severn and the Thames. Britain’s principal ports are London, Manchester, Glasgow. They have splendid harbours. There are also many beautiful lakes in Great Britain. The warm currents in the Atlantic Ocean make the climate of Great Britain mild. The winters are warm and the summers are cool. The weather is changeable. The cloudiness is rather dense; fogs along the coast often hide the sun. The fogs of London have a worldwide reputation. The grass remains green all the year round. Thanks to climate conditions, Britain looks like one great park with its old trees and green meadows. The population of the United Kingdom is over 56 mln. people. The main nationalities are: English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish. English is the official language. Everyone in Britain speaks English. But in some parts of Scotland people speak Scottish Gaelic as well. The Welsh are especially proud of their language, and you can see road signs in Welsh all over Wales. Great Britain is a highly-developed industrial country. One of its main industries is the textile industry. The largest cities of Great Britain are London, the capital of the country, Manchester, Glasgow, Sheffield, Bristol, Leeds and Edinburgh. The flag of the United Kingdom is made of three crosses. Every cross symbolizes the patron saint of each country. The United Kingdom is a parliamentary monarchy. 3. Questions
4. Say if the statement is true or false.
5. Fill in the blanks with the necessary words.
6.Choose the right variant 1.People call the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in several ways:
2.This country is situated on the …
3.The main parts of the island of Great Britain are …
4.The United Kingdom consists of …
5.The United Kingdom is a …
7.Fill in the gaps in the sentences
The 1) _____________of Great Britain are the Severn and the Thames. There are many beautiful 2) _____________ in Great Britain. The climate of Great Britain is 3) ______________. The weather is 4) ______________. The cloudiness is rather dense; fogs along the coast often hide the sun. The 5) _____________of London have a worldwide reputation. The 6) _______________nationalities are: English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish. Everyone in Britain speaks 7)____________________. Great Britain is a highly-developed 8) _____________country. The flag of the United Kingdom is made of three crosses. Every country has a 9) ________________. 6. Speak about Great Britain TOPIC 60. THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF GREAT BRITAIN 1. Study the words
2. Read the text about the political system of Great Britain. Translate the sentences with the new words. The Political System of Great Britain Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. It means that there is a Queen (or King) and the Parliament. The Queen has almost no power in the country. Her powers are limited by the Parliament. Laws are made by the Parliament. The Queen is only a formal ruler: she reigns but does not rule. In fact everything that she does is done on the active of her ministers, who are responsible for the royal acts. Thus, most of her functions are symbolic. The United Kingdom is governed by the Government in the name of the Queen. But the Queen has all information, has the right to encourage and the right to warn. The Queen's residence in London is Buckingham Palace. Besides, she has some homes in England and Scotland. The British Parliament consists of two cambers: the House оf Lords and the House of Commons. There are more than 1000 members in the House of Lords. Many seats are hereditary. The House of Commons has 635 members. They are elected by a general election (secret ballot). Any member may introduce a Bill and ask permission to bring it to the House for the first reading. After the third time reading the Bill goes to the House of Lords. If the Lords agree to a Bill, it will be placed before the Queen for signature. Then it becomes a law. The government is headed by the Prime Minister, who is the leader of the party that has won the election. In Great Britain there are three main political parties: the Conservatives, the Labour Party and the Liberals. 3. Questions
4. Fill in the table using the information from the text
5. Speak about the British political bodies and their roles TOPIC 61. LONDON 1. Study the names of London sights
2. Find the English equivalents of the words
3. Read the text about London London London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, cultural and commercial centre. London is one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is more than 8 million. London is a very old city. It was founded in the first century A.D. by the Romans. Traditionally London is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End. They are very different from each other. The heart of London is the City – its commercial and business centre. There are many banks, offices and firms there. Few people live in the City. But over a million come to work here. Two famous historic buildings are located in the City – the Tower of London and St Paul’s Cathedral. The Tower of London was built in the 11 the century. It was used as a fortress, a royal residence and a prison. Now it is a museum of armour. A twenty minutes’ walk from the Tower will take you to another historic building – St Paul’s Cathedral. It was built in the 17th century by the famous architect Sir Christopher Wren. Westminster is the centre of government. Here we can the Houses of Parliament with the famous clock “Big Ben” on one the towers. All government offices are in Whitehall. The official residence of the Queen is Buckingham Palace. The residence of Prime Minister is at 10 Downing Street. Opposite the Houses of Parliament stands Westminster Abbey. It is the place where all the coronations of the British monarchs take place. Many famous people are also buried in Westminister Abbey including statesmen, musicians and writes. The West End is the richest and the most beautiful part of London. It is the symbol of wealth and luxury. There are the best shops, hotels, restaurants, houses and lovely gardens there. It includes Trafalgar Square, the main shopping areas of Oxford Street. Trafalgar Square was built in the last century to commemorate the Battle of Trafalgar. Admiral Lord Nelson’s statue stands on top of a column in the middle of Trafalgar Square. The square makes a good place for people to meet. Behind Nelson’s column is the National Gallery, an art gallery in which you can find many old masters. Not far away from the National Gallery is the British Museum. It contains a priceless collection of ancient manuscripts, coins, sculptures. It is famous for its library – one of the richest in the world. The East End is an industrial district of London. It is famous as the centre of the clothing industry. 4. Complete the sentences 1. London is… 2.London was founded… 3.The city is divided into… 4.The City is… 5.There are … in the City. 6. St Paul’s Cathedral is… 7.The Tower of London is… 8.Westminster is… 9.In this part of London we can see… 10.Buckingham Palace is… 11.10 Downing Street is… 12.Westminster Abbey is the place where 13. The West End is… 14. At Trafalgar Square we can see… 15. The British Museum contains… 16. Oxford Street is… 17. The East End is… 5. Name the sights of London 1.It is a part of London. It is commercial and business centre. The Stock Exchange, the Bank of England are there. 2.It is a historic building. It was built in the 11th century. It was used as a fortress, a royal residence and a prison. 3.It is the centre of government. 4.It is the place where all the coronations of the British monarchs take place. 5.It is the official residence of the Queen. 6.It is the richest and the most beautiful part of London. It is the symbol of wealth and luxury. 7.It is an art gallery in which you can find many old masters. 8.It contains a priceless collection of ancient manuscripts, coins, sculptures. It is famous for its library – one of the richest in the world. 9.It is the main shopping area in London. 10.It is an industrial district of London. 11.It is the residence of Prime Minister. 6.Choose the correct variant. 1.London is divided into a.two parts b.three parts c.four parts d.five parts 2.The commercial and business centre of London is a.Westminster b.the East End c.the West End d.the City 3.The famous historic buildings of the City are a.the British museum b.Big Ben c.the Tower of London d.St Paul’s Cathedral 4.Nowadays the Tower of London is a a.prison b.museum of armour c.royal residence d.church 5.Westminster is the centre of a.shopping b.industry c.tourism d.government 6.In Westminster you can see a.the Houses of Parliament b.Trafalgar Square c.Buckingham Palace d.Big Ben 7.Westminster Abbey is the place where a.the British Parliament seat b.tourists buy souvenirs c.coronations of the monarchs take place d.people celebrate Christmas 8.The West End is a.industrial part of London b.historical part of London c.the richest part of London d.the most beautiful part of London 9.In the middle of Trafalgar there is a.column b.column with a statue of Admiral Nelson c.museum d.gallery 10.You can find collections of ancient manuscripts, coins and sculptures in a.the National Gallery b.the British Museum c.St Paul’s Cathedral d.the Tate Gallery 6. Speak about London TOPIC 62. THE CITIES OF GREAT BRITAIN Great Britain is mainly an industrial country and most of the people there live in large cities.
live / cotton industry / capital / Great Britain / industrial / electronic equipment / places of interest / old / produced Manchester is an industrial ____________ of the North of England. It’s a very ________city and the center of the _____________ as the climate of this city is good for producing cotton. In Manchester computers, ______________ , various machines and other things are made. It’s the third largest port in _____________. There are also ____________such as the Tower Hall, the Central Library, Manchester University, art galleries and cinemas. Birmingham is another _____________heart of England. It’s the second largest city. More than one million people __________ there. A lot of motor cars, bicycles, radios, TV sets are ____________ in Birmingham.
Кембридж и Оксфорд – самые старые университетские города Великобритании. Их население состоит из учителей, профессоров и студентов. Многие великие люди учились в этих городах: Ньютон, Байрон, Дарвин и другие. В наши дни Кембридж известен как центр науки, где работают многие известные учёные.
5.Speak about one of the British cities. TOPIC 63. THE LIFE OF YOUTH IN GREAT BRITAIN AND THE USA 1.Match the word combinations and their meanings
2.Complete the text with the correct information.
1.Youth and youth movement have become important factors in the life of the country. There are about 60 youth organizations in Great Britain. (1) ________________________________ : non-political organizations; youth organizations associated with political parties; youth organizations controlled by religious bodies.  2.The two largest non-political youth organizations are the associations of the Boy Scouts and the Girl Guides. There are about 1300000 boys and girls in them. The membership is voluntary. The Scout Association was formed in 1908 by General Baden Powell. 3. (2) ___________________________________ . A Scout was to make a promise that he would do his best to do his duty to God and the Queen, to help other people and to obey the Scout Law. The Boy Scouts had a left-handed handshake, a special badge and the motto “Be Prepared”.  4. The Girl Guides Association was founded by Baden Powell in 1910. The programme of training is planned to develop intelligence and practical skills including cookery, needlework, childcare. (3) ____________________________________ . The Girl Guides Association has extensive international links.  5.Youth Organization Greenpeace is a non-political organization. (4) _____________________________ . It protests against nuclear weapon tests, sea and soil pollution, etc. There are several youth organizations associated with political parties. One of them is The Youth Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (YCND). (5) _______________________________. As you see, all these organizations aim at preserving and strengthening the social and political system existing in the country. (6) ________________________________________________ . TOPIC 64. MUSIC IN GREAT BRITAIN 1.Study the new words
2.Match two parts together
3. Translate into English
4.Read and translate the text. Are there any new words in the text? The Beatles The Beatles is a legendary English rock band which was formed in Liverpool in 1960. The band consisted of John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. The group worked in different genres, ranging from folk rock to psychedelic pop. They achieved natural popularity and success in late 1962 with their first single which was called "Love Me Do". The Beatles was influenced by famous singers as Elvis Presley, Little Richard and Chuck Berry. The Beatles is a classical rock band of the 20th century. Also, The Beatles were honored as the most important and influential people of the last century. They achieved fascinating success and they are still popular in present time. The Beatles is a band which has changed a lot of lives for the better even mine. 5.Read and translate the text. Are there any new words in the text? The Rolling Stones The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in April 1962 by guitarist and harmonica player Brian Jones, pianist Ian Stewart, vocalist Mick Jagger and guitarist Keith Richards. The Rolling Stones are notable (замечательный, выдающийся) in modern popular music for assimilating (усваивать, впитывать) various musical genres into their own collective sound. Throughout the band's career, their musical contributions have been marked by a continual reference (связь) and reliance (опора) on musical styles including blues, rhythm and blues, country, folk, reggae, dance, and world music. 6.Read and translate the text. Are there any new words in the text? Queen Queen is a reputed (известная) British rock band which got formed during the year 1970. This band actually contained a lead vocalist by the name Freddie Mercury, drummer Roger Taylor and bassist John Deacon. They have been portrayed (описывать, изображать) as greatest live performers ever and they have produced the greatest hit single in music history and they remain as best British pop band of all times. They have published fifteen studio albums, 5 live albums. The band had great success in UK during 1970s and later they gained an international success both commercially and critically. Their success continues during eighties and nineties. Mercury was diagnosed and found HIV positive during the year 1991 and he died of Bronchopneumonia which is an AIDS complication. They still remain as one of the top rock bands in UK. TOPIC 65. TRADITIONS AND HOLIDAYS IN GREAT BRITAIN 1.Read the text and find the English equivalents of the given words. 1.считаться наиболее консервативным 2.иметь свои традиции и обычаи 3.придавать большое значение 4.гордиться своими традициями 5.тщательно соблюдать традиции The British nation is considered to be the most conservative in Europe. It is not a secret that every nation and every country has its own customs and traditions. In Great Britain people attach greater importance to traditions and customs than in other European countries. Englishmen are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them up. 2.Translate the text May Celebrations There are many celebrations in May, especially in the countryside. The British like to celebrate the end of winter. Much of this celebration is connected with dancing, which is performed to encourage life and growth and drive away harmful spirits and welcome in the new ones.Easter is celebrated as a spring or a religious holiday. The symbol of Easter is an Easter egg. It is usually made of chocolate. People grace their tables with eggs on this day. 3.Read the text about Halloween. Make up the word combinations in the table and translate them. Halloween Halloween is a night on which witches and ghosts come out. So many people dress up in unusual costumes and paint their faces to deceive the evil spirits. People take part in parades and carry lots of orange pumpkins in the hands. In fact, this holiday has a Celtic origin. The Celts celebrated the coming of New Year on that day.
4.Read the text and answer the questions. Christmas Day Christmas Day ( December 25 ) is the main public holiday celebrated as the birth of Christ. It is a family holiday. The people stay at home and spend the time with their families. Every house tries to have a Christmas tree decorated with strings of colored lights and bulbs. The presents are placed under the tree. Usually the whole family has a big Christmas dinner. It consists of turkey, a Christmas pudding and pies. 1.What is the main public holiday in Britain? 2.What is celebrated on this day? 3.Is it a family holiday? 4.With whom do the people spend time on Christmas? 5.What does every house tries to have? 6.What is placed under the Christmas tree? 7.What does a big Christmas dinner consist of? 5.Speak about the holiday and tradition you like. |
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