Курс лекций по стилистике современного английского языка и вопросы к лекциям в приложении приведены материалы для практических занятий
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ENGLISH VERSIFICATION1. RHYME 2. TYPES OF RHYME 3. PATTERNS OF PHYME 4. STRUCTURE OF VERSE. STANZA A. The Ballad B. The Spenserian Stanza C. The Ottava Rima D. The Sonnet 1. RHYMERhyme is the second feature distinguishing verse from prose. It is the repetition of identical or similar final sounds of words. In poetry rhyme serves to bind lines together into large units. The word “rhyme” can be used in a specific and a general sense. In the specific sense, two words rhyme if their final stressed vowel and all following sounds are identical; two lines of poetry rhyme if their final strong positions are filled with rhyming words. A rhyme in the strict sense is also called a perfect rhyme. Examples are sight – flight, deign – gain, madness – sadness. With reference to the degree of similarity of sounds there are different rhymes: 1) full rhyme – the stressed vowels and consonants of the rhyming words are the same; 2) imperfect, or incomplete, rhyme can be subdivided into: • vowel rhyme – when the stressed vowels coincide, and the consonants do not; • consonant rhyme – when the stressed vowels do not coincide, but the consonants are the same; 3) eye-rhyme – the similarity of spelling of the stressed syllables and difference in pronunciation.
2. TYPES OF RHYMEA perfect rhyme – also called a full rhyme, exact rhyme, or – rhyme – is when the final part of the word or phrase sounds identically to another word. Perfect rhymes can be classified according to the number of syllables included in the rhyme. According to the structure of rhyme we can distinguish three different types: 1) Masculine rhyme – the last stressed syllables are rhymed together; 2) Feminine rhyme – the last two syllables are rhymed together, the 1st syllables are stressed; 3) Dactylic rhyme – the last 3 syllables are rhymed together, the 1st syllables are stressed.
Masculine and feminine rhymes are typical of the English poetry. As a rule it is single words that make a rhyme. These rhymes are simple. Sometimes, however, a word rhymes with a word-group. These rhymes are compound.
3. PATTERNS OF RHYMEAccording to the position of the rhyming lines a few typical patterns of rhyme are distinguished: • adjacent rhyme (aabb); • crossing rhyme (abab); • ring rhyme (abba). There are some features of traditional rhyming in the English poetry. One of them is the use of ‘eye-rhyming’. Properly speaking, they are not rhymes: the endings are pronounced quite differently, but the spelling of the endings is identical or similar (home – come, now – grow, woods – floods). As mentioned above, rhymes usually occur in the final words of verse lines. Sometimes, though, the final word rhymes with a word inside the line. This is called ‘inner rhyme’ (I am the daughter of earth and water (Shelley)). Rhymeless lines are called ‘blank verse’.
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