Grammar exercises. English for technical institutes (Shevtsova G. V) Unit To be

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Passive forms (present simple passive, past simple passive, future simple passive, present continuous passive, past continuous passive, present perfect passive, past perfect passive, future perfect passive).

Examples: They import all clothes from China. (Active)

All the clothes are imported from China. (Passive)

They imported all clothes from China last year (Active)

All the clothes were imported from China last year (Passive)

They will import all clothes from China next year (Active)

All clothes will be imported from China next year (Passive)
They are selling these designs now. (Active)

These designs are being sold now. (Passive)

They were selling those designs at that time last year (Active)

Those designs were being sold at that time last year (Passive)
We have already written this letter (Active)

This letter has been already written by us. (Passive)

We had written this letter by 5 o’clock yesterday. (Active)

This letter had been written by 5 o’clock yesterday. (Passive)

We will have written this letter by 5 o’clock tomorrow. (Active)

This letter will have been written by 5 o’clock tomorrow. (Passive)

 Change the verbs from Active into Passive.

1. 
   I take books at the library.
   
2. 
   Boys play football.
   
3. 
   We clean our classroom after the lessons.
   
4. 
   The postman brings newspapers every day.
   
5. 
   They show American films every Sunday on TV.
   
6. 
   We keep the dog in the yard. .
   
7. 
   We give milk to our cat every day.
   
8. 
   We usually pick apples in September.
   
9. 
   He shows me his stamps each time when I come to his place.
   
10. 
    They use disks for storing information.
    
11. 
    They discover new planets every day.
    
12. 
    People give presents at Christmas.
    
13. 
    They speak Spanish in Peru.
    
14. 
    They tidy the classroom every day.
    

Choose the correct form of the verb in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. 
   I ... (like / am liked) this place.
   
2. 
   What books by Charles Dickens ... (translated / are translated) into Belarussian?
   
3. 
   Who ... (protects / is protected) animals?
   
4. 
   This city ... (is visited / visited) by many people.
   
5. 
   Who ... (gives / is given) bad marks in your class?
   
6. 
   Our house ... (made /is made) of wood.
   
7. 
   Our holiday ... (is begun / begins) next week.
   
8. 
   Pupils ... (are given / give) textbooks by the teacher.
   
9. 
   The holiday ... (celebrated / is celebrated) every year.
   
10. 
    Text messages … (send / are sent) using mobile phones.
    
11. 
    CDs … (are made / made) of plastic.
    
12. 
    Computers … (are used / used) in a lot of schools in this region.
    
13. 
    E-mails … (sent / are sent) with a modem.
    
14. 
    The game … (plays /is played) on a computer.
    
15. 
    The Internet … (uses / is used) to get information.
    

Respond to the situations with a negative sentence using the words and word combinations in brackets.

Example:

Cars are made at this factory. (bicycles)

— But bicycles are not made at this factory.

1. 
   Bread is sold in this shop, (milk)
   
2. 
   Our house is built of wood, (their house)
   
3. 
   My books are kept on the shelf. exercise-books )
   
4. 
   My younger sister is usually given fruit and milk for supper, (my elder brother)
   
5. 
   Apples are grown in Belarus, (oranges)
   
6. 
   Glass is made of sand, (paper)
   
7. 
   My dresses are made by my mother, (jackets)
   
8. 
   Films are watched by many people, (sports programmes)
   
9. 
   This apple-tree is planted by me. (that cherry-tree)
   
10. 
    All the words are always learnt by the pupils. (rules)
    

Answer the questions in Present Simple Passive.

Example:

 Is football played in the yard?

— Yes, it is. It’s sometimes played in the yard.

— No, it isn’t. It’s usually played in the field.

Is it played by boys or by girls?

— It’s played by boys as a rule.

1. 
   Are you always given good marks?
   
2. 
   Is your friend also given good marks?
   
3. 
   Is your homework always done in time?
   
4. 
   Are you often given money by your parents?
   
5. 
   Is chess played by two or three people?
   
6. 
   Are you often punished at home?
   
7. 
   Are trees planted in summer or in autumn?
   
8. 
   Are you shown pictures at your English lessons?
   
9. 
   Are your exercise-books collected at the beginning or at the end of the lesson?
   

Ask for more information about the sentences using the words in brackets.

Example:

 The children are left after the lessons. (why)

— Why are the children left after the lessons?

1. 
   The game is won by our school team, (what game)
   
2. 
   The map is brought from England, (when)
   
3. 
   My books are not kept on the shelf, (why)
   
4. 
   School meetings are held every month, (where)
   
5. 
   The glass is filled with something, (what)
   
6. 
   Hockey is usually played by boys, (when)
   
7. 
   Oranges are not grown in Belarus, (why)
   
8. 
   The dinner is not yet served, (why)
   
9. 
   New rules are explained at the lesson, (by whom)
   
10. 
    We are asked to join the club, (why)
    

 Answer the questions using the words in brackets. 

1. 
   Do many tourists come to Britain? (is visited )
   
2. 
   Where is the ‘garden of England? (is situated)
   
3. 
   Does it snow in the mountains of Wales? (are covered with)
   
4. 
   What language do people in Scotland speak? (is spoken)
   
5. 
   Are there many seas around the country? (is surrounded by / is washed by)
   
6. 
   Do they make world-famous crafts and clothes in Scotland? (are made)
   
7. 
   Do many people know about the beautiful mountains and lakes of Wales? (are known all over the world)
   
8. 
   Why is the green colour a symbol of Northern Ireland? (is covered)
   

Complete these sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the present continuous passive.

1. 
   Look at that! A new supermarket ______________in this street. (build)
   
2. 
   You car will be ready soon. It _____ just __________. (wash)
   
3. 
   You can't see the horses, they ___________ now. (feed)
   
4. 
   What's the problem? The film ______________today. (not- show)
   
5. 
   Wait a minute please. The dinner _____________ for you. (prepare)
   
6. 
   Because of the fire children ________________ at their classrooms. (not - teach)
   
7. 
   I can't use my PC. A new operating system_______________ on it. (instal)
   
8. 
   The pool is now full of hair because swim caps ____________ in it. (not - use)
   
9. 
   Christmas is coming and much more goods ____________ in shops. (display)
   
10. 
    I'm sorry, it's 10 o'clock. Customers______________ anymore. (not - serve)
    

Use the present continuous passive to rewrite these sentences.

I am afraid that somebody else is using my laptop.

I am afraid that my ............................................................................................

They aren't feeding the lions at the moment.

The .............................................................................................. at the moment.

Someone is speaking Spanish in this classroom.

Spanish .......................................................................................... in this classroom.

The red light is on because doctors are operating a patient.

The red light is on because a ..........................................................................

They are putting books on shelves.

Books .................................................................................................... on shelves.

Look, they are killing the ants.

Look, the ............................................................................................................

Can you see that? The police officers are chasing a robber.

Can you see that? A ........................................................................................

I do not know why they aren't cutting the trees today.

I do not know why the .............................................................................. today.

They are writing a test in this lesson.

A ................................................................................................ in this lesson.

They aren't decorating the hall because Sam is ill.

The ..........................................................................

Use these words to make sentences in the present continuous passive.

make | at the moment | your coffee ....................................................................................................................................................... by cars | nowadays | big cities | block ....................................................................................................................................................... grow | in the garden | flowers | now ....................................................................................................................................................... right now | in prison | keep | the man ....................................................................................................................................................... much pollute | by smoke | air | at this time of the year ....................................................................................................................................................... cut down | just now | on this planet | millions of trees ....................................................................................................................................................... use | for this shot | a different camera ...................................................................................................................................................... in the cinema | today | show | two films ....................................................................................................................................................... the economy | by consumer spending | this year | drive ....................................................................................................................................................... do | about it | these days | nothing .................................................................................................
Use the verbs in brackets in the correct form.

1. 
   English __________ (speak) here.
   
2. 
   Seats ____________ (book) beforehand.
   
3. 
   The road to hell __________ (pave) with good intentions
   
4. 
   Marriages ____________ (make) in heaven.
   
5. 
   The film ______________ (discuss) by everybody.
   
6. 
   Bananas ____________ (grow) in tropical areas.
   
7. 
   The café ________________ (decorate) now.
   
8. 
   The fish _________________ (fire) on the bonfire now.
   
9. 
   A swimming pool __________ (build) in our district.
   

10. All the flights ______________ (delay) due to bad weather.

11. She ______________ (refuse) to have a better lab.

12. These books ______usually __________ (borrow) from the library.

13. The work of this student _______________ (pay) too much attention.

14. A lot of time ___________ (give) to the study of this grammar rule.

15. A new business plan ____________ (discuss) by the company’s shareholders now.

Past Simple Passive

Put the verbs in brackets in the past form

Life in the 19th century in Britain

Lamps and candles ............................... for light, because there was no electricity. (use) A coach instead of a car ................................. to move from place to place. (buy) By the 1860's bicycles ................................. along with horses. (ride) A simple small house ...................................... by a poor family. (build) Luxurious palaces .................................... by wealthy aristocratic families. (own) Top hats and suits with tails ................................. by men in cities. (wear) A dress ........................................ to hide woman's legs. (design) Girls from well-off families ........................................ at home. (educate) Boys from rich families ........................................ to public schools. (sent) A child from a poor family ........................................ to work. (force)

Rewrite sentences to use past simple passive

They bought this car a week ago.

This car ............................................................................................................................

They didn't clean the bird cages.

The bird cages ..............................................................................................................................

You could cut the branch with this knife. ....................................................................................................................................................... Too many tourists annoyed me. ....................................................................................................................................................... They didn't tell us what to do. ....................................................................................................................................................... Cars killed a lot of pedestrians. .....................................................................................................................................IT companies increased profits. ....................................................................................................................................................... He didn't expect us to help him. ....................................................................................................................................................... The police did a lot. ....................................................................................................................................................... They didn't bring this laptop from Japan. .....................................................................................................................................

Use these words to make sentences in the past simple passive.

Example: two | break | glasses - Two glasses were broken.

What happened after a birthday party? tidy up | the room | not ....................................................................................................................................................... on | sandwiches | the table | leave | some ....................................................................................................................................................... empty | not | waste bin ....................................................................................................................................................... with | coke | stain | the sofa ....................................................................................................................................................... plates and forks | everywhere | leave ....................................................................................................................................................... under | empty bottles | the bed | put ....................................................................................................................................................... damage | flowers | some ....................................................................................................................................................... fill | the kitchen sink | dirty dishes | with ....................................................................................................................................................... not | most lights | switch off ....................................................................................................................................................... close | the front door | not .....................................................................................................................................

Rewrite the sentences in the passive form if possible. Use the example.

Example:

The Celts settled in Wales in 500 BC. Wales was settled by the Celts in 500 BC.

1. 
   The Celts settled in Wales in 500 BC.
   
2. 
   The ancient Greeks built the Acropolis.
   
3. 
   A group of archaeologists found a dinosaur’s skeleton.
   
4. 
   I visited Rome in 2002.
   
5. 
   The aboriginals of Hawaii killed James Cook in 1779.
   
6. 
   Ford made his first car in 1896.
   
7. 
   Lewis Carroll wrote “Alice in Wonderland” in 1865.
   
8. 
   They played the match in the evening.
   
9. 
   They calculated the answers very quickly.
   
10. 
    They filmed the movie in black and white.
    
11. 
    They sent the e-mail yesterday.
    
12. 
    They built our house ten years ago.
    
13. 
    Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.
    
14. 
    The shopkeeper opened the shop at nine o'clock.
    

Write correct forms or words next to each sentence.

Spanish taught | was taught in this language school. ..................................................................

Picasso's painting and drawing was sold | were sold in the auction. ...........................................

he band's best songs were played | played at the concert. .........................................................

I was sent an email. | An email was sent to me. ..........................................................................

This photo was taken by | with my smartphone. ..........................................................................

The sculptures were stolen | were stealed yesterday. ...................................................................

The dinner cooked | was cooked too late. ....................................................................................

The chance was given to me | I was given the chance by my friend.

Some information were translated | was translated into French. .................................................

Pyramids built | were built by Egyptian pharaohs. ......................................................................

Jeans was invented | were invented in the 19th century. ............................................................

This huge machine was transported by | with plane. ...................................................................

Make questions in the past simple passive to complete the interview.

After the storm

A: There was a storm on the coast last night.

B: .................................................................? (anything | damage)

A: Yes. Some trees fell on cars.

B: How many cars .................................................? (crush)

A: More than twenty.

B: .............................................................................................? (the cars | completely | destroy)

A: Not all of them. But two or three cars were ruined.

B: And what about buildings? ................................................................. too? (they | devastate)

A: Not really. Just some windows were smashed and roof tiles were torn off. But the harbour was hit hard by the winds.

B: What happened? ....................................................................? (any boats | wreck)

A: Yes, they were. Two of them were drifted on rocks and completely destroyed.

B: What about the other boats? ..............................................................? (they | blow away)

A: Some of them were driven miles away from the shore.

B: ....................................................................... during the storm? (anybody | kill)

A: I don't think so.

B: And . ................................................................................................? (many people | injure)

A: There were some injuries, but nothing serious as far as I know.

Put the following sentences into the passive (present or past)

1. 
   The airline sent our baggage to Australia by mistake.
   
2. 
   Farmers grow soy in Argentina.
   
3. 
   People export Spanish tortilla to the US.
   
4. 
   You do not find penguins at the North Pole.
   
5. 
   Columbus did not discovered America in 1491.
   
6. 
   They draw some paintings.
   
7. 
   My uncle sold the bicycle.
   
8. 
   The child broke all the plates in the cupboard.
   
9. 
   She cannot find the book.
   
10. 
    He told them an interesting story.
    
11. 
    They usually bring newspapers in the morning.
    
12. 
    They often refer to his book.
    
13. 
    She usually looks after her younger sister wen their mother are at work.
    
14. 
    We actually have to wait for you every time.
    
15. 
    This professor is certainly listened to with great interest.
    

Remember!

Look at; look for; look after; look through; work on; wait for; pay attention to; listen to; speak to somebody about something; take care of; refer to; send for.

Put these questions into the passive.

1. 
   When did Pasteur discover Penicillin?
   
2. 
   How do people make sushi?
   
3. 
   Where do people speak Mandarin?
   
4. 
   Did Spain win the last basketball Olympics?
   
5. 
   Do people speak English in Hawaii?
   
6. 
   Do you need this equipment for your experiment?
   
7. 
   Do you know some interesting facts about Balzac’s life?
   
8. 
   Did your friend study Humanities or Sciences?
   
9. 
   Why did John Steinbeck name his novel “The winter of our discontent”?
   
10. 
    Who designed this wedding dress?
    
11. 
    Who stole my bicycle?
    
12. 
    How do people make paper?
    
13. 
    Can we cut this paper?
    
14. 
    Who designed the Laurentian Library in Florence?
    
15. 
    Where do you store your old photos?
    

Write questions for the answers in the passive form

1. 
   Yes, rice is grown in Spain.
   
2. 
   Yes, The song was sung by them.
   
3. 
   No, the trees were not cut down.
   
4. 
   No, the story is not known.
   
5. 
   Yes, he was told to be quite.
   
6. 
   No, he was not interested in them.
   
7. 
   Yes, a lot of people were injured.
   
8. 
   Yes, this painting was drawn by him.
   
9. 
   Yes, jeans were first worn by film stars.
   
10. 
    Yes, that successful fund-raising event was organized by British musicians.
    
11. 
    No, he was not informed about the conference.
    
12. 
    No, the experiment was no finished.
    
13. 
    No, nothing was planned.
    
14. 
    Yes, he was not examined yesterday.
    
15. 
    Yes, the American flag was taken to the moon in 1969.