Учебное пособие по англ языку. Анатомия человека
 Скачать 4.92 Mb.
|
|
РАЗДЕЛ XII. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Our traveling is not over! The USA is waiting for us. In this unit you’ll get to know about the capital of the country, its famous holiday Thanksgiving Day and what not. Enjoy your traveling! Цели раздела В результате изучения теоретического материала по темам данного раздела вы должны знать:
уметь:
Обучающие цели:
TOPIC 66. THE USA 1. Review the words before reading the text.
2. Read the text and find Russian equivalents for the underlined words. Translate the sentences with these words. The United States of America The USA is the most powerful and highly developed country of the world. It is situated in the central part of the North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. In the north it borders on Canada and in the south the USA borders on Mexico. The total area of the USA is over 9 million square kilometers. The continental part of the country consists of the highland regions and two lowlands regions. The highland regions are the Appalachian Mountains in the east and the Cordillera in the west. Between the Cordillera and the Appalachian Mountains are the central lowlands which are called the prairie, and eastern lowlands called the Mississippi valley. The chief rivers of the USA are the Mississippi, the longest river in the world ( 7330 km) and the Hudson river. The climate of the USA differs greatly from one part of the country to another. The coldest climate is in the northern part, where there is heavy snow in winter and the temperature may go down to 40 degrees below zero. The south has a subtropical climate, with temperature as high as 49 degrees in summer. The population of the USA is about 250 million people, who are called Americans. Most of the people live in towns and the population of the countryside is becoming smaller and smaller. For many decades the USA has been the place where lots of people sought refuge from persecution for political and religious beliefs. That’s why in America there are representatives of practically all racial and national groups. The capital of the USA is Washington. It is situated in the district of Columbia. Washington is a beautiful administrative city with practically no industry. The USA is a highly developed industrial state. Its agriculture is also highly mechanized. It occupies one of the first places among the countries of the world for production of coal, iron and oil. The USA has a highly developed motorcar industry. The cars have become the symbol of American way of life. The vehicles produced at such companies as Ford and the General Motors are known world-wide. The motorcar industry is concentrated in and around Detroit. Ship-building is developed along the Atlantic coast and in San Francisco. The USA has a highly developed railway system. It also has the best network of roads in the world. They are called highways. The USA is a federal country of 50 states and the District of Columbia. The Government is divided into three branches: legislative ( Congress ), executive ( the President and his Administration ) and judicial ( the Supreme Court ). The political life of the country has always been dominated by the two major parties: the Democratic party and the Republican party. At an election time they contest presidency and the majority of seats in the Congress. The Congress is the highest legislative body of the country. It consists of two chambers – the House of Representatives and the Senate. The president is the head of the state and the government. He is elected by the whole nation for four years. The flag of the USA is called “Stars and Stripes”. The 50 stars – white on a blue field – represent the 50 states, 13 stripes represent 13 original English colonies, which in 1776 became independent of England. 3. Fill in the gaps using the text
4. Say if the statement true or false
5. Questions
6. Speak about the USA according to the plan
TOPIC 67. THANKSGIVING DAY 1.Match the words together
2.Complete the sentences with the words from ex.1 and know what Thanksgiving Day is. Thanksgiving is a ___________on the fourth Thursday of each November. Americans of all religions _____________with big ___________and family reunions. It is a time to _______________in life and to be ___________. Turkey is a ______________ on Thanksgiving Day. 3.Put the sentences into the logical order and know about the origin of this holiday.
4.Make up the sentences and know what people do on Thanksgiving Day.
5.Read the definitions and guess the words.
6. Speak about Thanksgiving Day TOPIC 68. WASHINGTON, D.C. 1. Read the text about the capital of the USA. Translate the underlined words. Washington, D.C. Washington is the capital of the United States of America. It is located in the District of Columbia. The district is named in honour of Columbus, the discoverer of America. Washington was founded in 1791. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. There are many parks, wide streets and impressive buildings. In the centre of the city, there is Capitol Park, where visitors can see the Capitol, the home of the American Congress. Many visitors come to Washington to see the White House. It is the oldest public structure in the capital, built in 1799. The White House is the official residence of the President of the United States. There are more than hundred rooms in the White House. The largest room in this building is the East Room, the scene of many state receptions and dances. Other famous rooms are : the Green Room, the Blue Room, the Red Room, which is used for afternoon tea and for receptions before state dinner. Other landmarks of Washington are memorials, dedicated to three American Presidents – the Washington, the Lincoln and the Jefferson Memorials. The Library of Congress, which holds five million books, the National Gallery of Art, the Capitol; are also the famous sights of Washington. The Capitol is located in the very centre of Washington, not far from the Library of Congress. It is situated on the Capitol Hill, the highest point of the city. The Capitol is the highest building in Washington. There is a law in Washington not to build buildings higher than the Capitol. It is the home of the United States government. 2. Answer the questions
3. Speak about the capital of the USA РАЗДЕЛ XIII. TEXTS FOR DEVELOPING READING SKILLS Цели раздела В результате изучения теоретического материала по темам данного раздела вы должны знать:
уметь:
Обучающие цели:
1.Read the texts about the healthy lifestyles. Write out the underlined words and find their Russian equivalents. 1.Healthy Lifestyle Nowadays our life is getting more and more tense. People live under the press of different problems, such as social, ecological, economic and others. They constantly suffer from stress, noise and dust in big cities, diseases and instability. A person should be strong and healthy in order to overcome all difficulties. To achieve this aim people ought to take care of their physical and mental health. There are several ways to do it. The state of your body depends on how much time you spend doing sports. At least everybody must do morning exercises every day. The most healthy kinds of sports are swimming, running and cycling. Healthy food is also a very important factor. Overeating causes many dangerous diseases. The daily menu should include meat, fruit and vegetables, milk product, which are rich in vitamins, fat, proteins and etc. On the other hand modern diets are very popular especially among women. Diets may be harmful, if they are used in the wrong way. To be healthy, people should get rid of their bad habits. It's necessary to stop smoking and drinking much. Everyone should remember that cigarettes, alcohol and drugs destroy both body and brain. Besides according to statistics most of crimes are committed by people under the influence of drugs and alcohol. In addition it is recommended to watch TV less, avoid anxiety and observe daily routine. Certainly it's hard to follow all these recommendations, but every person have to choose between healthy life style and numerous illnesses. 2.Fitness Basics Starting a fitness program may be one of the best things you can do for your health. After all, physical activity can reduce your risk of chronic disease, improve your balance and coordination, help you lose weight — even boost your self-esteem. And the benefits are yours for the taking, regardless of age, sex or physical ability. When you design your fitness program, consider your fitness goals. Think about your fitness likes and dislikes, and note your personal barriers to fitness. Then consider practical strategies for keeping your fitness program on track. Starting a fitness program is an important decision, but it doesn't have to be an overwhelming (подавляющий) one. By planning carefully and pacing (руководить) yourself, you can make fitness a healthy habit that lasts a lifetime. 3.Sport and Healthy Lifestyle The fitness boom of the past decades led to a big rise in the numbers of people participating in sports and activities. Those who pursue the latest fitness fashion are convinced that staying in good physical form requires much more than regular exercise and balanced meals. For anyone who really wants to be healthy, fitness has become an integral part of their lives. A lot of health and fitness club, and public leisure centers indicate the popularity of sports during the past thirty years. There are many opportunities for keeping fit. First of all it's necessary to do exercises. Running, jumping, swimming, bending and stretching are among the most popular exercises. Many people prefer jogging, which is the cheapest and the most accessible sport. Popular running competitions are now held everywhere. The big city marathons have become sporting events. A healthy body becomes a fashion, an ideal of the modern life. Many sports activities have become part of daily Russian life. Football has always been the most popular sport among boys. Playing football is healthy, football also bring people close because in order to win people have to work as a team. The best way to avoid depression caused by the city life is doing exercises. Taking exercise is only one part of keeping fit. It's important to get slim. Some people eat nothing but fruit for several days. But it won't be of any use without proper exercises. Besides to avoid serious disease one should give up smoking. Smoking should be banned in all public places. As for me, I'm interested in different kinds of sport. At school we have physical training lesson twice a week. I like to ski in winter. Sometimes the whole family goes skiing at the weekend. In summer I like to swim. I also do some cycling. I'm very fond of hockey. I try to watch every hockey match on TV. 4.Simple Ways to Live a Healthy Lifestyle You hear a lot about living a healthy lifestyle, but what does that mean? In general, a healthy person doesn't smoke, is at a healthy weight, eats healthy and exercises. Sounds simple, doesn't it? The way to healthy living is making small changes...taking more steps, adding fruit to your cereal, having an extra glass of water...these are just a few ways you can start living healthy without drastic (радикальный, крутой, решительный) changes. Exercise One of the biggest problems in America today is lack of activity. We know it's good for us but avoid it like the plague either because we're used to being sedentary or afraid that exercise has to be vigorous to be worth our time. The truth is, movement is movement and the more you do, the healthier you'll be. Even moderate activities like chores, gardening and walking can make a difference. Just adding a little movement to your life can:
So, even if you opt (выбирать) for small changes and a more modest weight loss, you can see the benefits are still pretty good. One study has found that just a 10% weight reduction helped obese (тучный, полный) patients reduce blood pressure, cholesterol and increase longevity. 5.Eating Well Eating a healthy diet is another part of the healthy lifestyle. Not only can a clean diet help with weight management, it can also improve your health and quality of life as you get older. You can use these tips for simple ways to change how you eat:
6.How to Keep Fit 1.Study the new words
Many people’s favourite hobby is sport. They practise a sport for a need to keep fit and stay healthy. A lot of people jog and play tennis, football and swim in their spare time. Today people continue leading sedentary life and many of them would like to change it. Since our life doesn’t provide enough exercises we should include it into our routine. The man or woman who takes regular sport or exercise will stay physically fit, retain youthful vigour and keep a youthful shape and stamina. There are some exercises to suit everyone. It may be a daily exercise session that takes up little time or planned exercises which improve a problem area. But fitness comes not just from some exercises done now and then but from the way you live all the time. Good eating habits, wise drinking habits regular sleeping habits and plenty of fresh air are all important parts of the way to keep fit. Start doing this and you will feel and see the benefits. 2.Answer the questions
3.Continue the sentences
4.Fill in the gaps in the dialogue Spare time / habits / regular exercises / benefits / youthful vigour / healthy / keep fit / take time / stamina / sedentary life - Good day, doctor. - Good day, Mr. Smith. What’s the problem? - I’ve put on weight, doctor. When I walk I get short of breath. I feel unwell. - Where do you work? - I work in the office. - Do you lead … …? - I think I do. In my … … I usually lie on the sofa and watch TV or read a book. - You should … … to stay … . I recommend you to take … … . It will … little … and you feel better. - It’s a good idea, doctor. There is a sporting club near my house. - Physical exercises will help you to lose weight, retain … … and keep … . But you should also develop healthy eating and sleeping … . - Thank you, doctor. I’ll follow your advice and feel the … of it.   |