Курс лекций по стилистике современного английского языка и вопросы к лекциям в приложении приведены материалы для практических занятий
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SYNTACTICAL EXPRESSIVE MEANS |
| English word order Subject — Predicate — Object |
This doesn’t mean that changes of word order are impossible, but that any relocation of sentence parts in English has a more significant stylistic value than in Russian.
The purpose of an unusual arrangement of words is making some of them more important, emphasizing the expressed idea.
This rearranging is called inversion.
| Inversion A few steps away were the sun-scratched deserts. Into this society came she when she was 18. On went her old brown jacket, on went her old brown hat. |
Inversion can be often found in the works of older classical poets, however, modern poets also use inversion for the sake of emphasis.
| Inversion in poetry CHARTLESS I never saw a moor, I never saw the sea; Yet now I know how the heather looks, And what a wave must be. I never spoke with God, Nor visited in Heaven; Yet certain am I of the spot As if the chart were given. (Emily Dickinson. 1830–1886) |
2. DETACHMENT
It is a kind of inversion when, as a rule, an adverbial modifier or attribute is syntactically isolated from the words it refers to. Detachment is usually shown by commas, dashes, or brackets.
| Detachment Very small and child-like, he never looked more than fourteen. Elegant, weary, infinitely fragile, Mrs. Glamber lay back in her armchair listening. |
3. PARENTHESIS
Parenthesis is a variety of detachment. These are explanatory or qualifying words, clauses, or sentences inserted into a passage with which it doesn't necessarily have any grammatical connection, and from which it is usually marked off by round or square brackets, dashes, or commas.
Some phrases are very often used in the parenthesis, like I guess, I suppose, maybe, perhaps, probably, and etc.
| Parenthesis John will come tomorrow, I’m sure. They didn’t see – none could see – her distress, not even her grandfather. |
4. ELLIPSIS
Ellipsis is an omission of one or more words in the sentence. It is typical of spoken colloquial English.
| Ellipsis – Were they interesting books? – Don’t know. Haven’t read them. Looked pretty hopeless. Early evening. April. Perhaps, perhaps not. |
5. BREAK-IN-THE-NARRATIVE (APOSIOPESIS)
Break-in-the-narrative, or aposiopesis, is a sudden break in speech as if the speaker was unwilling or unable to express what is on his mind. This stop-short often occurs in oral speech. In printing it refers to a mark or series of marks that usually indicate an intentional omission of a word or a phrase from the original text. It can also be used to indicate a pause in speech, an unfinished thought or, at the end of a sentence, a trailing off into silence.
| Break-in-the-narrative I apologize, madam, I feel so … I wouldn’t have troubled to… |