ГОТОВОЕ ПОСОБИЕ. Цель пособия в сжатые сроки научить студентов читать и понимать англоязычную литературу по профилю вуза
 Скачать 0.95 Mb.
|
|
XIV. Look through passage 3 and find the definition of the applications program. XV. Read passage 4 and define the connectors between them. XVI. In passage 5 find the sentence describing three system programs of the computer. Translate the passage. Причастие I, II и герундий I. Point out Participle I and Perfect Participle in the passive form:
II. Find active and passive forms of the participles:.
III. Using the scheme «Причастиястрадательногозалога», in each line find the forms of the following meaning: а) когдаделается 1ing, having 2ed, having been 3ed, being 4ed, be 5ed, have 6 ed, have been 7ed, being 8 ed, are 9 ed, 10ed; b) после того как был сделан 1ing, having 2ed, having been 3ed, being 4ed, be 5ed, have 6ed, have been 7 ed, having been 8ed, has been 9 ed, had been 10ed. IV. Find Participle I and Perfect Participle in a) active, b) passive forms. Give their Russian equivalents. а) translating; having translated; having been translated; being translated writing; having written; having been written; being written; asking; having asked; having been asked; being asked; finishing; having finished; having been finished; being finished. b) receiving; having received; having been received; being received; doing, having done; having been done; being done; calling;, having called; having been called; being called; learning; having learnt; having been learnt; being learnt. V. Find Participle I, state its function and give their Russian equivalents. 1. They are developing a new method now. 2. The linking networks were maintained by the company. 3. Being familiar with the problem he didn’t find it interesting. 4. Not knowing the topic well, he got confused. 5. They have been producing circuits with germanium as the semiconductor material since May. 6. When combining, hydrogen and oxygen form water. 7. While making the experiment, the lab assistant put down all the necessary data. 8. The quantity of electricity flowing is directly related to the formula presented. VI. Give the Russian equivalents of the following parts of sentences with Participle II. Indirectly heated cathode; specifically targeted files; the data used is consistent; images drawn dates back to; is a collection of stored operational data; data used by all the application systems, files are replaced by organized collection; as seen , these engines; when heated, the polymer. VII. Find the similarities and differences in the parts of sentences in bold. Give the Russian equivalents of the sentences. 1. The performed work showed good results. 2. Heated glass is plastic. 3. The received message said that the experiment had been completed. 4. They saw the broken tubes in the laboratory. 5. They saw overturned tables and chairs and pieces of broken glass all over the room. 6. An eavesdropper trying to intercept the key would be found out. 7. Most QKD systems are currently restricted to tightly controlled lab conditions. 8. The discovery mentioned remained unknown to the world for a long time. 9. The results received changed with material used. 10. When carried, the television channels transmitted better pictures. Сравнение функций причастия I и герундия
1После глаголов, выражающих начало, продолжительность или конец действия: начало, продолжительность или конец действия: ,continue, cease, start, etc. Герундий может иметь перед собой – предлог, e.g.: with – притяжательное местоимение my (our, your, his, her, its, their) xing – существительное в притяжательном падеже Tom’sxing I. State the Gerund in the active/passive forms. 1ing, being 2ing, having 3ing, have 4ed, has been 5ing, having been 6ed, of 7ing, to have been 8ing, 9ing, having been 10ed, to 11, to 12ing, 13ed, have 14ing, having been 15ed. II. Give the Russian equivalents of the following parts of sentences. Pay attention to the form of the Gerund in the active/passive forms. 1) to avoid making mistakes, 2) to deny not having done the work, 3) excuse my coming here so late, 4) to forgive his interfering, 5) to go on making a presentation, 6) to keep insisting on her continuing the project, 7) to stop conducting the research, 8) not to mind consulting an expert, 9) could not help trying again, 10) can not put off doing these calculations. III. Find differences and similarities of the structures in bold. Give the Russian equivalents of the following sentences. a. He does not like being told what to do. Telling the truth helps everybody. b. He likes being asked for his expert advice. The initial difficulties of asking for the necessary information were overcome. c. He was charged with having committed plagiarism. Committing a bill always leads to difficulties. d. He was afraid of being informed about system failure. Informing the team on time leads to a more effective work. e. Not knowing what to do, they stopped the process. I know every research in the field that is worth being known. f. There is no hope of his finishing the project on time. I called him to say about my having completed the project. IV. Find the Gerund, define its features. Give the Russian equivalents of the following sentences. 1. The user selects the commands by simply looking at the blinking arrows on the screen. 2. Using video cameras, the robot studies its surroundings before planning its movements. 3. This new method shakes up conventions, but is definitely helping children to learn better, because at this age touching is one of their most developed senses and comes naturally. 4. Apple had initially been accused of infringing on six patents for iPhone-related technology covering everything from reducing signal noise to programming the device’s touch screen so a user’s head does not accidentally activate it while talking on the phone. 5. The potential is boundless, according to some educational specialists, they see it as a way of providing students in the developing world with access to the international educational ladder. 6. This rapidly expanding method is catching on, but with a high drop-out rate is it really up to replacing the on-campus experience? 7. Conceptually it’s possible for you to organise your life in such a way as you can move around all the things you might want to do without having to stand in a queue line, and you can do that from your sitting room. 8. I don’t think we are going to see education becoming nothing but playing digital games, but I don’t think you can do education with just one method. 9. So they are wanting to find an egg, help it to hatch and look after it so that the creature can grow, which transfers to real life nurturing skills such as looking after a pet or young children at home. 10. Learning from playing computer games is not only for school children. In Germany lots of different people benefit from games, including students, people with special needs and even adult professionals. 11. After all, the concept – creating flexible electronics and assembling them on equally flexible plastic – has been touted since the 1960s, when the first flexible solar cell arrays appeared. 12. Controlling the TV without a remote would eliminate the need to look for it. V. Find the Gerund, define its functions. Give the Russian equivalents of the following sentences. 1. Using this technique gives you more flexibility. 2. Typing text messages on a mobile phone via the tiny soft keyboard is very cumbersome. 3. A user can navigate through various on-screen menus by simply focusing attention on the commands. 4. Researchers also expect the system to contribute to reducing up to 30 percent of CO2 emissions from sports facilities. 5. Zach helped develop «A Slower Speed of Light», a videogame which explains the theory of relativity by enabling gamers to experience it. 6. Many countries have not only started using computer games in the classroom, but are also encouraging students to build their own games, even at a very young age. 7. New ways of interacting with computers have proliferated in recent years with technology like touch screens, motion-sensing and eye-tracking. VI. Read the sentences and decide whether the words in bold are the Gerund or Participle I. 1. Freezing an Android phone can help reveal its confidential contents. 2. The advance could speed the development of smarter artificial skin capable of «feeling» activity on the surface. 3. The researchers discovered that quickly connecting and disconnecting the battery of a frozen phone forced the handset into a vulnerable mode. 4. After all, the concept – creating flexible electronics and assembling them on equally flexible plastic – has been touted since the 1960s. 5. Using bundles of vertical zinc oxide nanowires, the researchers built arrays consisting of about 8,000 transistors. 6. Mimicking the sense of touch electronically has been challenging, and can be achieved by measuring changes in resistance prompted by mechanical touch. 7. They include finding more efficient ways to sort through nanotubes which are made in a wide variety of sizes and types. 8. This gives a way to gain performance while shrinking the device. 9. In the early 1980s viruses depended on humans to do the hard work of spreading the virus to other computers. 10. Some harmful programs can create a backdoor, allowing a remote user to access the victim's computer system. 11. At that point, the system reverts to essentially guessing the location. Герундиальные обороты Герундий с относящимися к нему словами образует герундиальные обороты. Признаки распознавания независимого герундиального оборота
Признаки распознавания зависимого герундиального оборота
I. Point out absolute and gerundial constructions. In addition to 1ing…; by 2ing…; of Tom’s 2ing …; in spite of 3ing …; his having 4ed …; of their 5ing …; of our 6ing …; due to the x being 7ed…; without being 8ed…; on the x being 9ed…; from not having 10ed…; owing to the x being 11ed. II. Find the gerundial construction. Give the Russian equivalents of the following parts of sentences. 1) The molecules because of their being reactive; 2) Having discovered radium enabled to isolate; 3) Substituting this value in the equation; 4) His being late at the conference; 5) Without realizing the outcomes; 6) in spite of preventing from errors; 7) Our aim is studying science; 8) Impeded in making further discoveries; 9) He preferred changing the course of his research; 10) This implies knowing the basics of the theory. III. Give the Russian equivalents of the following sentences. Pay attention to the translation of the gerundial constructions in the sentences. 1. In spite of not having the necessary expertise, the scientist made his great discovery. 2. These substances are alike in having high melting points. 3. Adding more turns makes the magnetic field stronger. 4. It is worthwhile considering more carefully the implication of the research results. 5. The scientist investigated the possibility of these rays being charged particles. 6. The analyst’s efficiency may be attributed to his having acquired, by constant training, the necessary technique. 7. To calculate the motion of an electron, we investigate the accompanying wave motion instead of using classical point mechanics. 8. The physicist’s being awarded the Nobel Prize soon became widely known. 9. Being appointed the head of the Department, Dr. Black started his work on atomic collisions. 10. The actual number of electrons depends upon the atom being considered. IV. Give the Russian equivalents of the adjectives in the left column paying attention to the forms and meanings of the words they were derived from in the right column.
V. State the differences of the following forms of the nouns. Explain how these differences effect their meaning. Science – scientist Research – researcher Manufacture – manufacturer Consumer – consumption Innovation – innovator Technology – technological Product – production Indication – indicator Sign – signature Company – companion Friend – friendship Companion – companionship VI. Match the words in the left column with their Russian equivalents.
VII. In the text find the derivatives of the verb to indicate. Give other derivatives of this verb. VIII. Arrange in pairs the words with а) similar meaning, b) contrary meaning. а) substitute, shine, quality, material, imitate, replace, revolutionize, reach, property, research, substance, develop, common/usual, investigate, achieve, change/transform, mimic, glow, conventional, design/work out; b) the same, consumer, stationary, decrease, regress, advance, producer, unusual, opaque, different, transparent, inner, stationary, thin, outer, create, mobile, ordinary, increase, thick IX. Read the text and find the answer to the question: What new display technology will make possible to create flexible electronic products and assemble them on equally flexible plastic? X. Read the text and think where it is better to give additional information about different display technologies without disturbing the logics of the text. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||