Курс лекций по стилистике современного английского языка и вопросы к лекциям в приложении приведены материалы для практических занятий

• Название: Курс лекций по стилистике современного английского языка и вопросы к лекциям в приложении приведены материалы для практических занятий
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9. TAUTOLOGY

Syntactic tautology is the repetition of the subject expressed by a noun in a form of a pronoun.

Syntactic tautology And the maiden, she lived with no other thought.

10. POLYSYNDETON

Polysyndeton is the excessive use of several conjunctions in close succession, especially where some might be omitted (as in "he ran and jumped and laughed for joy").

Polysyndeton "I said, 'Who killed him?' and he said 'I don't know who killed him, but he's dead all right,' and it was dark and there was water standing in the street and no lights or windows broke and boats all up in the town and trees blown down and everything all blown and I got a skiff and went out and found my boat where I had her inside Mango Key and she was right only she was full of water." (Ernest Hemingway)

11. ASYNDETON

Asyndeton is a stylistic device in which conjunctions are deliberately omitted from a series of related clauses. It is contrary to polysyndeton. This device helps the author to make each unit independent and prominent. Its use can have the effect of speeding up the rhythm of a passage and making a single idea more memorable. A classical example of asyndeton is the Latin quote of Julius Caesar “Veni, vidi, vici” (I came, I saw, I conquered).

Asyndeton They dove, splashed, floated, splashed, swam, snorted. (James T. Farrell)

12. ENUMERATION

Enumeration is naming separate things, objects, ideas, phenomena, and actions one by one in chain.

The members of enumeration usually belong to the same part of speech, but different semantic classes.

Enumeration The principle production of these towns appears to be soldiers, sailors, chalk, shrimps, officers and dockyard men.

13. RHETORICAL QUESTION

A rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question without the expectation of a reply. It is posed for a persuasive effect.

Rhetorical questions encourage the listener to reflect on what the implied answer to the question must be. The answer is either supplied by the author, or left for the reader to guess.

Some rhetorical questions require no answer, while other rhetorical questions intend the communication of a “yes” or “no” answer. Sometimes, it may me “Yes, but I wish it were not so”, or “No, but I wish it were yes”.

Rhetorical question “no answer” How much longer must our people endure this injustice? “yes” Is the sky blue? Is the snow cold? “no” But where will Europe’s latter hour Again find Wordsworth's healing power? (Matthew Arnold)

14. STREAM-OF-CONSCIOUSNESS METHOD

Stream of consciousness is a narrative mode that seeks to portray an individual’s point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character's thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue, or in connection to his or her actions. Its aim is literally stenographing the working of a human mind. The greatest importance is given to character’s sensations and reactions as they arise in his mind with all their possible distant and inexplicable associations.

Stream of Consciousness Oh, God, please don’t let her die. I’ll do anything for you if you don’t let her die. Please, please, please, dear God, don’t let her die […] you took the baby but don’t let her die. That was all right but don’t let her die. Please, please, dear God, don’t let her die. (Hemingway)

QUESTIONS TO LECTURE #4

1. What are syntactical stylistic devices based on?

2. What is inversion? Give your examples.

3. Where can you often find inversion?

4. What is detachment? Give your examples.

5. What is parenthesis? Give your examples.

6. What is the difference between parenthesis and ellipsis?

7. Give your examples of ellipsis.

8. What is aposiopesis? Give your examples.

9. What is parallelism? Give your examples.

10. How are gradation and antithesis connected with parallelism?

11. What is chiasmus? Give your examples.

12. What is repetition? List the types of repetition depending on the part of the sentence repeated.

13. What is tautology? Give your examples.

14. What is polysyndeton? Give your examples.

15. What is asyndeton? Give your examples.

16. What is enumeration? Give your examples.

17. What is rhetorical question? Give your examples.

18. What is stream of consciousness method? Give your examples.
Lecture #5