ГОТОВОЕ ПОСОБИЕ. Цель пособия в сжатые сроки научить студентов читать и понимать англоязычную литературу по профилю вуза

Название	Цель пособия в сжатые сроки научить студентов читать и понимать англоязычную литературу по профилю вуза
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part in the conference. – Его руководитель хотел, чтобы он принял участие в конференции.

³Позицию 2 занимают следующие глаголы:

to allow	разрешить
to assume	предполагать, допускать
to believe	полагать
to cause	заставлять, вызывать
to command	приказывать
to consider	считать
to demand	требовать
to enable	давать возможность
to expect	ожидать, полагать
should/would like	хотелось бы
to make	заставлять, вызывать
to permit	разрешать
to prove	доказывать, оказываться
to request	просить
to require	требовать
to suppose	полагать
to wish	желать

I. IneachlinefindComplexObjectmeaning «кто-то хочет (хотел), чтобы кто-то сделал что-то».

The x xs the x to 1; The x xed the x to 2; The x xs to 3 the x; The xs x the x to 4; The x xs the x 5.
The x xed the x to 6; The xs x to 7 the x; The x xs the x to 8; The xs x the x to 9; The x xs the x 10.
The x xs the x to 11; The x xed the x to 12; The x xed to 13 the x; The xs x the x to 14; The x xs the x 15.
The x xed the x to 16; The xs x to 17 the x; The x xs the x to 18; The xs x the x to 19; The x xs the x 20.
The x xed to 21 the xs; The x xs the x to 22; The xs x the x to 23; The x xed the x to 24; The x xs the x 25.
The x xed the x to 26; The xs xed to 27 the xs; The x xs the x to 28; The xs x the x to 29; The x xs the x 30.
The x xs to 31 the x; The x xed the x to 32; The x xs the x 33; The x xs the x to 34; The xs x the x to 35.

II. Mark the Objective infinitive constructions (Complex Object) in each line:

X wants me to 1, Xs suppose her to 2, Xs are supposed to 3, X likes him to 4, to 5 X supposes him, X is likely to 6, X allows her to 7, X considers him to 8, X made them 9, X saw him 10, X believes us to 11, X is known to 12, X was announced to 13, X thinks him to 14, X wishes them to 15.

III. Define the similarities and differences of the forms in bold. Give their Russian equivalents.

1. We know the scientist to investigate this problem thoroughly. 2. We did not know that he was responsible for this experiment. 3. She heard that he mentioned the problem several times. 4. She heard him enjoy making reports at scientific conferences. 5. Nowadays we see that scientists change fields of research. 6. The research team saw the device begin to operate. 7. We felt this suggestion be wrong. 8. I felt that the results were satisfactory. 9. We thought him to be talking to an employer. 10. We thought that they were working at the University. 11. We knew them to be working on the project.

IV. Find the Objective infinitive constructions (Complex Object) in each sentence. Give the Russian equivalents of the sentences.

1. I suppose her to be an experienced software engineer able to perform the task efficiently. 2. The chief engineer demanded the workers to observe the safety rules. 3. The IT project outcomes were considered to meet the expectations. 4. We expected him to mention the latest data in his report. 5. They saw him perform the experiment in a matter of minutes that contributed to his reputation of the best scientist in the group. 6. We know silver to be the best of conducting materials. 7. We expect the article to be published next year. 8. I believe him to have changed the direction of the research in compliance with the new requirements. 9. The professor assistant promised to carry out all the necessary preparations for the research. 10. We watched the robot perform many operations.

V. Give the Russian equivalents of the following nouns and adjectives. Pay attention to the words they were derived from:

Investigation (investigate – расследовать), suggestion (suggest – предлагать, советовать), conducting (conduct – проводить, сопровождать), responsibility (responsible – ответственный).
VI. Arrange in pairs the words with а) similar meaning, b) contrary meaning:

а) to expect, machine, information, to fulfill, to fix, data, to suppose, to perform, to adjust, computer.

b) to begin, right, essential, wrong, to narrow, to come, unimportant, to leave, to finish.

VII. Match each English word with the correct Russian equivalent:

to access,

accessible,

access,

accessing

to apply,

application,

applied,

applying

иметь доступ,

применять,

доступный,

применение,

доступ,

прикладной,

имеющий доступ,

применяющий/применяемый

VIII. In the text find the multifunctional verb to be and define its meaning.

IX. In the text find the words having the following meanings:

a) practical use, b) to do, to perform, c) the action of mathematical calculation, d) the fact of coming into existence, e) to become or make larger, to develop, f) a way of dealing with a situation or problem.

X. Read the text and find the answer to the question: What will working out computerized models of materials allow?
Will the Computers Think Instead of Us?

1. One of main characteristics of the present – day global «computerization» is the boom in domestic computers. The desk computer is expected to function as your personal librarian, carry out simple optimization computations, control your budget or diet, play several hundred games, etc. Further development of the computer is believed to lead to a situation in which most of the knowledge accepted by mankind will be stored in computers and made accessible to anyone with a home computer.

2. Communication between man and computer will not replace man’s creative abilities but will expand them. It is natural that the advent of minicomputers with extensive memories and possibilities will lead to a new higher level in information culture. The creation of the domestic computer industry will allow a lot of problems in culture and education to be solved. Among other things, we shall be able to organize the educational process in the countryʼs colleges and universities and also in the system of school education on a new basis.

3. Working out computerized models of materials studied by schoolchildren or students will allow us to see the results of this instruction on a display screen, make understanding of the material very simple and make the development of a creative approach to the studying of knowledge and its application easier.

4. As for the information in various traditional branches of knowledge the application of electronics will allow side by side with the traditional printed material to have the contents of books, magazines and articles fed into the computer memory, where this will be analysed, arranged in a certain order, stored and produced on request as a printed computer programmer.

5. Traditionally, the computer in business is used to process data. Now the computer takes on new kinds of jobs. It has become more involved in business operations as an essential tool in making decisions at the highest administrative level.

XI. Readsentence 1 ofpassage 1 anddivideitintosense groups.State the dependency relations between them.

XII. The answers to what questions you can find in the text?

1. What are the functions of the desk computer?

2. What are the advantages of the creation of the domestic computer industry?

3. What new kinds of job does the computer take in the field of space exploration nowadays?
XIII. Read passage 1 and translate sentences 2 and 3 in it.
XIV. Compress passage 2 to the maximum. Express its main idea in 3 sentences.
XV. Translate passages 2 and 3 into Russian.
Причастные обороты

Признаки распознавания причастных оборотов с причастием I

the x xing + зависимые слова
– после существительного

ОПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛЬНЫЙ

причастный оборот

делающий

(-ущ, -ющ, -ащ, -ящ, -вш, -ш), придаточным предложением

The tube consisting of a cathode, a control grid and a plate is a triode.

Лампа, состоящая из катода, управляющей сетки и анода, является триодом.

Xing + зависимые слова
– в начале предложения перед подлежащим

– в конце предложения (… xing + зависимые слова)

– может вводиться союзами when «когда» и while «в то время как»

ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВЕННЫЙ

причастный оборот

делая

(-а, -я, -ав, -ив);

придаточным предложением;

при+существительное

Developing a new semiconductor device, the scientist solved many problems.
He will achieve success working hard.

While conducting space research, scientists discovered the nuclei of antimatter.

Разрабатывая новое полупроводниковое устройство, ученый решил многие проблемы.

Он добьётся успеха, упорно работая.

Проводя космические исследования, ученые открыли ядра антивещества.

Обстоятельственные причастные обороты с причастием I пассивным

Being xed + зависимые слова	ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВЕННЫЙ причастный оборот	будучи сделан, когда делается
– в начале предложения перед подлежащим	ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВЕННЫЙ причастный оборот

Being built of coloured stone the cinema will look fine.

Так как кинотеатр строится из цветного камня, он будет выглядеть…

Обстоятельственные причастные обороты с причастием I перфектным активным

Having xed + зависимые слова	ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВЕННЫЙ причастный оборот	сделав (-ав, -яв, -ив, -вшись)
– в начале предложения перед подлежащим
– в конце предложения

Having repaired the engine the mechanic showed it to the engineer.

Отремонтировавмотор, механик показал его инженеру

Обстоятельственные причастные обороты с причастием I перфектным пассивным

Having been xed + зависимые слова	ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВЕННЫЙ причастный оборот	придаточным предложением с союзами так как, после того как, когда
– в начале предложения перед подлежащим
– … having been xed … .
– в конце предложения

Having been repaired properly the engine began operating better

После того как мотор был отремонтирован должным образом, он стал работать лучше.

I. a) In each line find the attributive participial constructions meaning «делающий …».

The x is 1ing the x, the x 2ing the x will be xing, the x 3ing the x has been xing, the xs 4ing the x have been xing, the x 5ing the x is xing.
The xs are 6ing the x, the x 7ing the x was xing, the xs 8ing the xs are xing, the x 9ing the x was xing, the xs 10ing the xs were xing.
The x was 11ing the x, the x 12ing the x was xing, the xs 13ing the xs were xing, the x 14ing the x is xing, the xs 15ing the xs are xing.
The x 16ing the x was xing, the xs 17ing the xs were xing, the x is 18ing the x, the x 19ing the x is, the xs 20ing the xs are.
The xs 21ing the xs are, the x 22ing the x is xing, the xs 23ing the xs are xing, the x 24ing the x was xing, the xs are 25ing the x.
6.The x 26ing the x was xing, the xs 27ing the xs were xing, the x 28ing the x was, the x 29ing the x will be xing, the x was 30ing the x.
The xs 31ing the xs were, the x 32ing the x is xing, the xs 33ing the xs are xing, the x 34ing the x was xing, the xs were 35ing the x.

b) In each line find the adverbial participial constructions meaning «делая…».

1ing the x the x is, when 2ing the x the xs are, the 3ing x xs, 4ing the x the xs are, 5ing the x the x is.
When 6ing the x the xs are, while 7ing the x the x is, 8ing is, 9ing the x the x is, when 10ing the xs are.
11ing the x the xs are, 12ing the x the xs are, when 13ing the x the xs are, while 14ing the x the x is, the 15ing xs are.
The 16ing x is, 17ing the x the xs are, 18ing the x the x is, when 19ing the x the xs are, while 20ing the x the x is.
While the xs are 21ing, 22ing the x the xs are, 23ing the x the x is, when 24ing the x the xs are, 25ing the x the x is.
26ing was, 27ing the x the xs are, 28ing the x the x is, when 29ing the x the xs are, while 30ing the x the x is.
31ing the x the xs are, 32ing the x the x is, the 33ing x xs, 34ing the x the x is, when 35ing the x the xs are.

c) In each line find the adverbial participial constructions, meaning «cделав…» at the beginning of the construction:

1ing the x the x is; Having 2ed the x the x is; Having 3ed it the x; Having 4ed the x the x; Having 5ed it the x was.
Having 6ed it the x xs were; When 7ing the x is; Having 8ed the x the x is; Having 9ed it the x; Having 10ed the x the x.
Having 11ed the x the x is; While 12ing the xs are; Having 13ed the x the x; Having 14ed it the x was; Having 15ed it the x xs were.
Having 16ed it the x; Having 17ed the x the x; Having 18ed it the x was; Having been 19ed the x is; Having 20ed it the x xs were
Having 21ed the x the x; Having been 22ed the x is; Having 23ed the x the x is; Having 24ed it the x; Having 25ed it the x xs were.
26ing the x the x is; Having 27ed it the x; Having 28ed the x the x; Having 29ed it the x was; Having 30ed it the x xs were.
Having 31ed the x the x is; Having 32ed it the x; Having 33ed it the x was; Having 34ed it the x xs were; The x 35ed xing the x

II. Find the participial constructions. Give the Russian equivalent of the following parts of sentences. Pay attention to the form of Participle I and Participle I Perfect in the attributive and adverbial participial constructions:

a) 1. People investigating a lot; 2. Speaking at the conference I…; 3. When using this device he …; 4. While calculating the figures again I…; 5. Having learnt it he …; 6. Having increased the rate they …; 7. Being worked out by the specialists the program is…; 8. Having been repaired the engine began … . 9. Having been studied in detail the method was …; 10. Having been tested successfully the model

b) 1. People carrying out the research; 2. while calculating the figures; 3. the scientists conducting the experiment; 4. having attained the results; 5. IT specialists producing the final product; 6. the standard offering high-speed data; 7. early telegraphs using keyboards could produce tapes; 8. when drawing conclusions; 9. having discussed the questions; 10. while coming to an agreement.
III. Find the attributive and adverbial participial constructions with Participle I. Give their features and Russian equivalents:

1. Qualitative research has many uses, including exploring alternative communication messages and identifying strengths and weaknesses. 2. A back.one is a network transmission path handling major data traffic. 3. The ability of tiny computer devices to control complex operations has transformed the way many tasks are performed, ranging from scientific research to producing consumer products. 4. A router is a special computer directing messages when several networks are linked. 5. The Tor Project offers a channel for people wanting to route their online communications anonymously. 6. Users wishing to take part in the bridging project, need to be subscribed to the Amazon service. 7. There have already been prototypes, attracting crowds at gadget shows.
IV. Compare the form and meaning of the participles in the following attributive and adverbial constructions. Define their similarity and difference. Suggest whether this difference influences their meaning.

1. But further measurements using a laser and looking for reflections showed that much of the ice is covered with a layer of dark material tens of centimeters thick. 2. This procedure was dropped, having given low yield of end products. 3. Having been carefully tested the device was put into operation. 4. Having determined the number of amperes and the number of volts, we can find the resistance of the coil by using Ohm’s law. 5. Having lost electrons, the atom of the metal is pacifier. 6. Having studied all the known elements he drew up a table of elements. 7. Having been employed in many industrial processes electronic computers show a notable example of progress contributing to the development of industry. 8. The source code of the malware program has become available online, allowing experts to analyze its complicated design. 9. Having changed the program the robot’s arm began to perform a new operation. 10. Having analyzed the situation he managed to carry out the experiment.
Признаки распознавания определительных и обстоятельственных причастных оборотов причастием II

the x xed + зависимые слова

– после существительного

ОПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛЬНЫЙ

причастный оборот

делаемый, сделанный
(-нный, -емый, -имый,
-тый, -шится, -вшится), придаточным

The indirectly heated cathode consists of cylinder heated by filament.

Косвенно обогреваемый катод состоит из металлического цилиндра, обогреваемого нитью накала.

(When) xed … – в начале предложения перед подлежащим	ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВЕННЫЙ причастный оборот	а) придаточным обстоятельственным предложением: когда сделали, б) при + существительное от причастия при применении
…(when) xed.
- в конце предложения.
- может вводиться союзами when «когда», if «если», as «как», though «хотя», unless «если … не», until «пока … не», once «раз уж», «как только» и др.

When processed properly the substance receives the required properties.
Certain materials emit electrons when heated.

При обработке соответствующим образом вещество получает необходимые свойства.

При нагревании некоторые материалы испускают электроны

I. In each line find the attributive participial constructions, meaning «делаемый», «сделанный»:

The x has 1ed, the x 2ed in the x xed the x, the x 3ed by the x is, the xs 4ed with the x are, the xs 5ed by the x have.
The x 6ed after the x xed the x, the x is 7ed, the x 8ed at the x was xed, the x 9ed for the x was xed, the x 10ed by the x has.
The x 11ed in the x has xed, the x 11ed by the x is, the xs 12ed with the x are, the x 13ed at the x was xed, the xs have been 15ed.
The x 16ed for the x was xed, the x 17ed after the x is, the x will be 18ed, the x 19ed without the x xed the x, the x 20ed on the x is xed.
The x has been 21ed, the x 22ed by the x is, the xs 23ed with the x are, the x 24ed at the x was xed, the x 25ed for the x was xed.
The x 26ed for the x was xed, the x 27ed on the x is, the x 28ed after the x has, the x 29ed in the x will x, 30ed the x.
The xs were 31ed, the x 32ed by the x is, the xs 33ed with the x are, the x 34ed at the x was xed, the x 35ed for the x was xed.

II. In each line find the adverbial participial constructions, the meaning «когда (если, покане, хотя) сделали» or «приделании»:

When 1ed with the x; if 2ed by the x, the x; 3ed by the x, the x; x had 4ed; as 5ed the x.
The xs have been 6ed; though 7ed the x; unless 8ed the x; when 9ed with the x; if 10ed by the, the x.
11ed by the x, the x; if 12ed by the x the x; xs are 13ed; as 14ed the x; through 15ed the x.
when 16ed the x; xs were 17ed; unless 18ed the x; 19ed by the x, the x; when 20ed with the x.
if 21ed by the x the x; the x was being 22ed; as 23ed the x; though 24ed the x; unless 25ed the x.
though 26ed the x; 27ed by the x, the x; when 28ed with the x, the x may be 29ed, if 30ed by the x, the x.
when 31ed the x; the x is 32ed; as 33ed the x; though 34ed the x; unless 35ed the x.

III. Find the attributive and adverbial participial constructions with Participle II. Give the Russian equivalents of the following parts of sentences:

1) If properly treated, the substance; 2) the elements used together; 3) the approach aimed at; 4) the chemical reactions involved in the process; 5) logical systems built on axioms, 6) the method applied in the experiment; 7) the speed offered by WiGig; 8) malware designed to steal encrypted files; 9) a cyber-attack discovered last year; 10) when viewed as a whole, the instruction.
IV. Find the attributive and adverbial participial constructions with Participle II. Give their features and Russian equivalents:

1. The conference attended by scientists from different countries discussed new trends and methods in this field of research. 2. This guide, written especially for students of English as a foreign language, demonstrates the basic sentence patterns of contemporary English. 3. When heated, a body usually expands. 4. Once started, the process is difficult to stop. 5. An electronic computer forms an impressive complex device when viewed as a whole. 6. A body at rest remains at rest unless acted upon by an external force. 7. Writtenin pencil the article was difficult to read. 8. The devices produced by our plant are of improved quality.
V. Give the Russian equivalents of the following sentences. Pay attention to the translation of the participial constructions with Participle II.

1. The experiment made in our laboratory was a failure. 2. The information obtained by them is of great importance. 3. Once saida word cannot be unsaid. 4. Most of the liquid ethers decompose slowly if keptat room temperature. 5. Though generally criticized, this formula does describe the essential characteristics of the process. 6. Some heat-resistant types of glasses can be heated until they are red and they do not break, if then placed into ice water. 7. The indirectly heated cathode consists of a metal cylinder heated by filament placed inside. 8. One of the rights enjoyed by University scientists is that of combining research with teaching. 9. When adequately heated the semiconductor doesn’t work well.
VI. Read the text paying attention to the participial constructions. Give their Russian equivalents.

Most chromium compounds have brightly coloured hues, and as a result, they are widely used as colouring agents, pigments, in paints. In addition to having a pleasing color, a paint must protect the surface to which it is applied and be easy to apply in a thin, uniform coat.

All paints consist of two parts. One is powder of solid particles that is the source of the color and the opaqueness and is known as the pigment. The other, called the binder, is the liquid into which the pigment is blended. The binder used in some paints is made from oily solvents such as those derived from petroleum resources. When applied, these solvents evaporate, leaving deposits of pigment on the surface.
VII. Read the sentences, choose the right variant of the words in bold.

1. A computer infected/infecting with financial malware will wait until you visit a banking site. 2. People become hackers for different reasons included/including: making money, criminal purposes, or to expose political information. 3. Webpages are documents designed/designing for use on the World Wide Web which is an Internet service that allows users to view linked webpages stored/storing on Web server computers. 4. A bridge is a hardware and software combination used/using to connect the same type of data. 5. The Samsung-manufactured laptop and desktop PCs include processors based/basing on Intel’s Sandy bridge technology. 6. Volunteers were set tasks by a computer which imitated the instructions given/giving by a vehicle’s navigation system. 8. Webpages can be created used/using a very basic word processor program known/knowing as a text editor, but special programs are available that allow the user to create webpages without known/knowing about HTML. 9. The quantum key distribution has until now needed a dedicated fibre separate from that used/using to carry data. 10. The man developing/developed this program is a very talented man. 11. The people

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